马铃薯试管薯工厂化生产优化试验

为使马铃薯试管薯工厂化生产,对试管薯生产参试进行了优化。试验结果表明:在2MS培养基中壮苗,是获得试管薯高产的必要前提。在诱导培养基MS+6BA0.5 mg/L+8%白糖液体培养基上黑暗处理2周后放入自然光下培养可提高试管薯的产量。当容器使用220 mL培养瓶时,诱导培养液量为50 mL为宜,并且每瓶放入20个茎段效果最好。试管苗去掉顶部后进行试管薯生产可提高成苗率和试管薯产量。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导培养基6-苄基腺嘌呤与蔗糖浓度的筛选

试管薯的诱导在马铃薯种薯繁殖体系中起重要作用。试验以早熟鲜食品种早大白为材料,研究诱导培养基中6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)浓度和蔗糖浓度对试管薯数和试管薯重的影响。结果表明:MS的液体培养基+活性炭浓度0.15%+6-BA浓度2 mg/kg+蔗糖浓度8%的效果最好,应用该诱导培养基提高马铃薯早大白的单株结薯数。     

马铃薯茎尖试管苗及微型试管薯繁育的影响因子研究

以广东省引种的荷兰马铃薯费乌瑞它(Favorita)品种为材料,研究了从茎尖脱毒分化到试管微型薯诱导过程中的一些影响因素。结果表明:MS+NAA0.10mg·L-1+6-BA1.0mg·L-1为诱导愈伤组织的合适培养基;愈伤组织分化培养时,GA3的最适浓度为0.1～0.2mg·L-1;壮苗阶段,液体基本培养基MS加矮壮素CCC1.0～1.5mg·L-1的效果较好;弱光照比连续强光照更有利于结薯,弱光处理40d后黑暗处理一周,结薯诱导培养的时间为50d左右,0.1%的活性炭对诱导结薯有重要的促进作用。     

植物激素对马铃薯试管薯形成的影响

以马铃薯品种克新3号为试验材料,在诱导结薯的过程中以不同浓度的香豆素和BA进行处理,研究香豆素和BA对试管薯诱导的影响。结果表明,在诱导结薯的培养基中,添加香豆素30mg/L+BA3 0mg/L+活性炭0 1%时,获得的微型薯块茎较大且大薯率较高。     

山薯试管零余子的诱导

以山薯无菌苗茎段为试验材料,研究BA、NAA、JA、蔗糖浓度、光周期以及不同培养方式对试管零余子诱导形成的影响.结果表明,MS+2.0mg/L BA+0.1 mg,L NAA+80g/L蔗糖+5.0g/L,琼脂+1.5 g/L活性炭,12 h/d的光照时间(光照强度为2 000 lx)是试管零余子诱导较优的培养条件.经过2个月的培养,试管零余子诱导率达90%以上,零余子发生个数为1.44个/株.蔗糖浓度是影响试管零余子发生的最重要因素,高蔗糖浓度(80 g/L)能促进试管零余子的发生.     

马铃薯组培中不同因素对诱导试管薯的影响

以马铃薯米拉、威芋3号脱毒试管苗为材料进行试管薯诱导因素研究。结果表明:散射光与适当低温(17±1℃)条件对米拉试管薯形成、结薯数量与平均鲜重均有极显著的促进作用;米拉基部节段较顶芽培养的试管苗有利于试管薯的形成和膨大;培养基(MS+8%白糖)中同时添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA与250 mg.L-1 CCC能显著增加威芋3号试管薯结薯数量与鲜薯产量,而单独添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA或KT虽能显著提高试管薯的大薯率,但平均结薯数量却显著降低,而不添加任何激素的培养基,对威芋3号试管薯的诱导效果较差。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导因子研究

以马铃薯栽培品种Favorite、Atltantic和克新 1号脱毒试管苗为材料 ,着重研究了离体条件下外源激素、碳源以及活性炭对试管薯形成和发育的影响。结果表明 :①加入一定浓度的外源激素 ,利于提高试管薯的产量和质量 ,其诱导效应依次为BA >BA +CCC >CCC >无外源激素 ;②诱导试管薯对碳源纯度要求不高 ,食用白糖替代蔗糖完全可能 ;③活性炭能够明显提高试管薯前期的形成和发育。     

试管薯诱导期温度对‘宁薯14号’结薯率的效果

为探明试管薯诱导期温度对试管薯结薯率的影响效果,以马铃薯品种‘宁薯14号’为试验材料,在试管薯诱导期,研究了温度(13±1)℃、(15±1)℃、(17±1)℃、(19±1)℃和(21±1)℃对‘宁薯14号’结薯率的影响。结果表明,试管薯诱导期低温处理有利于促进试管薯结薯形成、缩短试管薯结薯时间,提高试管薯结薯率和单薯重。在全黑暗条件下,‘宁薯14号’在MS固体基本培养基+白糖(100 g/L)+6-BA(0.25 mg/L)+CCC(0.5 ml/L)培养基上,诱导期温度(17±1)℃,试管薯结薯效果最好,结薯率为100.0%,大中薯率为83.78%,单薯重57.0 mg。     

几种因素对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响

以马铃薯品种鄂薯5号脱毒试管苗为材料,试验了激素、光照、碳源、生长部位、培养方式对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响。结果表明,室温为18℃的条件下,结薯与切段苗龄有关,基部切段结薯情况好于顶部切段,用暗培养,培养方式为液体时,培养基中添加4mg·L-1激素6-BA,糖浓度为8%,试管薯诱导效果较好。     

白糖浓度及光照条件对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响

用马铃薯脱毒苗直接在三角瓶中诱导马铃薯结薯,试图在更少的空间和更短的时间内诱导出大量试管薯,以便于大规模工厂化生产,获得高质量的原原种。本试验在6 mg.L-1 6-BA的诱导培养基中诱导试管薯,通过对不同白糖浓度、不同光照条件进行研究。结果表明,全黑暗条件对试管薯形成、结薯数和平均单薯重有促进作用;培养基中加入100 g.L-1的白糖明显提前试管薯形成期,显著增加结薯数和单薯重。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。