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1.
为给不同穗型小麦品种选择适宜种植行距提供参考依据,以多穗型品种豫麦49和大穗型品种兰考矮早8为材料,在大田高产栽培条件下,研究了行距对两种穗型小麦品种花后籽粒蔗糖代谢和籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明,两品种在灌浆期间籽粒可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量和蔗糖合成酶活性均呈下降趋势,淀粉含量则快速上升。在灌浆前期兰考矮早8的可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量以窄行距(15和10 cm)处理较高,而灌浆后期则以宽行距(20和25 cm)处理较高;豫麦49在整个灌浆期可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量均表现为宽行距处理高于窄行距处理。籽粒淀粉含量两品种均呈现“S”形变化动态。兰考矮早8籽粒淀粉含量为窄行距处理高于宽行距处理,豫麦49则相反。行距对灌浆特征参数的影响因品种而异,兰考矮早8籽粒灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期和最大粒重以15 cm最大,豫麦49平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和有效灌浆持续期的灌浆速率以及最大粒重则以20 cm最高。综合来看,兰考矮早8适宜行距为15 cm,而豫麦49为20 cm。  相似文献   

2.
为不同穗型小麦品种选择各自适宜的行距配置方式提供理论依据,在大田高产栽培条件下,研究了行距配置对两种穗型小麦品种花后籽粒蔗糖代谢和籽粒灌浆的影响。两品种在灌浆期间籽粒可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量和蔗糖合成酶活性均呈下降趋势,淀粉含量则快速上升。在灌浆前期兰考矮早8的可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量以窄行距处理较高,而灌浆后期则以宽行距处理较高;豫麦49在整个灌浆期可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量均表现宽行距处理高于窄行距处理。籽粒淀粉含量两品种均呈现“S”形变化动态。兰考矮早8籽粒淀粉含量为窄行距处理高于宽行距处理,豫麦49则相反。行距对灌浆特征参数的影响因品种而异,兰考矮早8籽粒灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期和最大粒重以15 cm最大,豫麦49平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和有效灌浆持续期的灌浆速率以及最大粒重则以20 cm最高。  相似文献   

3.
施硫对小麦旗叶糖含量和籽粒淀粉积累的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了研究硫对小麦糖类和淀粉积累的影响,以国审中筋高产小麦品种豫农949和兰考矮早8为供试材料,研究了施硫对小麦旗叶可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量以及籽粒淀粉积累的影响.结果表明,与对照(S0)相比,施硫(S1)有利于提高小麦旗叶净光合速率,增加花后旗叶可溶性糖和蔗糖含量,提高"源"器官碳同化物的供应能力,尤其提高了灌浆前期籽粒中可溶性糖和蔗糖的含量,促进了籽粒可溶性糖、蔗糖的转化.加速了籽粒淀粉的积累.在本试验条件下,施硫显著提高了小麦籽粒产量和淀粉含量,豫农949和兰考矮早8分别增产12.74%和6.16%,籽粒淀粉含量分别增加4.66%和6.20%.  相似文献   

4.
为了探明灌溉对淀粉积累及其相关酶活性的影响规律,在大田条件下,以弱筋小麦豫麦50为材料,研究了三种灌溉方式(W1:拔节期灌水一次;W2:拔节期和孕穗期各灌水一次;W3:拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期各灌水一次.每次灌水定额750 m3/ha)下弱筋小麦淀粉及其相关酶活性的变化规律.结果表明,弱筋小麦灌浆中后期和成熟期籽粒直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉积累速率均表现为W3>W2>W1.成孰期籽粒淀粉支/直比例表现为W3>W2>W1.成熟期籽粒淀粉支/直比例表现为W3<W2<W1.孕穗期和灌浆期增加灌水提高了灌浆中后期旗叶和籽粒中蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,提高了灌泺中后期籽粒中可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性和束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性.说明增加灌水使弱筋小麦旗叶蔗糖合成能力强,促进源器官蔗糖向库中运输,保证籽粒库中糖源的充分供应,有利于籽粒淀粉的合成和积累.  相似文献   

5.
为确定超高产麦田适宜的灌水时期和数量,在小麦超高产试验田设置不同的灌水处理,研究了灌水量和灌水期对超高产小麦灌浆期旗叶、籽粒中蔗糖、可溶性糖动态变化及产量的影响。结果表明,与不灌水对照相比,灌水可提高超高产小麦灌浆期旗叶、籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖的代谢活性,显著增加籽粒产量。在2009-2010年度小麦生长季降雨量为291.7 mm的条件下,灌冬水、拔节水和灌浆水各60 mm的灌水处理(T5)灌浆期旗叶和籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖含量最高,转移和转化最完全,同时其产量也最高,达到超高产水平(9 923.58 kg.hm-2),与其他灌水处理差异显著。在T5处理基础上继续增加灌水量的T7和T8处理旗叶和籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖代谢活性降低,穗粒数、千粒重和水分利用率下降显著,最终导致小麦减产。在本试验条件下,灌冬水、拔节水和灌浆水各60 mm是超高产麦田适宜的用水方案。  相似文献   

6.
源库调节对小麦籽粒灌浆及光合特性的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
为探讨不同穗型超高产小麦品种的源库关系,通过剪叶和去穗处理研究了两个不同穗型小麦品种“兰考矮早八”和“豫麦49—198”的籽粒灌浆和光合特性。结果表明,两个品种的籽粒体积、千粒重、灌浆速率在花后15d之后均表现为去穗处理〉对照〉去叶处理。去叶处理使两个品种的千粒重、灌浆速率均有所下降.其中豫麦49—198较对照下降最大比例分别为24.4%和22%,兰考矮早八下降的最大比例分别为7.6%和9%;去穗处理使两个品种的千粒重和灌浆速率均有所增加,其中豫麦49—198较对照增加的最大比例分别为11.1%和17%,兰考矮早八增加的最大比例分别为12.2%和17.25%。源库改变对两个品种的光合特性均有影响,表现为对照旗叶〉去穗旗叶〉去叶倒二叶〉对照例二叶。随着灌浆进程,豫麦49—198去叶处理的倒二叶光舍速率较对照增加的比例从40%减为25%.兰考矮早八去穗处理的旗叶光合速率较对照下降的比例从27%减为20%。  相似文献   

7.
为探明不同种植密度对两种穗型冬小麦品种籽粒糖含量和淀粉积累的影响,于2004~2005年在大田试验条件下,分析了不同种植密度下多穗型品种豫麦49-198系和大穗型品种兰考矮早八灌浆期间籽粒蔗糖、可溶性糖含量和淀粉积累量的变化。结果表明,随着灌浆进程的推进,两种穗型冬小麦品种籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖含量均呈下降趋势,而淀粉含量则持续上升。不同种植密度对小麦品种籽粒糖含量变化和淀粉积累的影响存在差异:多穗型品种豫麦49-198系和大穗型品种兰考矮早八分别以225×104株/hm2和375×104株/hm2种植密度有利于蔗糖和可溶性糖的转化以及籽粒淀粉的积累,从而提高了千粒重;两种穗型品种千粒重变化与光合同化物及淀粉积累的变化趋势相吻合。因此,在生产实践中,应针对不同类型品种籽粒糖和淀粉积累特点确定适宜的种植密度,以达到提高产量的目的。  相似文献   

8.
为给小麦高产优质栽培提供依据,在高产田块上,设置三个氮肥用量(90、180、270 kg N·ha-1),研究了施氮对两个冬小麦品种豫麦49和太空6号开花后旗叶蔗糖、籽粒淀粉合成动态及产量的影响.结果表明,施氮对两品种旗叶蔗糖含量及SPS酶活性、籽粒蔗糖含量及SS酶活性、籽粒淀粉积累速率及产量均有显著影响,但影响特点因品种而异.豫麦49在施氮量90~270 kg·ha-1范围内,随施氮量的增加,旗叶和籽粒的蔗糖含量、SPS和SS活性以及籽粒淀粉积累速率均呈增加趋势.太空6号在施氮90~180 kg·ha-1范围内,上述指标在灌浆中后期与施氮量呈正相关;当氮肥用量增加至270 kg·ha-1时,各项指标均下降.相关分析表明,两供试冬小麦品种籽粒蔗糖含量与旗叶蔗糖含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关(豫麦49 r=0.703**,太空6号r=0.530*);豫麦49籽粒淀粉积累速率与其籽粒蔗糖含量和SS活性之间呈显著和极显著正相关(r=0.578*,r=0.701**),太空6号籽粒淀粉积累速率仅与籽粒SS之间呈显著的正相关(r=0.625*),而与籽粒蔗糖含量之间相关性不显著(r=0.121).施氮量270 kg·ha-1时,豫麦49产量最高;太空6号需氮量相对较低,产量达最大值时的施氮量为180 kg·ha-1.  相似文献   

9.
为探究小麦对花后高温的生理响应,以黄淮海地区的16个小麦品种为材料,测定灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,分析千粒重和产量的变化,并比较品种灌浆后期抗高温能力的差异。结果表明,高温处理7d后小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和SOD活性均高于田间自然生长小麦(对照),而MDA含量则低于对照;高温处理15d后小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、MDA含量和SOD活性较对照明显升高,而可溶性糖含量则下降。高温处理后各品种千粒重和产量均降低,豫麦49-198和郑麦366产量显著降低。相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析结果表明,济麦22和石麦19灌浆期耐热性均较高;旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和籽粒千粒重3项指标可作为小麦耐热性评价指标。  相似文献   

10.
为给小麦氮肥管理提供理论依据,选用强筋小麦品种郑麦9023和弱筋小麦品种郑麦004为材料,在大田试验条件下研究了增铵营养对不同专用型小麦旗叶、籽粒可溶性糖含量与籽粒中淀粉及其组分含量的影响。结果表明,增铵营养条件下,两种小麦旗叶、籽粒中可溶性糖含量与籽粒淀粉及其组分含量在灌浆期间的变化趋势基本一致,但在灌浆中后期差别较大,与郑麦9023相比,郑麦004对增铵营养的响应更为显著。在NO3-∶NH4+为50∶50时小麦旗叶、籽粒可溶性糖含量变化及淀粉积累增加最显著。在此处理下,花后24d郑麦9023和郑麦004旗叶可溶性糖含量分别增加了7%和21%;增铵营养对两个小麦品种淀粉组分支/直比例影响不一,与对照相比,增铵营养导致郑麦9023下降了3.2%,使郑麦004增长了1.1%。增铵营养可能主要通过增加小麦旗叶中可溶性糖含量促进籽粒淀粉积累,与强筋小麦品种郑麦9023相比,弱筋小麦品种郑麦004的各项指标表现更为优异。  相似文献   

11.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.  相似文献   

13.
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.  相似文献   

14.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。  相似文献   

15.
Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.  相似文献   

16.
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.  相似文献   

17.
The herbs chicory ( C ichorium intybus L.) and plantain ( P lantago lanceolata L.) are increasingly popular summer forage cropping options for dairy producers. However, the impact of different establishment methods on their productivity is largely unknown. Four establishment methods for chicory and plantain crops sown into non‐cultivated ryegrass pastures in spring were compared. Establishment methods included direct‐drilling or broadcasting seed into existing pastures, with or without herbicide application before sowing in a 2 × 2 factorial design. It was hypothesized that plant establishment and growth would be enhanced by spraying to kill existing ryegrass pasture and direct‐drilling herbs (Spray and Drill, SD) compared with broadcasting seed with no herbicide application (Unsprayed and Broadcast, UB). This hypothesis was supported with an additional 2·1–2·3 t DM ha?1 grown over 201 d from swards established by SD, compared with swards established by UB. The SD method also increased the plant density of the herbs and reduced the proportion of weed species. Spraying and direct drilling is more expensive than broadcasting seed with no herbicide application, but the increase in yield means that extra feed can be supplied at less than half the cost of purchasing the equivalent amount of feed. Therefore, for optimal economic outcomes, chicory and plantain swards should be established by applying herbicide to existing pasture and direct‐drilling seed.  相似文献   

18.
芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。  相似文献   

19.
介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。  相似文献   

20.
施肥对小麦花生两熟制作物产量和品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用盆栽试验,研究了小麦花生两熟制栽培条件下,有机肥(圈肥和豆饼)与无机肥(三料复合肥)配施及单施对小麦花生两熟制作物产量和品质的影响。结果表明施肥不仅能提高麦油两作的产量,同时对提高产品的品质亦有明显的作用,有机肥与化肥配施效果优于单施有机肥或化肥。  相似文献   

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