扦插时期,光照与密度等条件下马铃薯微型薯生产中的影响

在马铃薯微型薯生产过程中，扦插时期不同，使马铃薯植株不同物候期所处的环境条件不同。     

品种、密度、基质对马铃薯微型薯产量的影响

马铃薯微型薯工厂化生产具有周期短、集约性强的特点。为了达到高效低成本的规模化生产 ,我们在生产实践中重点探讨了品种、密度、基质等因素对微型薯产量的影响。结果表明 ,在较短的生育期内 ,早中熟品种产量显著高于中晚熟品种 ,合理的基质厚度与高密度扦插对单株产量影响不大 ,而单株单位面积产量明显提高 ,消毒森林土作基质在生根、产量、大中薯率、百粒重等方面均优于蛭石基质     

2个淮山品种的微体扦插繁育技术

以"桂淮2号"、"桂淮6号"2个淮山品种的-叶-芽微体植株为试验材料.比较不同生长素种类及浓度处理,以及不同无土栽培基质配比对植株生根和微型薯生长的影响,以建立淮山微体扦插繁育技术体系.结果表明:"桂准2号"、"桂淮6号"2个淮山品种在植物非试管快繁技术大棚内可不经生长素处理直接进行微体扦插,生根率分别达到98.3%、95.8%;泥炭土:珍珠岩(1:1,体积比)、泥炭土:甘蔗渣(1:1,体积比)分别是"桂淮2号"、"桂淮6号"微体扦插生产微型薯的较优基质配方:微体扦插植株茎伸长生长长度分别与薯长及薯鲜重间存在明显的正相关性.     

必速灭防治马铃薯疮痂病效果试验

在网棚条件下,进行了必速灭防治马铃薯疮痂病的试验。结果表明必速灭可以显著地降低微型薯疮痂病感病率,降低病情指数,减轻疮痂病在马铃薯微型薯生产中的危害,而且促进了马铃薯扦插苗苗期的生长,提高了扦插苗的存活率、单株产量、小区收获产量和单株薯重。     

NAA和2,4-D对脱毒马铃薯扦插苗生长及产量的影响

本文研究了不同浓度NAA和2,4-D配合使用对马铃薯扦插苗的生根、生长及产量的影响。结果表明,6种处理中,其中浓度为NAA5mg／l,2,4－Dlmg／l的处理扦插苗生根数多,成活率高,植株长势强,产量最高。     

雾培马铃薯不同品种生长及微型薯产量比较

雾培法生产马铃薯脱毒微型薯是一项新型的无土栽培技术。甘肃省马铃薯微型薯雾培法生产中存在品种数量较少、多样性程度较低的问题,阻碍当地马铃薯产业化发展。为筛选出适宜雾培法生产微型薯的马铃薯新品种,促进甘肃省马铃薯产业的发展,选用4个马铃薯品种,以当地雾培主栽品种‘庄薯3号’为对照,采用马铃薯微型薯雾培法进行品种比较试验,对不同马铃薯品种的形态指标、生理指标及微型薯产量进行比较研究。结果表明,不同品种在株高、茎粗、根长、叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值、匍匐茎数量和微型薯产量方面存在差异。从单株结薯数来看,‘庄薯3号’(CK)微型薯产量最高,‘庄薯4号’和‘天薯11号’次之,‘陇薯10号’和‘冀张薯8号’产量最低。通过比较研究,‘庄薯4号’和‘天薯11号’品种生长性状好、微型薯产量高,适合雾培繁育微型薯。     

微型薯生理年龄对马铃薯生长发育的影响

试验测定了不同生理年龄微型薯的干物质含量、含糖量、淀粉含量及其发芽势,研究了微型薯生理年龄对植株生物量、商品产量及总产量的影响。结果表明,微型薯经过贮藏,含水量逐渐下降,干物质含量上升,淀粉所占比重也有所提高,而含糖量在冷藏条件下上升,在常温条件下贮藏下降。在一定贮藏阶段内,随着时间的延长,微型薯的发芽势逐渐增强,达到一定时间后,发芽势又逐渐下降。生理年龄较老的微型薯播种后出苗快,植株分枝较多,易衰老;生理年龄较短的微型薯播种后出苗晚,主茎少,生长期长。在中原二季作地区由于适于马铃薯生长的气候条件较短,以生理年龄壮龄或较老的微型薯作为种子,结薯个数较多,薯重较大,产量高;而生理年龄较短的微型薯所结薯块个数少,重量较轻,产量低。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗二次结薯的产量试验

为解决生产中存在的马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产成本高、生产微型薯繁殖系数低、造成微型薯价格居高不下的难题,本研究选用两个马铃薯品种(抗疫白和润者),在防虫温室收获完微型薯后,把植株再移栽到网棚,株行距20 cm×60 cm,继续使其结薯,进行二次收获。结果其产量远高于第一次收获生产微型薯的产量,因此大大提高了种薯生产效率。     

不同浓度蔗糖诱导马铃薯微型薯形成时α-淀粉酶活性分析

利用不同浓度蔗糖诱导马铃薯微型薯 ,所生成的微型薯的产量不同。α 淀粉酶是马铃薯微型薯生长发育有关的一项重要生理生化指标 ,与块茎形成过程中干物质的积累密切相关。本文对在不同浓度蔗糖下形成的微型薯的α 淀粉酶活性进行分析 ,其结果表明 ,α 淀粉酶的活性与微型薯产量呈显著负相关     

试管苗扦插与微型薯苗扦插生产微型薯比较试验

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒技术已经很广泛地应用于马铃薯生产 ,并取得了非常明显的增产、增收的效果。但常规利用试管苗扦插生产微型薯的技术存在成本高 ,生产出的微型薯百粒重低 ,在进一步繁育过程中会导致发芽势弱 ,容易烂薯的现象。同时 ,试管苗扦插生产出的微型薯中小于 1ｇ的薯较多 ,这些非常小的微型薯就更难在生产上直接应用。为了降低成本 ,提高微型薯百粒重 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年春季进行了试管苗扦插与微型薯苗扦插生产微型薯技术的比较试验。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试材料为郑薯 5号脱毒微型薯 (小于 1ｇ)、脱毒试管苗 ,郑薯 6…     

Photoperiodin vitro affects subsequent yield of Greenhouse-grown potato tubers

In vitro potato plantlets of cultivar (cv.) Shepody (Solatium tuberosum L.) were exposed to 12-or 16-hr photoperiods for 8 weeks. Plantlets were acclimatized to the greenhouse and grown under 14-hr photoperiods until they senesced, and minitubers were harvested. Greenhouse-grown potato plants developed from tissue-culture plantlets exposed to a 16-hr photoperiod were taller and had more nodes than plants developed from plantlets exposed to 12-hr photoperiods. However, yield data of minitubers from greenhousegrown plants indicated that the 12-hr photoperiodic treatment increased the numbers, dry weight and specific gravity of minitubers. A further advantage of the 12-hr photoperiodic treatment was the greater numbers of minitubers in the 15–40 g size class compared with tubers in the <15 g and >40 g size classes. Thus, for the cv. Shepody, plant height and node number of greenhouse-grown plants were not good indicators of minituber yield from that crop. Seed potato nuclear stock facilities producing minitubers should investigate the possibility of optimizing minituber production by exposing multiplication cultures to shorter daylengths.     

Application of Soluble Chitosan in vitro and in the Greenhouse to Increase Yield and Seed Quality of Potato Minitubers

The aim of this work was to investigate whether the application of soluble chitosan in potato micropropagation can improve microplant quality in vitro, help acclimatisation ex vitro, and increase yield and seed quality of minitubers. Potato cv. Désirée microplants were treated in vitro with soluble chitosan added to the semisolid tissue culture medium in different concentrations. Microplants were subsequently transferred to the greenhouse and sprayed with chitosan solutions or remained unsprayed. Untreated microplants were also established ex vitro and sprayed with chitosan, or left unsprayed as a control. Morphological and physiological parameters of plant growth were assessed in vitro and ex vitro. Plantlet quality was evaluated using a ranking system. Minitubers derived from greenhouse plantlets were planted in the field in subtropical conditions, and growth and yield parameters evaluated. The chitosan concentration most beneficial to the in vitro growth of microplants varied between years. In treatments with the best in vitro growth, minituber number and yield in the greenhouse was also increased. Foliar chitosan application at the acclimatisation phase stabilised the effect of in vitro treatment on yield parameters. The seed quality of minitubers derived from chitosan treatments in vitro alone and in combination with foliar treatment at acclimatisation was improved, giving rise to field plants with increased tuber numbers and yields. The combination of chitosan in vitro and foliar application during the acclimatisation phase ex vitro had a greater effect on minituber seed quality than the concentration applied in vitro.     

Potato Plants Grown from Minitubers are Delayed in Maturity and Lower in Yield,but are not at a Higher Risk of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potato virus Y</Emphasis> Infection than Plants Grown from Conventional Seed

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most important virus in North American seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. Planting virus-free minitubers in place of field-grown seed, which usually has a low PVY incidence, reduces initial PVY inoculum in the field. However, plants grown from minitubers are smaller and emerge later than those grown from conventional seed, which could make them more likely to become infected with PVY. We tested the effects of seed type of three potato cultivars (Dark Red Norland, Goldrush, and Red La Soda) on PVY incidence, tuber yield, and flowering time. The incidence of PVY in plants grown from minitubers did not differ from that of plants grown from conventional seed. Minituber-grown plants produced lower tuber yields than plants grown from conventional seed. Plants from minitubers also emerged and flowered later, but this did not increase their incidence of PVY. Cultivar-specific differences were observed in tuber yield and flowering times, suggesting that this variation may influence PVY incidence more than seed type.     

马铃薯脱毒小薯密度试验及其田间实用性探讨

本文研究了马铃薯脱毒小薯５个不同粒度水平和３个密度水平下的生产能力和种薯的投入产出情况．通过试验，分析和比较了不同处理的主要经济性状的表现．综合评价了不同处理的利用价值，筛选了可用于生产的较好的粒度和密度水平。试验结果表明：０．５～１０．ｇ的脱毒小薯是田间生产较好的粒度水平，合理的种植密度为９０００株／亩。     

土壤含盐量对马铃薯扦插苗和脱毒小薯的影响

马铃薯品种Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ和中薯２号的扦插苗和脱毒小薯分别播种在含有０，０．２％，０．４％和０．６％ＮａＣｌ盐的土壤中，以研究盐对它们出苗生长及结薯的影响．结果表明，随着盐浓度的升高，扦插苗和小薯的生长均因之受到相应的抑制，表现在出苗迟缓、成活率低、植株矮小等方面．扦插苗对盐的敏感性大于小薯，因此笔者认为，从现有的品种（系）中筛选抗（耐）盐品种（系），从扦插苗做起可为以后的田间筛选做好准备．     

营养液对马铃薯微型薯数量及产量的影响

为探索营养液的成分及浇灌次数对微型薯的数量及产量的影响,设计了3种营养液成分A_1,A_2,A_3和3种浇灌次数B_1(两天浇1次),B_2(4天浇1次),B_3(6天浇1次)。研究结果是:选择A_2营养液,每4天浇1次或6天浇1次就可达到低成本、省工、省力、薯块数量多、产量高、大中薯率高的优质脱毒微型薯。     

整薯播种对马铃薯生育及产量的影响

1979～1984年,在黑龙江省北部黑土地区气象条件、生产水平和栽培条件下,通过田间试验,研究了整薯播种对马铃薯生育和产量的影响。结果表明:整薯播种与传统习惯的切块播种相比,6年期间平产出现频率为2次,一般年份整薯播种比切块播种增产9～12%,在春旱严重的1980年,整薯播种表现出非常突出的抗旱保苗效果。在群体叶面积发展进程上,整薯播种表现早发早衰,切块播种晚发晚表,一般年份光合势前者比后者高9.6%,春旱严重的1980年高82.8%。块茎商品率以112.5克为准时,6年平均整薯播种为74.1%,切块播种为80.0%,两者相差5.9%;以50克为准时,整薯播种为97.3%,切块播种为98.2%,两者相差0.9%。     

马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培的地积温效应及其生物学意义

两年的田间试验表明，地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯具有显著的早熟增产效应．对不同处理的土壤温度、地下积温和地上积温比较后发现，地下积温是限制马铃薯生长发育的重要生态因素。覆膜栽培可以提早满足马铃薯生育早、中期对地积温的要求，从而达到早熟高产的目的。多熟制条件下，这种效应尤为重要．     

玉米马铃薯地上部水浸提液对玉米生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,分析玉米间作马铃薯体系中两种作物不同生育时期活体植株地上部水浸提液对玉米生长发育的影响,探讨两种作物地上部水浸提液对玉米的化感效应。结果表明,马铃薯地上部水浸提液对玉米干物重的化感效应强于玉米地上部水浸提液。马铃薯地上部水浸提液对生育期内玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积均有显著促进作用,对茎、叶干物重有先弱后强的促进作用,对根干物重有先强后弱的促进作用。玉米地上部水浸提液对灌浆期前的玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积均有显著促进作用,对茎、叶和根干物重均有不同程度的促进作用;对灌浆期后的玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积无显著影响,玉米茎和根干物重有抑制作用。马铃薯地上部水浸提液处理的玉米穗干重显著高于玉米水浸提液和水处理,在灌浆期分别高出其90.21%和144.60%,到成熟期分别高出110.98%和151.90%,表明在玉米间作马铃薯体系中,马铃薯地上部对玉米经济产量有显著影响。