种植密度对青贮玉米品种产量及相关性状的影响

以6个青贮玉米品种为试验材料,研究了3种种植密度对青贮玉米生物产量、干物质产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,不同品种之间生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;不同密度下品种的生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;品种与密度互作之间生物产量和干物质产量差异分别为显著和极显著。龙育1号、高油169和高油115作为优质青贮高油玉米在黑龙江省适宜种植密度分别为7.0～8.0万株/hm2、7.0万株/hm2和6.0万株/hm2;黑饲1号在6万株/hm2时产量较高;龙辐208在7万株/hm2种植条件下,其生物产量和干物质产量均较高,尤其干物质产量最高;青贮玉米品种的青贮生育日数、株高、穗位、茎粗、收获期绿叶片数差异不大,品种之间差异主要由品种自身特性决定。中原单32可作为粒用玉米种植推广。     

青贮专用型玉米新品种科青1号的选育研究

科青1号是中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所选育成的优质高产青贮专用型玉米新品种。该品种中晚熟,春播时生育期为120～130d,收割期为90～105d,鲜生物产量稳定在75000kg/hm2以上。青贮质量优、粗蛋白含量高是科青1号的一个特点,全株粗蛋白含量10%以上。适应性强,具有较好的抗性,可在≥10℃有效积温2750℃·d的地区种植。     

青贮玉米平衡施肥技术研究

本试验采用二次回归正交组合设计,通过田间小区试验研究了氮磷钾配合施用对青贮玉米的影响。通过主因素、单因素效应分析,定量地评价了氮肥、磷肥和钾肥用量与青贮玉米产量的关系,提出了目标产量的最优氮磷钾组合方案。从青贮玉米最大生物产量和经济效益综合考虑其最优氮肥(N)用量范围为308.4～365.0 kg/hm2,最优钾肥(K2O)用量范围为65.5～89.8 kg/hm2,磷肥(P2O5)用量最佳范围为100.1～117.0 kg/hm2。     

不同农艺栽培措施对青贮玉米鲜草产量效应分析

采用3因素最优饱和设计,系统地研究了氮肥、磷肥与种植密度3因素对不同收获时期青贮玉米产量的影响。结果表明:N、P与密度对青贮玉米鲜、干草产量的影响因收获期而异。不同收获时期青贮玉米鲜草产量均以N的作用居于首位,其次是种植密度和P。7月30日、8月11日、8月26日收获,随着施N量的增加鲜草产量无明显增加。乳熟期收获,随着施N量的增加产量显著增加。生产中适宜施磷量为120～150kg/hm2,可相应获得8100～25000kg/hm2的较高干草产量;灌浆期和乳熟期收获,干草产量随密度增加亦呈单峰曲线变化,获得较高干草产量(15000～25000kg/hm2)的适宜种植密度为78000～83000株/hm2。     

高油115生育规律与配套栽培技术研究

通过高油115在北京山前暖区和冷凉山区不同生态区的生育规律观测和配套技术研究,明确该品种生长发育需≥10℃积温3 100～3 200℃·d.北京地区粮饲兼用生产适宜密度为42000～46 500株/hm2,作为专用青贮的适宜密度为51 000～55 500株/hm2;春播高油115的N、P2O5,、K2O最佳施肥配比应为311.25;粮饲兼用适宜收获期为吐丝后55～60 d,此时收获子粒产量高,秸秆饲用品质也较好;作为专用青贮最佳收获期为吐丝后25～30 d.     

粮饲兼用型玉米青贮产量形成及调控研究

试验选用了在四川当地适合作青贮的粮饲兼用型玉米品种川单21、成单22、雅玉8号、燎原青贮玉米2号与从新疆引进的专用青贮玉米品种新青2号作对比试验,研究其产量形成规律及适宜的种植密度与收割时期。结果表明,鲜物质、干物质产量以及果穗产量均以粮饲兼用型玉米较高,其中以雅玉8号表现最优;适宜的种植密度为127500株/hm2;粮饲兼用型青贮玉米的适宜收获期在抽丝后35～42d,专用型青贮玉米新青2号在抽丝后28～35d。     

密度及收割高度对复播青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

以农大1027组合为材料,在大田条件下分别研究了5种密度及不同收割高度对复播青贮玉米(生长期82 d)产量和饲用品质的影响。结果表明:在密度6万～18万株/hm2范围内随着密度的增加产量先增后降,密度与产量呈二次曲线关系;而饲用营养品质却随密度增加呈现下降趋势。产量最高的密度和品质最优的密度不一致,优质时的密度显著低于高产时的密度。在密度9万～12万株/hm2条件下,可以获得产量高、品质较优的青贮玉米。适当提高收获高度可以明显改善青贮玉米的饲用营养品质。     

不同栽培措施对青贮玉米产量和营养品质的影响

采用随机区组设计和“3414”最优回归设计，研究青贮玉米不同种植密度、收获期和施肥水平对产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明：不同种植密度、收获期和施肥水平均极显著影响青贮玉米的产量和营养品质。其中，氮肥对青贮玉米的鲜、干生物产量的提高及青贮玉米营养品质、饲用价值的提高贡献最大，其次是磷肥，钾肥的影响较小。建立了氮、磷、钾肥和青贮玉米鲜、干生物产量，蛋白质产量，中、酸性洗涤纤维产量，脂肪产量的回归数学模型。得出了青贮玉米新饲玉14号在海南中等肥力土壤上的适宜种植密度为7.50～9.00万株/hm2；最佳收获期是籽粒乳熟中期； 预测出了获得青贮玉米最大鲜、干生物产量，蛋白质产量，中、酸性洗涤纤维产量，脂肪产量时所需氮、磷、钾肥的施用量。     

优质青贮玉米品种龙青1号的选育及栽培要点

龙青1号青贮玉米品种是黑龙江省农科院玉米研究中心以自育系H220为母本,引入自交系G219为父本杂交育成的单交种。该品种从出苗到适宜采收期(蜡熟期)需有效积温2550℃.d左右,在哈尔滨市生育日数为115～120d。2000～2003年在各级试验中表现为优质、高产、稳产、抗病、抗逆性强等特点。龙青1号青贮玉米品种适宜在黑龙江省第一积温带下限和第二积温带种植,密度为60000株/hm2左右。     

粮饲兼用型玉米新品种科玉1108适宜密度研究

以科玉1108为材料,设4个种植密度处理(4.5、5.25、6.0、6.75万株/hm~2),研究密度对粮饲兼用玉米籽粒产量和青贮生物产量的影响。结果表明:随着密度的增加,株高和穗位高增加,行粒数、千粒重、单株生物鲜重和单穗重降低,籽粒产量和青贮生物产量呈抛物线分布。收获籽粒的最佳种植密度为5.25万株/hm~2,做青贮玉米的适宜种植密度在6.0万～6.75万株/hm~2,两者兼顾的合理种植密度为5.25万～6.0万株/hm~2。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus，SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种，即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生，十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。