多穗型小麦品种高产栽培的群体质量指标研究

本文通过对以钱江２号为代表的多穗型小麦高产栽培群体质量指标的研究．揭示出在长江中下游地区多穗型小麦品种取得５．２５ｔ／公顷的产量水平：其阶段叶面积系数为：年内１以上．拔节期为３以上．孕穗期为６左右．齐穗期不低于５．开花灌浆期稳定在４．５左右。且具有相应的干物质增长系数．其适宜群体结构为；基本苗１９５万／ｈａ．年内苗６７５—７５０万／ａ．最高苗控制在８２５一９００万／ｈａ之间．争取达到５７０—６００万／ｈａ有效穗数．穗粒数为３１—３３粒．千粒重为３０ｇ左右．最佳栽培方案为：１１月３日播种．公顷基本苗以１９５万为宜。基苗肥氮用量１５３．４５—１５９．４５ｋｇ／ｈａ．穗肥氮用量为３７．０５—３９．７５ｋｇ／ｈａ．过磷酸钙用量为３６０．６—３８６．２５ｋｇ／ｈａ．氯化钾用量为１４５．０５—１５９．３０ｋｇ／ｈａ．     

“冈优22”的性状和高产栽培技术

“冈优22”系四川农业大学水稻研究所用“冈46A”与四川省农科院作物所育成的恢复系“CDR22”配制而成的杂交稻新组合，柘荣县于1994年从四川邛崃市种子公司引进试验、示范，作单季稻栽培。一、特征特性该组合属基本营养型，作单季稻栽培全生育期153d左右，比对照组合汕优63略长l—Zd，株高102一106cm，株型集散适中，叶片宽大，功能期长，长势旺，穗大粒多，后期转色好，亩有效把16—18万，穗长23—27cm，每德粒数190粒左右，结实率80％左右，千粒重27．0—27．3g，糙米率82．1％，精米率70．2％，整精米率54．4％。1995年度该组合参加拓…     

豫粳6号高产群体质量栽培技术研究

豫粳６号高产形成的主要原因是：分蘖力物强、穗多粒多。其高产栽培策略应为：在稳定适宜穗数的前提下，主攻大穗，提高成穗率、结实率和千粒重，发挥个体生长优势，建立高质量的群体。９７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２以上水平的产量结构应为：每公顷有效穗数３４５万左右，每穗总粒数１３０粒左右，结实率９５％左右，千粒重２６．５ｇ以上。主要技术措施有：旱育长龄健根多蘖壮秧；扩行缩墩减苗；适时适度搁田；均衡施氮，前后期施氮比例为     

两系杂交稻两优培九高产配套栽培技术

两优培九具有大穗优势，合理穗粒结构是有效穗２４０．０万～２４７．５万／ｈｍ＾２，每穗总粒１９０粒左右。栽培措施应以壮秧和适宜密度保足穗；适期早播早成，在最佳时段抽穗结实；针对生育期较长、需肥量较大的生育特点，搞好施肥和水浆管理。     

水稻高产的产量构成分析

通过对杂交稻特优63不同产量水平的产量构成的调查,结果明确：在闽南目前栽培条件下,每平方米穗数和每穗粒数成为决定产量的主要因素,其二者乘积的每平方米总粒数对增产的贡献率达95％以上,每667m2产量为500、600、700、800kg的每平方米总粒数分别为2．9万、3．5万、4．1万和4．7万粒。     

优质晚籼稻产量因素分析及育种应用探讨

对62份优质晚籼稻新品系产量因素进行相关分析和通径分析．结果表明：各产量因素与产量均呈正相关,其中穴穗数、结实率和穗长与产量的相关达极显著或显著水平;对产量的净贡献率大小依次为穴穗数(39．2％)、结实率(24．58％)、每穗总粒数(17．8％)、千粒重(15．37％)。株高和穗长作用极微弱且为负值。各产量因素问相互制约,相互促进。根据研究结果和育种实践,认为优质晚籼稻高产育种的主攻方向是提高穴穗数、结实率和总粒数;高产(产量在550kg／667m^2以上)结构模式应该是有效穗21—23万穗／667m^2,每穗总粒数160—175粒,结实率85％-90％,千粒重25—28g.     

扬粳4038机插稻700kg／667m^2精确定量栽培技术探讨

引进早熟晚粳新品种扬粳4038在姜堰市沈高镇河横农场建立机插百亩示范方,应用精确定量栽培等高产技术,百亩示范方达到了723kg／667m^2的实收产量,产量构成如下：每667m^2有效穗20．3万,每穗粒数149．4粒,结实率90．3％,千粒重27．0g。     

特优多系1号高产制种技术总结

一、龙特甫A生育特性根据多年田间观察，龙持甫A其株高75～80cm，剑叶长25cm左右，穗粒数110～125粒，每亩有效穗约16万左右，包颈率4．5％，主茎叶片数：春制为15—15．5叶，中制为14叶左右；播始历期：春制约92～95d，夏制平均75d。播始历期随播种期推迟而缩短。其有效积温比较稳定，不同年份的播期之间变幅较小。开花历期8～10d，每朵颖花寿命3—4d，全田花期长达10d以上。抽穗后2d内不开花，第3d始花，第5d进入盛花期（因此，确定播差期母本应比父本早始穗1-2d）。花时多集中在9—12时，午前花占65％左右，比父本约早半个小时，比珍汕9…     

豫粳6号高产群体质量栽培技术研究

豫粳 6号高产形成的主要原因是 :分蘖力特强、穗多粒多。其高产栽培策略应为 :在稳定适宜穗数的前提下 ,主攻大穗 ,提高成穗率、结实率和千粒重 ,发挥个体生长优势 ,建立高质量的群体。 9750kg/hm2 以上水平的产量结构应为 :每公顷有效穗数 34 5万左右 ,每穗总粒数 130粒左右 ,结实率 95%左右 ,千粒重 2 6 5g以上。主要技术措施有 :旱育长龄健根多蘖壮秧 ;扩行缩墩减苗 ;适时适度搁田 ;均衡施氮 ,前后期施氮比例为 6∶4 ,增施促花复合肥 ,氮、磷、钾配比以 1∶0 5∶0 6为宜     

机械覆膜穴播啤麦密度试验研究

机械覆膜穴播啤麦在宁夏淡灰钙土地区条件研究,其最适播种量９９～１５９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。合理群体结构：基本苗２２５万～３００万／ｈｍ＾２,最高总茎数１２００万～１３５０万／ｈｍ＾２,分蘖成穗率达５０％以上,收获穗７５０万／ｈｍ＾２以上,每穗粒数２０粒左右,千粒重４０ｇ,增产４．９％～８．９％,增加效益５２５．６０～９７４．４０元／ｈｍ＾２。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。