南疆阿拉尔盐碱地红麻的生长特性及密度对产量的影响

以红麻品种中杂红318为实验材料,检测盐碱地红麻的生长特性。结果发现：在南疆阿拉尔地区,红麻生长表现为前慢,中快至高峰,步入均速期后,长速缓降至停止。随着密度的增加,群体的株高、茎粗呈现出下降;其干茎、干皮和干骨产量同步增长,至30万株/hm2时,其产量分别为23.80、9.65和14.15 t/hm2,而后产量增长幅度逐渐减慢;高密度群体的皮骨比值相对较高。     

超高产型抗病适应性广的“中杂红316”的选育

中杂红316(原名"H316")系利用外观性状茎色、叶型相似、经济性状互补性强的红麻品系152和P91为亲本,从数十个杂交组合中筛选出的超高产型抗病优质杂优组合H316(F1),在比较试验中,分别比KB2和红引135增产26.1%和56.0%;干茎产量达21348.45 kg/hm2,比对照中红麻10号增产16.6%;H316(F1)在2004-2006年全国红麻区域试验中,平均纤维产量4171.31kg/hm2,比对照增产14.18%,增产极显著;在全国红麻生产试验中平均纤维产量4339.5kg/hm2,比对照中红麻10号增产12.56%;主要产量构成因素为株高405.98cm、茎粗1.89cm、纤维鲜皮厚度1.24mm、干皮精洗率60.85%、平均笨麻率11.95%;纤维品质经农业部麻类产品质量监督检验测试中心检测,纤维支数为275m/g,纤维强力为332N,均优于对照;该品种经人工接种炭'疽病茵鉴定.烂头率为0.7%、病情指数为10.8,其抗病性指标明显优于对照.表明中杂红H316是高产、优质、多抗、适应性广的纺织、造纸兼用的红麻新组合.     

黑龙江红麻引种品比试验简报

2011年在黑龙江省大庆市对7个品种（品系）开展南种北引的品比试验,红麻株高生长曲线呈单S型,表现为前期一个月处于生长缓慢时期,生长速度为0.89 cm/日;中期一个半月进入快速生长期,生长速度为3.92 cm/日;后期一个月处于缓慢生长期,生长速度为1.10 cm/日。品比试验表明H1表现突出,株高为265.7 cm,茎粗为1.56 cm,叶数40个,干麻皮厚为1.42mm,出皮率为43.1％,干茎25.51t/hm2,比福红2号（对照）增产39.3％,其麻皮成熟度好,抗病性、抗倒伏性、抗盐碱性强。     

造纸用红麻高产优质配套栽培技术研究

本研究探索了红麻品种、播种期、收获期、肥料和密度等因子对造纸用红麻干茎产量、质量的影响,结果表明:上述因子对红麻干茎产量与质量均有一定影响。如从4月30日至6月19日,每推迟10天播种,每亩减产干茎88.4公斤,且其细浆得率随之降低;从9月15日至10月15日,每推迟10天收获,每亩可增收干茎83～139公斤。研究还明确了每生产1吨红麻干茎需累积干物质1.288吨,需吸收 N13.2公斤、P_2O_53.402公斤、K_2O21.5公斤;在每亩留苗1～3万株范围内,红麻群体的增产作用大于麻株个体的增产作用。     

红麻纤维品质及产量与种植密度相关性研究

本文研究了种植密度对红麻纤维品质及产量的影响,结果表明:在密度为15万-27万株/hm2时,随着种植密度增加,纤维强力变大,拟合线性方程y=233.75+12.85x,相关性达显著水平;支数增加,拟合线性方程y=185.44+9.3x,相关性达极显著,纤维品质提高;红麻的株高、茎粗和皮厚等产量构成因素随着种植密度增加而降低;密度过大或过小都会导致红麻纤维产量降低。种植密度在18万-21万株/hm2时产量和品质协调性最好。     

甜菜品种AMOS引种试验

AMOS是黑龙江省九三科研所从荷兰安地公司引进的二倍体多粒型杂交种.2007年进行鉴定试验,平均块根产量50038.5kg/hm<'2>,比对照甜研309增产33.6%,平均含糖率为17.8%,平均产糖量8906.9 kg/hm<'2>,比对照品种增糖29.2%.2008-2010年,参加黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验,平均根产量分别为50965.2 kg/hm<'2>和53942.4 kg/hm<'2>,比对照品种甜研309增产20.1%和9.3%;平均含糖率分别为16.4%和17.0%.与对照品种相同和比对照高0.6度;平均产糖量分别为8440.5 kg/hm<'2>和9181.4 kg/hm<'2>,比对照提高20.2%和13.3%.该品种丰产性好、产糖量高,抗褐斑病、丛根病、根腐病,糖汁纯度高.适宜在黑龙江省的绥化、佳木斯、齐齐哈尔、黑河地区种植.     

介绍一种红麻韧皮纤维产量的简易预测新方法

研究资料表明,红麻的株高(h,cm)和基部离地面10.0—12.5厘米部位的茎粗(d,cm)是两个最易观测的产量性状,也是预测单株产量(y,g)的可靠性状。作者发现了公式:y=0.1(d/2)~2h可估算出单株干皮(生麻)产量,     

红麻不育系高产制种技术研究

红麻是重要天然纤维原料之一,目前其不育系三系配套制种技术已经基本成熟。红麻不育系高产制种试验,结果表明:春播红麻不育系制种以留桩50~75cm,行比1:3最适宜,种子产量达61.38kg/667m2;夏播红麻不育系制种选择扦插茎段高度125~150cm,行比1:2或者1:3皆可,产量分别达58.93kg/667m2和54.47kg/667m2。但春播易受自然干旱和病虫害影响,产量不稳定。因此,建议采用夏播红麻不育系制种方式进行。     

红麻干茎重与株高、茎粗关系回归模型的优化

通过对红麻生长全过程红麻干茎重(Y,g)与株高(x_1,cm)、茎粗(x_2,mm)关系七个回归模型的比较判别,认为Y_i=b_0 b_1x_(1i)·x_(2i)~2 ε_i为形式简单、吻合性最好的回归模型,各品种以此模型建立的回归方程系数变异最小,建立的通用方程为■=1 0.00075x_1·x_2~2,在红麻各时期单株或株系选择时,可对产量指标干茎重进行预测。     

红麻新品种中红麻 12 号的选育

中红麻 12 号(原名"SCS11-D4")系利用国外优良红麻种质(EV71×非洲红麻)F1与国内抗病特异育种材料SCS1复合杂交选育而成的一个集高产、抗病、抗倒、优质、适应性广于一体的纺织、造纸用的红麻优良新品种,红茎、裂叶型、不早花.在 1999-2000 年全国红麻主产区的六省七点全国红麻区试中,平均纤维产量 3565.5kg/hm2,比对照红引 135 平均增产 17.9%.在新品系中居首位,在生产试验中较对照极显著增产,干茎产量 19009.5/hm2,较对照增产 18.6%,表现出植株高大.皮较厚,有效株数多,干茎产量和出麻率均高,抗病性强,纤维品质好.纤维品质经农业部麻类产品质量监督检验测试中心检测,纤维支数270支,强力482牛顿,符合纺织要求.采用硫酸盐法制浆.SCS11-04 的平均干茎纸浆得率为 47.3%,高于对照.人工接菌炭疽病鉴定,病情指数为 31.9,烂头率为 7.9%,属于高抗类型.并于2006年已通过全国农作物品种鉴定.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究

通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.     

玉米耐盐性研究进展

综述了玉米耐盐生理机制和耐盐育种的研究进展。     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…     

Matlab在玉米子粒灌浆特性分析中的应用

利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。     

5个马铃薯品种组培幼苗的磷效率差异研究

试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。