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1.
于淮洲  石广跃  闵冬军 《北方水稻》2011,41(5):44-45,48
在运用水稻精确定量栽培技术指导手插秧和机插秧高产栽培实践中,通过对品种适宜性选择、增盘稀播育壮秧、控制多效唑使用量、提高整地质量、改进基蘖肥运筹方法等措施的优化与改进,提高了精确定量栽培技术的运用效果,并归纳出精确定量栽培技术在江苏省金湖县水稻高产栽培中的部分技术指标。  相似文献   

2.
杂交水稻高产栽培研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高产栽培理论与技术对于提高杂交水稻产量有着重要意义。优化杂交水稻群体质量,扩大杂交水稻库容量,提高光合叶面积指数和光能利用率,增强杂交水稻根系活力,延缓根系和叶片衰老,提高杂交水稻库容的有效充实度,可实现杂交水稻高产。杂交水稻高产栽培实践中形成了以精确定量栽培、强化栽培、三定栽培为代表的等高产栽培技术体系。杂交水稻高产栽培也存在栽培技术与我国农村发展不适应,以及与农业生态环境保护不很好协调的矛盾。精准化栽培、生态化栽培和轻简栽培将是我国今后水稻生产发展急需技术。  相似文献   

3.
2003年"春菜--一季杂交晚稻"栽培模式在麻阳示范6.67 hm2,每公顷纯收入达5.4万元,是双季稻栽培的7倍.该模式是城郊农业结构优化调整的最佳模式之一,介绍了其高产栽培技术要点.  相似文献   

4.
<正> 一、水稻模式化栽培的意义水稻模式化栽培是根据系统工程原理及其分析方法,在深入研究水稻高产的生理基础、生态条件、形态特征、栽培措施和高产经验的基础上,制定的水稻优化栽培技术体系,并研制成技术规程,或技术  相似文献   

5.
超级杂交稻的生育特性与超高产栽培策略   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
易俊良  陈立云 《作物研究》2006,20(Z1):376-382
现有超级杂交稻组合由于把杂种优势与优良的株叶形态较好地结合起来,从而使其具有特殊的生育特性,表现在1)具高的叶面积指数(LAI)和高的干物质生产能力;2)具有大穗优势和高结实率;3)发达的根系是实现超高产的基础;4)茎秆粗壮抗倒.根据其生育特性及高产栽培实践,提出了超级杂交稻高产优化群体的创建以及相应的高产栽培策略和栽培技术要点.认为在新的历史条件下,加强对水稻轻型节本相应高产栽培技术的研究也是十分必要的.  相似文献   

6.
早稻超级稻中早22持续高产栽培技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文重点研究了早稻超级稻中早22持续高产栽培技术。在早稻持续高产指标、高产环境指标及其配套高产栽培技术等方面进行了探索。提出“油菜作绿肥,培肥地力;适期早播,延长基本营养生长期;厢畦栽培,控水增氧,增强根系活力”等高产栽培新观点,实现了早稻700kg/667m^2的预期高产目标。  相似文献   

7.
超级杂交稻的生育特性与超高产栽培策略   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
易俊良  陈立云 《作物研究》2006,20(5):376-382
现有超级杂交稻组合由于把杂种优势与优良的株叶形态较好地结合起来,从而使其具有特殊的生育特性,表现在:1)具高的叶面积指数(LAI)和高的干物质生产能力;2)具有大穗优势和高结实率;3)发达的根系是实现超高产的基础;4)茎秆粗壮抗倒。根据其生育特性及高产栽培实践,提出了超级杂交稻高产优化群体的创建以及相应的高产栽培策略和栽培技术要点。认为在新的历史条件下,加强对水稻轻型节本相应高产栽培技术的研究也是十分必要的。  相似文献   

8.
2013年N两优2号在湖南龙山进行了6.75 hm2的高产攻关示范,取得了13.79 t/hm2的高产。总结了其高产栽培技术。改良土壤,创建高产良田;适期播种,培育壮苗;适龄规格移栽;配方施肥;绿色防控病虫害。  相似文献   

9.
20世纪90年代初,我们历时四年对苎麻品种细叶绿高产优质模式栽培进行了调研和总结,找到了细叶绿品种壮(老)龄麻园纤维产量6000kg/hm 2以上,单纤支数1800支以上的生育规律和栽培技术,总结出的苎麻高产优质模式栽培技术经同行专家教授鉴定,在国内处先进技术水平,近年来在我市得到了广泛的应用和推广。全市1400hm 2壮龄麻园,最高产量可达3799.5kg/hm 2,并出现了3450kg h/m 2的高产户、高产片,平均产量都在3000kg h/m 2以上。现将推广应用的高产优质模式栽培技术的产量结构、生长发育规律及主要栽培措施分述于后。1高产优质的产量结构表1苎麻300…  相似文献   

10.
会泽县小春马铃薯近年种植面积在4 000 hm2每年生产的鲜薯供不应求,2009年每公顷产值在1.8万元具有较好的经济效益。为优化种植业结构,提高土地利用率和种植业经济效益,探索适合小春马铃薯高产栽培技术,为生产提供科学依据,多年以来会泽县农业技术推广中心做了小春马铃薯栽培试验,取得了较好的效果,本文主要从品种选择、播种期、种植密度、合理施肥等方面介绍了小春马铃薯高产栽培技术。  相似文献   

11.
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.  相似文献   

12.
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14.
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

15.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact).  相似文献   

17.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

18.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).  相似文献   

19.
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.  相似文献   

20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

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