不同药剂防治水稻稻曲病田间药效试验

为筛选防治水稻稻曲病的高效药剂,同时验证在孕穗末期—破口初期施药对稻曲病的防效,2019—2020年连续2年开展了不同药剂防治水稻稻曲病田间试验。结果表明:19%啶氧·丙环唑SC 70 mL/667 m²、125 g/L氟环唑SC 50 mL/667 m²、40%咪铜·氟环唑SC 30 mL/667 m²、25%噻呋·嘧菌酯SC 40 mL/667 m²平均病指防效分别为89.95%、89.85%、87.05%、85.60%,体现了较高防效;75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 15 g/667 m²,平均病指防效为81.30%,也有较高防效;而36%丙环·咪鲜胺SC 50 mL/667 m²平均病指防效仅为78.20%,防效稍差。前5种药剂可结合稻瘟病防治,在水稻孕穗末期—破口初期使用,能有效控制水稻稻曲病为害。     

寒地水稻褐变穗防治药剂效果研究

通过不同药剂对水稻褐变穗相对防效试验的研究,结果表明,参试的5种药剂中对水稻褐变穗相对防效最好的是2%加收米,相对防效61.5%,水稻产量最高,达到664.3kg/667 m2,较对照增产57.4 kg/667 m2,增产率9.5%。     

寒地旱直播滴灌水稻田土壤处理杂草防治试验

选择48%仲丁灵乳油和33%施田补乳油为土壤处理剂对寒地旱直播水稻田的安全性及杂草防治效果进行了试验,结果表明:两种药剂不同剂量处理对水稻安全,水稻出苗后无扭曲、失绿、矮化等现象,且都随着喷施剂量增加平均稗草的个数、鲜重和阔叶草个数、鲜重均逐渐减少和降低。33%施田补乳油150 ml/667 m~2的剂量对稗草个数有一定防效,200 ml/667 m~2有较好的防效,150 ml/667 m~2对阔叶草株数有一定防效,200 ml/667 m~2有较好的防效;48%仲丁灵乳油150~250 ml/667 m~2对平均稗草株数有一定的防效。48%仲丁灵乳油对阔叶草个数及鲜重无防效,但有一定抑制作用。     

9%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂(稻清)防治水稻稻瘟病田间药效试验报告

为了验证9%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对水稻稻瘟病的防治效果、对水稻的安全性,以及对作物产量的影响,特做此试验。试验结果表明:9%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对水稻穗颈瘟有较好的防治效果,于水稻破口期、齐穗期各施药1次,防效为98.53%,高于对照药剂的防效;水稻产量为622.37 kg/667 m~2,较空白对照增产71.99%;在试验剂量范围内对水稻安全。推荐用药量为60 ml/667 m~2兑水30 L均匀喷雾。     

几种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防效比较

通过对48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇、32%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇、10%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇等几种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防效进行比较,结果表明:32%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病的防效最好,而且小麦色泽金黄,颖枯很少;而生物制剂木霉菌和10%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病的防效差。10%井冈霉素对氰烯菌酯与戊唑醇的复配配方有一定增效作用,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 40 mL/667 m~2的防效略好于25%氰烯菌酯SC 100 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20 mL/667 m~2复配的防效,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 60 mL/667 m~2的防效明显好于25%氰烯菌酯SC 100 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20 mL/667 m~2复配的防效。另外,常规使用的配方40%多菌灵SC 130 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20 mL/667 m~2和25%氰烯菌酯SC 100 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20mL/667 m~2之间防效差异不大。     

不同药剂对水稻病害防治效果试验简报

利用对比的方法研究不同药剂对水稻病害的防治效果,结果表明,各试验药剂均对水稻安全,无药害发生。并且试验中30%爱苗乳油用量为20 g/667 m2时对水稻纹枯病防治效果最佳,防效为79.6%;1%申嗪霉素用量150 g/667 m2时对水稻褐变穗防效最好,防效为74.5%。但试验数据为1 a试验结果,还有待进一步验证。     

不同药剂处理对小麦赤霉病药效和保绿防衰效果试验

受耕作制度调整等因素影响,江苏省盐城市盐都区小麦赤霉病的流行频率上升,且赤霉病菌对多菌灵及其复配剂抗性增强。目前生产上防治小麦赤霉病的药剂品种较多,防效差异大。本研究对市场上常用的8大类杀菌剂及其复配剂防治赤霉病的药效和保绿防衰效果进行试验,结果表明:在单剂中,用三唑类80%戊唑醇WP 22.5 g/667 m~2、三唑硫酮类25%丙硫菌唑SC 50mL/667 m~2的防效在70%以上;在复配剂中,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 60 mL/667 m~2、15%氯啶·戊唑醇SC 100 mL/667 m~2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WDG 20 g/667 m~2、28%烯肟·多菌灵WP 100 g/667 m~2、15%丙硫·戊唑醇SC 120 mL/667 m~2这5个处理的防效在70%以上,同时三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇及其复配剂、三唑硫酮类杀菌剂丙硫菌唑表现出良好的保绿防衰效果,绿叶指数在80%以上,可延长小麦剑叶绿色时间2 d左右,千粒质量增加,增产效果明显。     

几种药剂对小麦赤霉病的防效试验

为改善当前小麦赤霉病防治中多菌灵过量使用的现状,对市场上推广的几种杀菌剂进行了小麦赤霉病的防效试验。结果表明:药后28 d,除40%戊福120 m L/667 m2处理对小麦赤霉病病穗和病指防效低于40%多菌灵120 m L/667 m2处理外,其他处理防效均高于对照药剂,48%氰烯·戊唑醇80 m L/667 m2和60 m L/667 m2对小麦赤霉病病穗和病指防效均较佳,药后21 d防效在90%左右,药后28 d防治效果亦明显高于对照药剂。     

防治青稞云纹病药效筛选试验

针对青海地区青稞云纹病发病情况,进行药剂防治试验。试验结果表明:3%敌萎丹悬浮剂4 m L/kg拌种+75%拿敌稳水分散粒剂20 m L/667 m~2,苗期喷雾的防效为74.46%,较空白对照增产13.94%;3%敌萎丹悬浮剂4 m L/kg拌种+430 g/L好力克悬浮剂15 m L/667 m~2苗期喷雾的防效为72.38%,较空白对照增产13.28%。     

植保无人机防除水稻直播田杂草效果评价

通过植保无人机、担架式喷雾机2类器械3种药剂配方对水稻直播田杂草防除效果进行比较评价。结果发现,无论采用无人机还是担架式喷雾机进行防治作业,对禾本科和阔叶杂草的防效相当;19%氟酮磺草胺SC(肯收)10 mL/667 m2+10%氰氟草酯EC (千金)150 mL/667 m2、40%氰氟草酯EC(卫稻夫)150 mL/667 m2、10%氰氟草酯EC (千金)150 mL/667 m23种药剂处理对千金子的防治效果相近,药后7～40 d株防效和鲜质量防效基本在90%以上,并且对稗草有良好的抑制效果。因此认为,在水稻直播田防除杂草时,可采用植保无人机进行施药。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.