盆栽榕树害螨为害情况及其田间防控药剂测定

以福建漳州盆栽榕树种植示范基地为观测和试验点,调查分析害螨的为害症状、发生种类和优势种动态时间格局,测定7种药剂对害螨的田间防治效果。结果表明：盆栽榕树种植区的害螨种类有4个科6个属6种,优势种为桔全爪螨;优势种种群动态时间格局分为5类,依次经历发展期、第1高峰期、衰退期、第2高峰期和越冬期。7种药剂对害螨均有一定的防治效果,无药害,15％哒螨灵乳油和73％克螨特乳油对害螨具有较好的速效性,药后1 d防效超过73.00％;11％乙螨唑悬浮剂、24％螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、24％螺螨酯悬浮剂和73％克螨特乳油能持续     

七种药剂对两种花生叶螨的室内毒力和盆栽药效测定

为明确7种常用杀螨剂对花生上二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨的毒力差异和防治效果,为不同优势种群的防治提供高效药剂,采用浸虫法测定了7种杀螨剂对两种叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。毒力测定结果表明,螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨成螨的毒力最高LC₅₀为1.213mg/L;哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、阿维菌素的毒力次之。阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨成螨的毒力最高LC₅₀为0.044mg/L;螺虫乙酯、哒螨灵、虫螨腈、联苯肼酯的毒力也较高;螺螨酯对两种成螨的毒力均最低。螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨卵的毒力均最高,LC₅₀分别为0.037mg/L、0.005mg/L。阿维菌素对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨成螨的毒力倍数差异最大,达247.8倍;其次是螺虫乙酯、虫螨腈毒力倍数为24.8倍和16.1倍;螺螨酯和阿维菌素对两种叶螨卵的毒力差异较大,分别达12.1倍和11.8倍。在盆栽花生上,43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、110g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂4000倍处理,对二斑叶螨的防效好,药后21d达83.75%～97.75%,显著高于其他药剂;7种药剂的4000倍液处理均对朱砂叶螨有很好的防效,药后21d达97.63%～100%。综上所述,除螺螨酯以外,6种供试药剂对朱砂叶螨成螨和卵的毒力均明显大于二斑叶螨,其中阿维菌素对两种成螨毒力差异最大。43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂4000倍液可有效同时防治两种叶螨,并有较好的速效性和持效性;其他6种药剂目前都是防治朱砂叶螨的高效药剂。本研究为防治叶螨合理用药提供了依据,对指导花生田叶螨的科学防治具有重要意义。     

不同复合肥配方对辣椒天鹰得产量和经济效益的影响

[目的】确定干辣椒天鹰8号最佳复合肥施用配方。[方法】以天鹰8号为供试材料,试验设7个复合肥配方处理,分别测定各处理辣椒的经济性状和产量,并核算经济效益。【结果】最佳复合肥施用配方为氮、磷、钾含量分别为28％、10％和13％,其中,氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为420、150、195kg/hm^2,该处理下天鹰8号单株果重为37．4g,产量为4305kg/hm^2,利润为5．42万元／hm^2,产投比为32．44。【结论】该复合肥配方可大面积作基肥推广应用：     

甘肃武威市凉州玉米产区截形叶螨对3种杀螨剂的敏感性测定

截形叶螨(Tetranychus truncatus Ehara)是我国玉米生产上的一种重要的害螨。目前对截形叶螨的防治主要依赖化学农药。本研究通过室内浸液法测定截形叶螨成螨、若螨对3种不同作用机制的杀螨剂乙唑螨腈、联苯肼酯和螺螨酯的敏感性。结果表明,乙唑螨腈的毒力最强,对雌成螨和若螨24 h的LC50分别为0.033 mg/L、0.070 mg/L;联苯肼酯的毒力最低,对雌成螨和若螨24 h的LC50分别为0.685 mg/L、0.210 mg/L。3种杀螨剂对产卵量的影响均显著。乙唑螨腈可作为田间防治截形叶螨的最佳备选药剂。     

玉米粉醪液同步糖化发酵工艺研究

【目的】为玉米粉酒精发酵提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米粉为原料,采用同步糖化发酵法进行酒精发酵,并利用正交试验获得最佳发酵工艺。【结果】玉米粉醪液同步糖化发酵的最佳工艺条件为：将料水比调至1．0：2．0,料液pH调至5．5,在温度为33℃的条件下发酵3d。【结论】该最佳发酵工艺制成的醪液酒精度可达15．1％（v／v）,为玉米粉大量应用于生产燃料酒精打下基础。     

30％龙灯福连悬浮剂对冬枣主要病害的防治效果研究

[目的]研究30％龙灯福连悬浮剂对冬枣抗病性的影响。[方法]试验设30％龙灯福连悬浮剂和常规真菌药剂2个处理,以喷施清水为对照,研究啧施30％龙灯福连悬浮剂对冬枣主要真菌病害的防治效果。【结果】喷施杀菌剂30％龙灯福连悬浮剂,冬枣树褐斑病、青癍病和锈病的病叶率分别为0～0．43％、0．55％～1．12％、0,校正防效分别为95．92％～100％、98．15％～99．11％、100％,与对照差异显著。[结论]30％龙灯福连悬浮剂对褐斑病、青斑病、枣锈病的病害防治效果显著,而且省工、省时,可作为防治冬枣真菌性病害药剂。     

扬麦12肥料试验初报

【目的】为氮、磷、钾肥在小麦生产中的科学施用提供理论与技术依据。【方法】以扬麦12为供试品种．采用“3414”最优回归设计研究不同施肥方案对小麦经济性状和产量的影响,并通过拟合三元二次和一元二次肥效模型,确定小麦的最佳推荐施肥量。【结果】施氮、磷、钾肥小麦的增产率分别为306．50％、8．49％和4．24％;不施氮、磷、钾肥小麦的相对产量为24．60％、92．17％和95．93％、土壤地力贡献率为21．82％,萧山区土壤氮、磷、钾的丰缺等级分别为极低、中、高。[结论]在该试验条件下,施氮效果最好,磷肥次之,钾肥有一定增产增收效果;结合当地生产实际,确定氯、磷、钾肥最佳经济推荐施用量分别为266．40、73．20、53．70kg／hm2。     

螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯在覆膜金橘中的降解残留规律研究

为评价螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯在覆膜金橘中使用的安全性,研究了螺螨酯、螺虫乙酯及其代谢产物在覆膜金橘中的残留分析方法和残留动态规律,建立了金橘中螺螨酯、螺虫乙酯及其代谢产物的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）检测方法。结果表明,在0.002~2.5 mg/kg添加水平范围内,螺螨酯、螺虫乙酯及其4种代谢产物在金橘中的添加回收率为86.9%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~6.8%,方法检出限为0.1~5.0 μg/kg,定量限为0.5~ 1.0 μg/kg。螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯母体在覆膜金橘中的消解符合一级动力学方程,消解半衰期分别为14.1 d和23.1 d。最终残留实验结果表明,按照推荐的施药剂量使用,施药2次后15 d收获,螺螨酯和螺虫乙酯在覆膜金橘中的残留量均低于最大残留限量值（均为0.5 mg/kg）。     

不同杀螨剂对新疆棉田土耳其斯坦叶螨田间药效

通过田间药效试验研究了常用的7种杀螨剂对新疆棉田土耳其斯坦叶螨的防治效果。结果表明：25%（质量分数,下同）三唑锡悬浮剂（SC）速效性稍差,但持效性好,2个剂量处理的持效期均可达到药后7 d;30%乙螨唑SC、5%阿维菌素乳油（EC）、40%炔螨特EC和20%阿维·螺螨酯SC速效性均较差,持效性较好,高剂量处理防效显著高于低剂量处理;15%哒螨灵EC的速效性和持效性均较好,高剂量处理防效优于低剂量处理;56%阿维·炔螨特微乳剂速效性好,持效性优良,高、低剂量处理的防效差异不明显。轮换使用哒螨灵及阿维菌素与螺螨酯、炔螨特复配的剂型对土耳其斯坦叶螨能起到很好防治效果。     

乙唑螨腈等多种杀螨剂对琯溪蜜柚红蜘蛛田间药效研究

以琯溪蜜柚为研究对象,通过田间试验研究30%乙唑螨腈SC、43%联苯肼酯SC、240 g/L螺螨酯SC及5%阿维菌素EC等四种药剂对红蜘蛛的防治效果,结果表明:乙唑螨腈对蜜柚红蜘蛛的防治效果最好,可以作为防治琯溪蜜柚红蜘蛛的首选农药;联苯肼酯及螺螨酯防效次之;而阿维菌素的防效相对较差,建议与其他杀螨剂复配用药。     

费尔杜德树莓试管苗驯化移栽基质配方的筛选研究

【目的]筛选适宜费尔杜德树莓试管苗驯化移栽的基质。[方法】以费尔杜德树莓试管苗为试材,将河沙、蛭石、进口草炭和珍珠岩4种基质等比例混合,进行杀菌和不杀菌2种处理,研究不同基质配方处理对费尔杜德树莓试管苗生理指标和形态指标的影响。[结果】杀菌处理有利于提高试管苗的成活率和生根率,试管苗在进口草炭：河沙：珍珠岩=1：1：1的移栽基质中驯化效果最好,试管苗移栽成活率可达94％,生根率为336％,苗子十分整齐,叶色浓绿,根系分布深,根细长而集中。【结论】树莓驯化移栽的最佳基质是进口草炭：河沙：珍珠岩=1：1：1。     

鲜美型香菇品种选育及栽培研究

[目的]培育适应中、高海拔,出菇季节广、产量高的香菇新菌株。[方法]采集贵州野生马桑香菇部分分布区域健壮子实体为育种亲本,依据《食用菌品种选育技术规范》,经系统选育,获得味道鲜美、高产、优质、抗逆性强的马桑香菇优良品种。[结果]该菌株菌丝在5~28℃均能生长,子实体适宜温度15~22℃。菌丝萌发,形成原基能力强。除7—8月外,其余时间均可生长。平均产量90000 kg/hm2,生物学转化率80%。采用马桑木屑+麸皮+过磷酸钙+蔗糖配方栽培。[结论]驯化后的马桑香菇在不同海拔地区试验产量稳定,没有出现突变现象和性状分化情况,具有很好的商业价值。     

成品保鲜剂对芍药切花保鲜效果的影响

[目的]研究不同成品保鲜剂及其组合对切花芍药瓶插保鲜效果的影响。[方法]选取进口芍药‘珊瑚魅力’为试材,选择2种成品保鲜剂及其组合对切花芍药进行处理,调查瓶插期间切花芍药的瓶插寿命、花朵直径和花朵开放进程等指标。[结果]保鲜剂组合(可利鲜∶花之寿=1∶1)处理的效果最好,瓶插期比对照CK增加3 d。保鲜剂可利鲜对芍药切花花径的增大有促进作用,而花之寿对切花花径增大的作用不明显。[结论]为花店或切花生产供应商延长芍药切花瓶插寿命提供参考。     

2 %阿维菌素水乳剂的研制

以阿维菌素为有效成份，以起始外观、冷贮外观、热贮外观、稀释稳定性和流动性为评判指标，通过对助溶剂、表面活性剂的配方筛选实验得到2 %阿维菌素水乳剂的最佳制剂配方。最佳配方为：阿维菌素2 %、溶剂20 %，乳化剂20 %，其中乳化剂TX-10：JP001：JP002比例为10 %∶5 %∶5 %。试验结果表明，该水乳剂具有良好的冷、热贮和稀释稳定性。     

Production and partial characterization of uric acid degrading enzyme from new source Saccharopolyspora sp. PNR11

The strain PNR11 was isolated from gut of termite during the screening for uric acid degrading actinomyces. This strain was able to produce an intracellular uricase when cultured in fermentation medium containing uric acid as nitrogen source. Base on its morphological characters and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, this strain belong to the genus Saccharopolyspora. This is the first report ofuricase produced from the genus Saccharopolyspora. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different factors on uricase production by new source of Saccharopolyspora. Saccharopolyspora sp. PNR11 was cultured in production medium in order to determine the best cultivation period. The result showed that the time period required for maximum enzyme production was 24 h on a rotary shaker operating at 180 rpm. Optimized composition of the production medium consisted of 1% yeast extract, 1% maltose, 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.05% MgSO4 7H2O, 0.05% NaCl and 1% uric acid. The optimum pH and temperature for uricase production in the optimized medium were pH 7.0 and 30 degrees C, respectively. When the strain was cultured at optimized condition, the uricase activity reached to 216 mU mL(-1) in confidential level of 95%. The crude enzyme had an optimum temperature of uricase was 37 degrees C and it was stable up to 30 degrees C at pH 8.5. The optimum pH ofuricase was 8.5 and was stable in range of pH 7.0-10.0 at 4 degrees C. This strain might be considered as a candidate source for uricase production in the further studies. Present finding could be fulfill the information ofuricase produce from actinomycetes.     

Effects of homogenization pressure and stabilizers on some physical characteristics of a beverage prepared from partially defatted, roasted peanuts

A low-fat beverage with roasted peanut flavor was developed from peanuts. The potential milk substitute contained 11.8% total solids, 2.0% fat and 3.7% protein, and was whitish orange-yellow in color. The effects of stabilizing additives and homogenization pressure (13.8×10⁶ Pa or 41.4×10⁶ Pa) on selected physical characteristics were determined. Suspension stability was improved by addition of carrageenan [Benlacta CM61-B (CM), 0.02–0.04%] or a hydrogenated mono- and diglyceride [Emuldan HV52K (HV, 0.2–0.4%)]. Homogenizing at 41.4×10⁶ Pa increased viscosity of all samples except that of the controls but did not improve the suspension stability (top:bottom solids) of the beverage. The most viscous formulations (17.5±0.95 cps) were those containing 0.04% CM. Treatments yielding the best combination, compared to cow's milk values, of high suspension stability (0.5±0.03, where 1.0=maximum stability) and low viscosity (3.7±0.89 cps) were those containing 0.2% HV which were homogenized at 13.8×10⁶ Pa.     

Stubborn facts: Still no evidence that the System of Rice Intensification out-yields best management practices (BMPs) beyond Madagascar

For more than a decade, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been vigorously promoted as a method for substantially improving the yield performance of conventional rice agriculture through a set of synergistic management principles that are purported to be accessible to poorer farmers and better for the environment. To evaluate the empirical basis for claims that SRI increases the yield ceiling for rice (i.e. the physiological yield potential), McDonald et al. [McDonald, A.J., Hobbs, P.R., Riha, S.J., 2006. Does the System of Rice Intensification outperform conventional best management? A synopsis of the empirical record. Field Crops Res. 96, 31–36] conducted a retrospective analysis of field experiments that had side-by-side yield comparisons of SRI and current best management practices (BMPs). In addition to studies from Madagascar where SRI was first conceived, 35 site-years of data were compiled from nine different Asian countries. Aside from one set of experiments in Madagascar where SRI more than doubled rice grain productivity with respect to BMPs (140–245% increase), we found no evidence of a yield advantage of this magnitude elsewhere. In 24 of 35 site-years, SRI yields were less than those attained with BMPs and in no case did the SRI yield exceed BMPs by more than 22%. Uphoff et al. [Uphoff, N., Kassam, A., Stoop, W., 2008. A critical assessment of a desk study comparing crop production systems: the example of the ‘system of rice intensification’ vs. ‘best management practice.’ Field Crop Res. 108 (1), 109–114] contest these findings with criticisms of our methodology and, more importantly, contend that key evidence demonstrating yield advantages for SRI over BMPs was not considered in our analysis. The assertion of key evidence that is at odds with our conclusions is false, as we detail in this response. Beyond Madagascar, there is still no empirical evidence that SRI has a unique yield advantage over current BMPs for rice. Then and now, our original article [McDonald, A.J., Hobbs, P.R., Riha, S.J., 2006. Does the System of Rice Intensification outperform conventional best management? A synopsis of the empirical record. Field Crops Res. 96, 31–36] accurately characterizes the global experience with the System of Rice Intensification.     

淮糯12田间品比试验表现及高产栽培技术探讨

【目的】探讨淮糯12田间综合表现和高产栽培技术。【方法】以皖稻68为对照品种,采用单本和双本栽插方式,研究不同栽插方式对淮糯12经济性状、抗性和产量的影响,并总结了其高产栽培技术。【结果】采用双本栽插,淮糯12穗数较皖稻68少18．0万／hm^2,穗实粒数较皖稻68多18．5粒,平均产量为8655．0kg／hm^2,较单本栽插增产20．2％,较双本栽插的皖稻68增产10．6％。田间表现抗白叶枯病,抗穗颈瘟,中感纹枯病,高抗条纹叶枯病。栽培上要注意培育壮秧、合理密植、配方施肥和病虫草害防治。【结论】淮糯12产量高、抗病性较好,分蘖力较弱,适宜双本栽插．