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1.
内源IAA对杂交稻强、弱势粒灌浆增重的影响   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
 以超级杂交稻协优9308和杂交稻协优9312、Ⅱ优162及其相应恢复系为材料,对灌浆初期籽粒中内源IAA、糖分的变化,以及IAA抑制剂对IAA以及3H 标记葡萄糖吸收分配和籽粒灌浆的影响进行了研究。结果表明在籽粒灌浆初期强势粒的IAA含量以及增重的速度始终高于弱势粒。在开花受精7 d以前,强势粒中果糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖的含量高于弱势粒,之后相反。强、弱势粒间存在的这种灌浆势差异,杂交组合大于其相应的恢复系。IAA合成及运输抑制剂明显降低3H 葡萄糖在籽粒中的分配。外源IAA对幼穗的处理,缩小了强、弱势粒间结实率的差异,使整穗的结实率也有所提高。  相似文献   

2.
亚种间杂交水稻灌浆特性的调节及其对产量的影响   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
 以亚种间组合汕优413和协优413、籼型杂交组合汕优10号为材料进行研究。结果表明对弱势粒灌浆的影响,IAA具有代替强势粒的作用。即使剪去顶端3个一次枝梗、营养物供应非常充足,由于IAA的存在,弱势粒的灌浆也较为迟缓,最终形成大量空秕粒,与不修剪的对照接近,说明弱势粒的灌浆主要受IAA调控,也证明强势粒以“顶端优势”的方式抑制弱势粒的灌浆。  相似文献   

3.
为阐明小麦冠层温度与其籽粒灌浆特性、内源激素变化的关系,2001~2003年对黄淮麦区及河南省推广的30个小麦品种冠温特征、籽粒灌浆特性和籽粒发育过程中内源激素(玉米素ZR、赤霉素GA3、生长素IAA、脱落酸ABA)含量及比值的变化进行了研究。结果表明,豫麦50在灌浆后期冠层温度明显降低,表现为冷尾型;豫麦34和豫麦70在灌浆后期冠层温度有上升的趋势,表现为暖尾型。在灌浆末期冷尾型与暖尾型小麦冠层温度相差超过2.5℃。冷尾型豫麦50强、弱势粒的最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和渐增期、快增期、缓增期的灌浆速率均大于暖尾型豫麦34、豫麦70;强势粒的激素含量变化及其比值变化规律性明显,弱势粒表现的规律性不如强势粒。冷尾型豫麦50强势粒ZR、IAA、GA3含量峰值均高于豫麦34、豫麦70,其ZR/ABA、GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA峰值亦高于暖尾型豫麦70和豫麦34,而ABA含量在灌浆中期上升快,且高峰值大于豫麦70和豫麦34,达到高峰后下降较快;在弱势粒中,豫麦50上述各种激素含量仍保持较高状态。  相似文献   

4.
亚种间杂交水稻协优413开花灌浆特性的比较研究   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5  
 以盆栽试验对亚种间杂交水稻协优413、其父本中413和籼型杂交水稻汕优10号的开花灌浆特性进行了比较研究。结果表明中413单穗籽粒总干物重最高,协优413次之,汕优10号最低,分别为4652.5、4173.9和3194.4 mg,结实率中413和协优413相近,分别为80.8%和83.9%,显著高于汕优10号的70.5%。单穗产量的差异与组合(恢复系)的开花灌浆特性有关,即与单穗颖花开花集中程度和强弱势粒灌浆结实的差异程度有关。对于供试的3个品种(或组合)而言,颖花开花越集中,强弱势粒灌浆结实差异越小,产量越高。还对单穗颖花开花历时作为今后亚种间杂交水稻的育种目标进行了讨论。  相似文献   

5.
 种植4个超级稻品种\[两优培九和Ⅱ优084(杂交籼稻)、淮稻9号和武粳15(粳稻)\]和2个高产对照品种\[汕优63(杂交籼稻)和扬辐粳8号(粳稻)\],观察其结实期强、弱势粒中蔗糖合酶(SuSase)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、淀粉合酶(StSase)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性及玉米素+玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)、3 吲哚乙酸(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量的变化,并测定了强、弱势粒灌浆速率。结果表明,超级稻品种强势粒的最大灌浆速率、到达最大灌浆速率的时间、平均灌浆速率和糙米重与对照品种差异较小,超级稻品种弱势粒的灌浆速率和糙米重显著低于对照。灌浆期强、弱势粒的SuSase、AGPase 、StSase 和SBE活性变化及Z+ZR、IAA 和ABA 含量变化均呈单峰曲线。弱势粒的SuSase、AGPase、StSase 和SBE的峰值活性和平均活性及其Z+ZR 和IAA的峰值含量和平均含量均低于强势粒。弱势粒的ABA 峰值含量和平均含量显著高于强势粒,超级稻品种高于对照品种。籽粒灌浆速率与SuSase、AGPase和StSase 活性及Z+ZR 和IAA含量均呈显著或极显著正相关,与SBE活性及ABA含量的相关不显著。说明超级稻品种弱势粒中较低的SuSase、AGPase和StSase活性及较低的Z+ZR和IAA含量是其灌浆速率小、粒重轻的一个重要原因。  相似文献   

6.
以郑单958为材料,采用子粒离体培养方法,研究灌浆期低温对玉米强、弱势粒灌浆特性及内源激素的影响。研究表明,灌浆期低温分别减缓强、弱势粒平均灌浆速率15%、23%,延长灌浆时间约8 d,最终粒重分别降低3%、9%。低温处理下,GA_3、IAA、ZR含量与灌浆速率显著相关;受低温影响,强、弱势粒的激素含量变化趋势相近,与常温相比,子粒GA_3含量先增加后减少,IAA、ZR含量低于对照,且对弱势粒的影响大于强势粒。低温对内源激素含量的影响是导致灌浆速率降低的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

7.
烯效唑对杂交水稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以杂交稻组合汕优63为材料,探讨了不同施药时期(浸种、孕穗期喷施)和不同质量浓度(0,10,20,40,80 mg/L)烯效唑处理对籽粒生长过程及产量的影响.结果表明,烯效唑对强势粒生长有一定抑制作用,但同时却促进了弱势粒的生长,在一定程度上具有协调强、弱势粒灌浆的作用,降低成熟期强势粒单粒重而提高弱势粒单粒重;使强势粒的终极生长量降低,达最大生长速率的时间延后,从而延长弱势粒的灌浆时间,提高弱势粒的灌浆速率及最大干重;由于烯效唑对弱势粒生长的促进作用,显著提高了其穗实粒数,进而提高了单穗籽粒干重及水稻产量.处理时期不同,其最佳浓度不同;浸种处理以质量浓度为40mg/L时产量最高,喷施处理以20mg/L时的产量最高.  相似文献   

8.
水稻强弱势籽粒核酸和蛋白质代谢差异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 以两系杂交稻两优培九和培两优500为试验材料,对强弱势粒核酸和蛋白质含量进行了测定。水稻抽穗当天,强势粒单位质量子房中总RNA、mRNA含量都高于弱势粒,蛋白质含量却低于弱势粒。抽穗后第5天,强势粒单位质量子房中总RNA含量仍然高于弱势粒,mRNA含量两者差异不大,蛋白质含量依然低于弱势粒。不论是强势粒还是弱势粒,从抽穗到开花后第5天,其总RNA、mRNA和蛋白质单粒含量都有显著的增加,且各时期强势粒都高于弱势粒。抽穗当天强势粒有两条特异蛋白质带出现,而弱势粒没有,抽穗后第5天弱势粒才出现其中的一条。这说明强势粒与籽粒灌浆有关的基因表达比弱势粒早,强度高。  相似文献   

9.
植物激素对杂交稻籽粒灌浆及蔗糖合酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 以亚种间杂交稻两优培九和品种间杂交稻汕优63为材料,对籽粒灌浆期间的内源激素含量和酶活性进行了测定分析,并结合外源激素对水稻籽粒灌浆过程的调控试验,分析了脱落酸对蔗糖代谢关键酶——蔗糖合酶活性的调节作用。结果表明,灌浆前期强势粒中生长素、玉米素核苷和脱落酸(ABA)含量明显高于弱势粒,并与籽粒最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、籽粒充实率和粒重均呈显著或极显著正相关。强势粒中蔗糖合酶活性明显高于弱势粒,且达到峰值的时间也早于弱势粒。籽粒灌浆速率、籽粒充实率、粒重和淀粉积累速率与蔗糖合酶活性呈显著正相关。花后8 d对稻株喷施低浓度ABA显著提高了籽粒中ABA含量和蔗糖合酶活性,增加了粒重和籽粒充实率。喷施ABA合成抑制剂氟草酮作用则相反。上述结果说明,植物激素尤其是ABA对水稻籽粒灌浆有重要的促进作用,其作用在很大程度上是通过调节籽粒蔗糖合酶活性实现的。  相似文献   

10.
小麦强弱势粒胚乳淀粉体和蛋白体发育及物质积累研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探明小麦强弱势粒发育的差异,以大穗型小麦品种宁麦13为材料,采用半薄切片、组织染色和生理生化测定等方法比较研究了小麦强弱势粒胚乳淀粉体和蛋白体的发育及物质积累过程。结果表明,在小麦颖果发育过程中,强势粒的形态大小始终大于弱势粒,在花后3~11d表现尤为明显;与弱势粒相比,强势粒的胚乳尤其是背部胚乳中淀粉体和蛋白体的相对面积较大,充实度较高,胚乳质地更致密;强势粒的B型淀粉粒多于弱势粒,强、弱势粒的淀粉粒径分布均呈单峰型,强势粒中0~2μm的淀粉粒数显著高于弱势粒,在其他粒径范围两者无显著差异;与弱势粒相比,强势粒中总淀粉、蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和支链淀粉含量均较高,而直链淀粉含量较低。由此可见,小麦弱势粒发育不良与胚乳淀粉体和蛋白体发育及物质积累密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
Non-flooded plastic mulching cultivation (PM) of rice can save much irrigation but usually exhibits a poor grain filling and low grain weight when compared to traditional flooding cultivation (TF). This study measured the variations of plant hormones during grain filling and investigated whether they were related to the grain-filling problem under mulching in a field experiment. Hormonal levels in the grains and the grain development of both superior (early flowered) and inferior spikelets (later flowered) were monitored continuously during the grain filling period. The contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) were higher in superior grains than in inferior ones at early grain-filling stage. For individual spikelets, the peaks of IAA and ZR contents appeared just before the peak grain-filling rate but the peak ABA content matched it. The earlier flowered superior spikelets did not show much difference in grain filling characteristics and hormonal changes under the two cultivation treatments. Distinctively with the inferior spikelets in a panicle, PM led to lower grain weight, higher grain-filling rate at early stage and shorter active grain-filling period than the TF. PM also resulted in less IAA and ZR but more ABA contents in the grains than TF at early and middle grain filling stages in these inferior spikelets. Peaks of these hormone contents in the PM inferior grains usually appeared earlier and also disappeared more quickly than those in TF inferior grains. When exogenous IAA was applied to plants at the initial grain-filling stage, IAA and ZR were increased and ABA was reduced in the inferior grains. The treatment prolonged the active grain-filing period and reduced the peak grain-filling rate of inferior grains, similarly as the case with TF. As a result, IAA spraying enhanced the weight of PM inferior grains but reduced that of TF ones. Exogenous ABA spraying led to the opposite effects to those of IAA. The results suggest that the shortened grain-filling period in the inferior grains under PM is related to the increased ABA and reduced IAA and ZR in the grains. Regulation of the ratio of ABA to IAA in grains could potentially increase the weight of inferior grains under the water-saving cultivation with film mulching.  相似文献   

12.
The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and concentrations of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets of super rice were investigated and their association with grain filling was analyzed.Four super rice cultivars,Liangyoupeijiu,IIyou 084,Huaidao 9 and Wujing 15,and two high-yielding and elite check cultivars,Shanyou 63 and Yangfujing 8,were used.The activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase),adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase),starch synthase (StSase) and starch branching enzyme (SBE),and the concentrations of zeatin + zeatin riboside (Z + ZR),indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in superior and inferior spikelets were determined during the grain filling period and their relationships with grain filling rate were analyzed.Maximum grain filling rate,the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate,mean grain filling rate and brown rice weight for superior spikelets showed a slight difference between the super and check rice cultivars,but were significantly lower in the super rice than in the check rice for inferior spikelets.Changes of enzyme activities and hormone concentrations in grains exhibited single peak curves during the grain filling period.The peak values and the mean activities of SuSase,AGPase,StSase and SBE were lower in inferior spikelets than in superior ones,as well as the peak values and the mean concentrations of Z + ZR and IAA.However,the peak value and the mean concentration of ABA were significantly higher in inferior spikelets than in superior ones and greater in the super rice than in the check rice.The grain filling rate was positively and significantly correlated with the activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the concentrations of Z + ZR and IAA.The results suggested that the low activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the low concentrations of Z + ZR and IAA might be important physiological reasons for the slow grain filling rate and light grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice.  相似文献   

13.
Association of Phytate Formation with Grain Filling in Rice   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The grain-filling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemistry composition during phytate synthesizing and grain plumpness were studied. Regarding results for ISHR1,ISHR2, R198 and JW21, with good grain plumpness, the two-step-filling in superior spikelets and inferior spikelets was not clear, while for ISHR3 and 559, with poor grain plumpness, it was very clear. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in varieties with good grain plumpness was obviously higher than those in varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, the content of inorganic phosphorus in varieties with poor grain plumpness was obviously higher than that in varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage was highly significantly correlated with the initial filling power (R0), the mean filling rate (RM) and grainfilling percentage (PGF), and the content of inorganic phosphorus at grain filling stage was negatively significantly correlated with R0, FM and PGF. Furthermore, effective approach to improving grain filling was put forward.  相似文献   

14.
The grain-filling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemistry composition during phytate synthesizing and grain plumpness were studied. Regarding results for ISHR1,ISHR2, R198 and JW21, with good grain plumpness, the two-step-filling in superior spikelets and inferior spikelets was not clear, while for ISHR3 and 559, with poor grain plumpness, it was very clear. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in varieties with good grain plumpness was obviously higher than those in varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, the content of inorganic phosphorus in varieties with poor grain plumpness was obviously higher than that in varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage was highly significantly correlated with the initial filling power (RO), the mean filling rate (RM) and grain filling percentage (PGF), and the content of inorganic phosphorus at grain filling stage was negatively significantly correlated with R0, FM and PGF. Furthermore, effective approach to improving grain filling was put forward.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

To enhance the yield potential of rice by breeding, it is important to reveal the genetic factors affecting yield components in high-yielding cultivars. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for panicle structure and spikelet weight as an index of grain filling was conducted using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between an indica-dominant high-yielding cultivar, Takanari, and a japonica-dominant high-yielding cultivar, Momiroman in 2012 and 2013 in eastern Japan. The grain-filling ability of Takanari is reported to be better than that of Momiroman. Since grain filling is generally better near the tip of the panicle and decreases as the number of branches from the rachis increases, we classified whole panicles into upper and lower side panicles and spikelets into primary, secondary, and tertiary spikelets according to the number of branches from the rachis. On chromosomes 1, 4, and 6, QTLs regulating the number of spikelets per panicle and panicle structure were detected and were most likely identical to GN1a, SPIKE, and APO1, respectively, which has been previously reported as QTLs regulating the number of spikelets per panicle. Takanari produced much heavier secondary and tertiary spikelets than Momiroman on the lower side panicle. On chromosome 5, novel QTLs regulating spikelet weight were detected. The Takanari allele enhanced secondary and tertiary spikelet weight on the lower side panicle. These results indicate that it may be possible to enhance sink capacity and translocation of source with a combination of novel QTLs detected on chromosome 5 and GN1, APO1, and SPIKE.  相似文献   

16.
【目的】为了明确灌浆结实前中期不同温度对晚粳稻籽粒灌浆、总淀粉及其组分含量的影响特征及其机理,【方法】以优质食味粳稻南粳9108为材料,利用植物培养箱控温,于水稻灌浆结实期设置高温(HT,日均温度31℃)、中温(MT,日均温度26℃)和低温(LT,日均温度21℃)三个处理,以自然温度为对照(CK),研究灌浆结实前中期持续高低温对晚粳稻籽粒灌浆、内源激素含量、淀粉及其及合成关键酶活性的影响。【结果】随温度上升(21℃~31℃),晚粳稻结实率和千粒重降低;灌浆前中期籽粒总淀粉积累速率加快,但持续时间短,总含量降低,而直链淀粉含量及其所占比例在整个灌浆期均呈降低趋势;灌浆前中期脱落酸(ABA)含量显著增加,赤霉素(GA3)含量降低,玉米素核苷(ZR)含量呈“先增先降”趋势;MT处理有利于提高灌浆结实期籽粒生长素(IAA)含量,HT和LT处理均降低籽粒IAA含量,LT处理下,IAA含量先降后升,而HT处理籽粒IAA含量一直处于较低水平;籽粒可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性与ZR变化规律相似,也呈“先增先降”趋势,但二者在灌浆结实期并不同步;淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性增加而淀粉脱分支酶(DBE)活性降低。【结论】不同温度显著影响晚粳稻籽粒内源激素含量和淀粉合成关键酶活性的变化,进而影响晚粳稻籽粒灌浆、总淀粉及其组分的积累。  相似文献   

17.
耕作方式对冬小麦内源激素含量及产量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨耕作方式对冬小麦不同生育时期内源激素含量及产量的影响,在大田条件下,设3种耕作方式(耕翻+镇压,旋耕+镇压和旋耕),在小麦各生育时期定期取样,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分离、测定小麦5种植物内源激素的含量,并测定各处理小麦的产量及其构成因素。结果表明,在小麦越冬至抽穗期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、SA、GA3、ZT含量较高;在抽穗灌浆期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、GA3、ZT含量最高,进入灌浆期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、SA、GA3、ZT含量下降缓慢,且ABA含量较低。耕翻+镇压处理下的小麦产量较旋耕+镇压及旋耕处理分别提高了3.74%和9.41%,且与旋耕处理的差异达到极显著水平。因此,3种耕作方式处理下,耕翻+镇压有利于提高小麦促生长类激素含量,降低小麦促衰老类激素含量,增加小麦有效穗数,促进籽粒灌浆,提高小麦千粒重,有利于实现小麦的高产优质。  相似文献   

18.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):223-226
Abstract

In a rice panicle, the superior spikelets display higher growth rates than the inferior spikelets during the initial phase of grain-filling. To better understand the regulatory mechanism of this phenomenon, we examined the dynamics of endogenous abscisic-acid (ABA) levels and the effects of shading on the dynamics during the grain-filling period in superior and inferior spikelets. While ABA content in the superior spikelets increased rapidly after flowering, that in the inferior spikelets increased slowly and reached the maximum later than in the superior spikelets. Shading significantly exaggerated the inherently different ABA dynamics between the superior and inferior spikelets. We concluded that ABA levels are correlated with the dry matter accumulation patterns of spikelets. These results support our hypothesis that ABA is involved in assimilate partitioning among spikelets in a panicle during the initial phase of grain-filling of rice.  相似文献   

19.
为探究不同灌溉方式和施氮量对冬小麦籽粒氮代谢酶活性及蛋白质产量的影响,以矮抗58为材料,分析了不同灌溉方式(滴灌和漫灌)和施氮量下小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量及灌浆期不同穗位籽粒谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的变化。结果表明,与漫灌相比,滴灌处理可显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质产量,施氮量220 kg·hm-2下籽粒产量和蛋白质产量最高;各水氮处理下,小麦不同穗位籽粒GS和GPT活性均随籽粒灌浆进程的推进而降低,花后7~14 d下降迅速,之后下降缓慢;滴灌下,增施氮肥可显著提高灌浆中期中部和下部穗位籽粒GS活性及整个灌浆期各穗位籽粒GPT活性;漫灌下,增施氮肥可显著提高整个灌浆期中部和下部穗位籽粒GS活性及各穗位籽粒GPT活性。相关性分析表明,成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量分别与下部穗位籽粒GS活性、中部和下部穗位籽粒GPT活性呈显著相关,蛋白质产量分别与下部穗位籽粒GS活性和上部穗位籽粒GPT活性呈显著相关,籽粒产量与下部穗位籽粒GS活性及各穗位GPT活性呈显著相关。综合考虑籽粒产量、蛋白质产量及水氮投入认为,滴灌下施氮量220 kg·hm-2可作为该地区小麦适宜栽培模式的参考。  相似文献   

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