头季稻刈割时间对饲草产量、品质和再生稻产量的影响

为研究头季水稻的刈割时间对青贮饲草产量、品质和再生稻产量的影响，以黄华占、渝香203和渝香优8133为材料开展大田试验，设置头季稻倒4叶期、倒2叶期和齐穗期3个刈割时间处理，分析各处理头季稻饲草产量、青贮饲草营养化学和饲用品质及再生季水稻产量表现。结果表明，头季全株青贮饲草产量和干饲草产量随刈割时间推迟呈显著增加趋势，至齐穗期达到最大值，各品种饲草产量由高到低分别为渝香优8133、渝香203、黄华占。推迟刈割时间，黄华占体外干物质消化率显著降低，而渝香203和渝香优8133呈增加趋势，至齐穗期达到51.3%～52.7%。推迟刈割时间，头季饲草粗蛋白含量呈降低趋势，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量先增加后降低，灰分含量呈增加趋势。再生稻产量表现为倒4叶期刈割处理最高，齐穗期刈割处理最低，各品种产量表现为渝香优8133>渝香203>黄华占。综上所述，如以收获再生稻稻谷为主，头季稻宜在倒4叶期刈割，如以提高饲草—再生稻两季总体效益为目标，头季稻宜在齐穗期刈割。     

应用体外产气法研究柱花草的饲用价值

以10个柱花草品种(品系)为试材,测定其营养成分及单宁含量,并结合体外产气法测定其体外干物质消化率和产气量。结果表明,饲料相对值RFV从大到小的排列顺序为:热研2号TPRC90028TPRC90089热研18号热研7号热研10号907CIAT11362热研5号热研13号;柱花草具有粗蛋白含量、代谢能含量较高,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量适中,单宁含量低,体外干物质消化率较高等特点,是一种优良的热带豆科牧草。     

华南7号木薯茎叶营养价值评价

研究华南7号木薯生长期间6~11月份茎、叶营养成分动态变化及营养价值评价。结果表明,华南7号木薯叶粗蛋白含量为21.16%~31.80%,粗脂肪含量为4.17%~8.28%;茎秆中性洗涤纤维含量为24.67%~39.67%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为23.47%~29.74%。木薯叶片、茎秆鲜样、烘干样6月份生长初期氢氰酸含量最高,随着生长月份的增加,呈现下降的趋势。木薯茎叶的体外干物质消化率为77.74%。结果说明,华南7号木薯茎叶含有较高营养成分,具有较高的体外产气量和干物质消化率。     

刈割期对多棱饲料大麦饲草及籽粒产量与品质的影响

为探明大麦饲草与籽粒双收的适宜刈割期,以六棱皮大麦皖饲麦2号为材料,设不刈割(T0)及分蘖期(T1)、拔节期(T2)、孕穗期(T3)分别进行一次刈割4个处理,比较了两年度不同刈割期大麦饲草、籽粒产量及品质的差异。结果表明,随刈割期后移,皖饲麦2号饲草产量显著增加;饲草粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷含量显著下降,粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量显著增加,即饲草品质显著下降。籽粒产量受刈割期影响大,与T0相比,两年度T1期刈割籽粒产量无显著变化,T2、T3期刈割则籽粒产量显著下降;而品质受影响小。说明T1期刈割,可达到饲草与籽粒双收目标,且饲草品质好;在生产中要保障一定的籽粒产量,T2期后应停止刈割。     

刈割留茬高度对青稞饲草与籽粒产量及饲用品质的影响

为探究适宜于高寒区青稞多元化利用最佳刈割留茬高度，以昆仑14号、昆仑18号和柴青1号为试验材料，以未刈割为对照(CK),于分蘖盛期开展不同留茬高度的刈割处理，探究留茬高度对青稞农艺性状、籽粒产量、饲草产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明，随着刈割留茬高度的降低，各青稞品种青苗饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势；青苗中粗蛋白含量呈逐渐降低趋势，而纤维类物质含量呈逐渐升高的趋势，使青苗相对饲喂价值显著降低。各青稞品种秸秆饲草产量随刈割留茬高度的降低而降低，且降幅随留茬高度的降低而增大。刈割使青稞秸秆中粗蛋白含量增多，纤维类物质含量减少，相对饲喂价值升高。留茬8 cm有助于促进青稞穗部、茎部和根系的生长发育，使籽粒产量升高；留茬5 cm会抑制青稞各器官的生长发育，使籽粒产量锐减。各品种在留茬8 cm时综合经济产值最高，其中昆仑14号综合经济产值最高，为2.86×10⁴元·hm^-2。参试材料中，昆仑14号为高寒区最适用于粮饲兼用的青稞品种，8 cm为适宜于青稞饲草与籽粒兼收的最佳刈割留茬高度。     

刈割对不同类型玉米再生分蘖及产量和品质的影响

以饲用玉米品种科多8号（多蘖多穗型）、普通玉米泰玉2号（多蘖单穗型）和郑单958（无蘖单穗型）为试验材料,研究了不同类型玉米在不同生育阶段刈割后再生分蘖的干物质积累产量及其对品质的影响。结果表明：拔节期刈割主茎后饲用玉米品种科多8号单株分蘖数有所增加,泰玉2号和郑单958单株分蘖数均降低;大喇叭口期刈割显著增加了科多8号和泰玉2号的单株分蘖数,降低了郑单958的单株分蘖数。拔节期和大喇叭口期刈割后3个品种分蘖的干物质积累量均表现为科多8号＞泰玉2号＞郑单958,并且3个品种均是大喇叭口期刈割处理＞拔节期刈割处理＞不刈割（对照）。刈割大大提高玉米子粒的粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量,改善了玉米子粒的品质,并且能够增加玉米鲜秸秆的产量,缓解了畜牧业饲料来源不足的问题。     

玉草2号、川单14×墨西哥大刍草和墨西哥大刍草产量和饲用价值比较

采用裂区设计,对不同种植密度下玉草2号、川单14×墨西哥大刍草和墨西哥大刍草产量以及最适密度下饲用价值进行研究。结果表明,在试验设计的密度下,玉草2号鲜、干草产量均最高,川单14×墨西哥大刍草其次,墨西哥大刍草最低;3种饲草其鲜、干草产量随密度增加呈"低—高—低"的变化趋势。最适密度下饲用价值比较表明,玉草2号和川单14×墨西哥大刍草粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪4种饲用成分产量均显著或极显著高于墨西哥大刍草,其粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均低于墨西哥大刍草;玉草2号和墨西哥大刍草相对饲用价值差异不显著,均显著高于川单14×墨西哥大刍草。     

9个燕麦品种在齐齐哈尔地区的农艺性状及饲草品质评价

为筛选出适宜在齐齐哈尔地区推广种植的燕麦品种，用基于熵权的灰色关联方法对9个燕麦品种的农艺性状和饲草品质进行综合评价。结果发现，9个品种中，梦龙株高达到120 cm以上，与吉利和摩登差异不显著，但显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);悍马鲜草产量最高(49 395 kg·hm^-2),龙牧12号干草产量最高(13 837 kg·hm^-2)。9个燕麦品种的可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、粗灰分(ASH)、木质素(ADL)含量和相对牧草质量(RFQ)分别为10.52%～12.55%、6.58%～9.88%、1.96%～2.83%、32.67%～39.52%、59.47%～68.34%、6.99%～10.40%、3.50%～4.47%、85.00～110.67。梦龙、龙牧12号和吉利的CP含量显著低于其他品种(P<0.05);泰克的ASH含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);龙牧12号的ADF和NDF含量均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。应用灰色关联度法...     

播期对青贮大麦产量和青贮品质的影响

为探究新疆北部地区播期对青贮大麦产量、青贮原料品质和青贮品质的影响,以3个大麦品种(系)(垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号)为材料,分别于3月18日、4月2日、4月17日播种,对其青贮农艺性状、干草产量、青贮原料营养成分和青贮品质进行分析。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,青贮大麦生育期大幅度缩短,4月17日播种时生育期较3月18日缩短22~23 d。晚播会显著降低大麦干草产量,晚播(4月17日)时3个品种(系)干草产量比早播(3月18日)降低15.2%~24.2%,其中垦啤麦13降幅最大。推迟播种使垦啤麦13和甘啤4号茎、穗的干物质分配比例下降,叶的干物质分配比例上升。晚播使P13-3和甘啤4号洗涤纤维含量(中性和酸性)和粗脂肪含量分别显著上升和下降,显著降低P13-3的粗蛋白含量,提高甘啤4号可溶性碳水化合物含量。播期对青贮品质影响因品种(系)而异,晚播降低了甘啤4号青贮的pH值、氨态氮含量,提高乳酸含量,对其他品种(系)无显著性影响。总体来看,新疆青贮大麦在外界条件允许的条件下,应适当早播。     

纤用苎麻“中苎2号”饲草化刈割模式研究

相对于饲用苎麻,纤用苎麻具有品种多、种植面积广等优势,因此开展纤用苎麻的饲草化研究可加快南方地区"麻改饲"的应用和推广。文章以纤用苎麻"中苎2号"为研究对象,通过调查研究不同高度处理下的生长性能、产量和饲用品质的变化,进而确定一年内不同时间段的饲草化的最佳刈割高度。主要研究结果如下:9月份之前,"中苎2号"旺长期的生长速率高于苗期,且呈现先增加后降低的趋势。年风干物产量和粗蛋白产量随着刈割株高的增加而增加,饲用品质和叶茎比随着刈割株高增加而下降。"中苎2号"在湖南长沙地区一年内不同时间段牧草化的最佳刈割株高为:3月6日~4月22日阶段建议为120~130 cm;4月23日~7月22日阶段为100~110 cm;7月22日~9月2日阶段为95~110 cm;9月3日~10月27日阶段可以在60~65 cm收获,如刈割期提前超过10 d,建议在90~100 cm左右刈割。     

Effect of defoliation frequency and cutting height on growth,dry‐matter yield and nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schumach)

Growth characteristics, dry‐matter (DM) yield, chemical components and in vitro dry‐matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Napier grass were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. The treatments were three defoliation frequencies (60, 90 and 120 d after Napier grass establishment) and five cutting heights (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm above ground level). Except for leaf‐to‐stem ratio, all growth characteristics increased with decreasing frequency of defoliation. Similarly, DM yield of Napier grass increased as the frequency of defoliation decreased. Total ash, crude protein (CP), hemicellulose and IVDMD contents of Napier grass increased with increasing frequency of defoliation, whereas DM, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose contents increased with a decrease in defoliation frequency. In contrast, cutting heights had no significant effect on most chemical components and IVDMD contents, although total ash and CP decreased as the height of cutting increased. The CP yield per cut and per day was highest at an intermediate defoliation frequency. The results of this study indicated that Napier grass could be categorized under medium‐ to high‐quality herbage if defoliated at 90 d after establishment in the mid and highlands of Ethiopia.     

6种千斤拔不同生育期的营养价值分析

测定了腺毛千斤拔、宽叶千斤拔、海南千斤拔、球穗千斤拔、大叶千斤拔Ⅰ、大叶千斤拔Ⅱ的粗蛋白质（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（Ash）含量,以探讨其养分含量随生育期的变化动态。结果表明,各种养分含量随生育期的推移而变化,其变化趋势因千斤拔种类而异,但峰值多出现在开花期和结荚期。6种叶片的CP平均含量为18.55％,ADF为38.66％,NDF为47.10％,EE为3.75％,Ash为5.35％。总体来看,千斤拔叶片具有较高的营养价值,其营养价值的高低和生长发育有关。     

青贮玉米生物产量及营养积累规律研究

对青贮玉米不同生育阶段全株干物质与青贮营养积累规律、不同器官产量与营养转移规律、全株生物产量积累规律及水分变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,青贮玉米乳熟期鲜产量最高,随着子粒灌浆和成熟度的提高,全株鲜产量及蛋白质含量有所下降,但蜡熟期全株具有较高的干物质产量和蛋白质总量,具有适宜青贮的最佳含水量,蜡熟期全株青贮后NDF和ADF最低,消化率最高,收获加工青贮具有较高的产量和营养价值。     

Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality

Abstract Sole crops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.), at three harvest dates, representing successive growth stages, were evaluated for biomass production of whole‐crop forage and quality characteristics of crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF), acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations and ash content. These tests were carried out for two field experiments, respectively, drilled during the spring of 1997 and autumn of 1997 on Imperial College Farm, Wye, UK. Results indicated that optimum forage yield and quality were obtained from the second to third harvest dates for the spring‐drilled experiment and the second harvest for the autumn‐drilled experiment. Wheat and bean intercrops were higher in total forage dry matter (DM) yield than either wheat or bean grown as sole crops. Field bean intercropped with wheat led to increased forage quality (CP and NDF concentrations) compared with sole wheat, and higher WSC concentrations compared with sole bean. Intercrops also enhanced weed suppression compared with sole bean. It is suggested that winter wheat–bean intercrops may have considerable potential as a moderate‐yielding, relatively high‐quality, low‐input and environmentally benign forage crop with considerable potential with regard to yield and quality and warrant further study.     

刈割对元谋干热河谷区海狮苏丹草生长及生产性能的影响

以牧草鲜草产量、再生速度、分蘖数等为观测指标,研究不同刈割处理和刈割茬数对元谋干热河谷区海狮苏丹草[Sorghum sudanense(Hay king)Stapf.]生长及生产性能的影响。研究结果表明：海狮苏丹草在干热河谷区具有较好的适应性,在其生长季内可刈割5次;留茬高度和茬数对其再生性能和分蘖能力均有显著影响,其中刈割茬数对其再生速度和分蘖数影响最大,随着刈割茬数增加再生速度显著减慢而分蘖数则明显增加;海狮苏丹草不同留茬高度、刈割茬数对生物量均存在显著差异;就生物量和再生能力来看,海狮苏丹草留茬高度     

收割高度对不同类型玉米饲用品质和产量的影响

在大田条件下分别对农大108和科多4号不同收割始节位(基部第1～8节间)的整株饲用品质和产量变化研究表明：随着收割始节位升高,两品种秸秆CP含量均呈直线增加趋势,NDF、ADF和ADL均呈直线下降趋势;随着收割高度的增加两品种之间的CP含量提高速率及ADL下降速率相近,科多4号的NDF下降速度快于农大108,农大108的ADF下降速率快于科多4号;玉米基部3个节间CP含量低,NDF、ADF和ADL含量高,饲用营养品质差;从第4节间收割明显改善玉米秸秆的饲用营养品质,其干物质产量损失10%以下。     

Effect of N supply on stalk quality in maize hybrids

The identification of maize nitrogen (N) response for stalk quality is valuable in stalk breeding improvement, stalk lodging resistance and for use in bioenergy. This study analyzed the effect of two N levels and estimated quantitative genetic parameters for stalk quality in summer maize in the north China plain (NCP). Thirty hybrids were sampled and tested from three to four geographic locations under high nitrogen (HN) (225 kg N ha⁻¹) and low nitrogen (LN) (0 kg N ha⁻¹) during 2006–2008. Compared to HN level, stalk crude protein (CP) was significantly reduced (22.06%) under LN level. Ether extract (EE), ash content (AC), in vitro dry matter digestion (IVDMD) and lignin content (LC) were lower under LN level. Cellulose content (CC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were increased with a reduction in N, however N did not significantly affect EE, ADF and LC. An increase in NDF and ADF content under low vs. high N level was mainly attributed to a reduction in CC. ADF and NDF exhibited positive correlation and both showed a positive correlation with CC but a negative correlation with LC, IVDMD and CP. Negative correlations between IVDMD and CC, IVDMD and LC, and CP and CC were also detected. The interaction variance of genotype × year × location (σ²_GYL) for each N level, with the exception of σ²_GYL for CC under HN, was significant and most stalk quality traits were evaluated in different locations and years. The estimates of genetic variance (σ²_G) and heritability (h²) were greater under HN, with the exception of LC and EE. The interaction of genotype × nitrogen (σ²_GN) for CP was more important than σ²_G. The genotypic correlation coefficients (r_G) for performance in different stalk quality traits between HN and LN were significant. However, it was necessary to evaluate both HN and LN for IVDMD. For other stalk quality traits, breeding maize under HN levels may serve to develop hybrids well adapted to high and/or low N level. The response to N trend was similar between high oil and normal maize hybrids.     

四大玉米杂优类群自交系的全株饲用营养价值分析

对我国现行的四大玉米杂优类群中25个自交系的全株玉米营养价值进行了初步测定,结果表明:在四大玉米杂优类群中,瑞德群的粗蛋白(CP)含量最低,粗脂肪(CF)含量最高,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量居中;兰卡斯特群的ADF含量比其它类群低;塘四平头类群的CF含量最低,NDF和ADF含量却最高;旅大红骨群的NDF含量最低,CP含量最高。单株鲜重、单株干重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维含量在四大类群之间无显著性差异。旅大红骨群与塘四平头群之间的NDF含量有显著差异;ADF含量在兰卡斯特群和瑞德群、塘四平头群和旅大红骨群之间存在着显著性差异。