早熟优质陆地棉新品种——新农大棉4号的选育及栽培技术

新农大棉4号是2019年通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定的早熟、优质陆地棉新品种。本文介绍了新农大棉4号的选育过程、特征特性、产量、纤维品质及栽培技术要点。     

早熟优质陆地棉新品种——新农大棉4号的选育及栽培技术

新农大棉4号是2019年通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定的早熟、优质陆地棉新品种。本文介绍了新农大棉4号的选育过程、特征特性、产量、纤维品质及栽培技术要点。     

高产、优质绿色棉新品种——新彩棉27号的选育

新彩棉27号（原品系名为金垦绿2号）由新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所、新疆农垦科学院新垦棉业科技开发部及新疆西域绿洲种业科技有限公司联合协作,以石彩5号为母本,以自育丰产优质抗病品系D150为父本进行杂交,通过多年的病地定向选择、抗性鉴定、南繁加代、品质检测、品比试验、多点试验选择培育而成的绿色棉。2013年8月通过新疆维吾尔自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名为新彩棉27号,审定编号：新审棉2013年57号。     

早熟、抗病棉花新棉3号选育与栽培技术

新棉3号是2016年12月通过甘肃省审定的早熟、抗病棉花新品种。概述了新棉3号的亲本特点、选育过程、特征特性和适宜区域，总结了栽培技术要点。     

棉花新品种——豫棉1号

豫棉1号原名新棉278,是1981年12月河南省农作物品种审定委员会第二次全体会议审定合格,正式命名为豫棉1号,并决定在河南省推广;1982年种植面积约40万亩。一、选育经过。豫棉1号是以陕棉4号为母本,刘庄1号(中棉所3号选系)为父本,杂交选育而成。1974年于杂交三代中选     

机采棉新陆早61号的推广应用及栽培要点

<正>新陆早61号(原代号新石H4)属早熟陆地棉品种。2003年新疆石河子棉花研究所以HB8为母本、早熟棉品系013为父本配制组合,经南繁北育、病圃定向选育而成。2009-2011年参加新疆维吾尔自治区早熟棉预备试验、区域试验,2012年参加新疆维吾尔自治区早熟组棉花品种生产试验。2013年10月通过审定,审定编号为新审棉2013年39号。     

抗病丰产优质长绒棉新海37号的选育

新海37号(05917)是新疆兵团农一师农科所与新疆塔里木河种业股份有限公司合作选育的抗病、丰产、优质长绒棉新品种。2011年4月通过新疆维吾尔自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为:新审棉2011年50号。     

杂交棉新品种——新陆中29

新陆中29(新杂棉一号)系新疆优质杂交棉有限公司以具同源的J95-8为母本、11-6为父本配制的杂交F2代种.1998年配组合,1999-2000年进行新组合筛选评价试验,2002-2003年参加新疆南疆地区试验示范,2004-2005年参加了新疆维吾尔自治区品种区域试验及大面积生产试验,2006年2月通过新疆维吾尔自治区品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为新审棉(2006)年65号.     

抗病丰产优质长绒棉新海38号的选育

1选育过程 2001年以抗病优质新品系301(314×新海15号)为母本,以丰产优质品系107为父本杂交,经过连续多年在重病田进行定向选择,并在海南加代选育新品系,2004-2006年进行品系比较试验,该品系抗病性、丰产性、品质均表现较好.2007年参加自治区南疆早熟组长绒棉预备试验;2008-2009年参加自治区南疆早熟组长绒棉区域试验;2010年参加自治区南疆早熟组长绒棉生产试验.2011年4月通过新疆维吾尔自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为:新审棉2011年51号.     

新陆早46号在石河子的种植表现及栽培要点

新陆早46号(原代号新石k10)是新疆石河子棉花研究所选育的早熟陆地棉新品种,2010年2月通过新疆维吾尔自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名[新审棉2010年38号]。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

WTO与茶叶--法治、创新、流通、标准、茶协

本文从以法治茶;科技创新,以新品种、新技术、新机械设备,促使茶产品"升级换代;搞活流通;建立"茶市场",规范管理;实施标准,创立名牌;发挥协会、学会、商会的作用.由政府牵头,调动官、企、产、学、研各方面力量,建设浙茶为现代化、产业化的强省,为"入世"作好积极的准备.     

Ester and ether linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and lignins from wheat,rice, rye,and barley straws,maize stems,and fast-growing poplar wood

Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied.     

Plant population,planting date,and germplasm effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin yields

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha^?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha^?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha^?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Structure Elucidation of New Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides A,B, C,D, and E,and Non-Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides F and G,from the Viscera of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni

Sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. Among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. In this study, MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of H. lessoni. Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group. The presence of the O-acetyl group was confirmed by observing the mass transition of 60 u corresponding to the loss of a molecule of acetic acid. Ion fingerprints from the glycosidic cleavage provided information on the mass of the aglycone (core), and the sequence and type of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar moiety. The tandem mass spectra of the saponin precursor ions [M + Na]⁺ provided a wealth of detailed structural information on the glycosidic bond cleavages. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, we characterized the structure of five new acetylated saponins, Lessoniosides A–E, along with two non-acetylated saponins Lessoniosides F and G at m/z 1477.7, which are promising candidates for future drug development. The presented strategy allows a rapid, reliable and complete analysis of native saponins.     

Fucanomics and galactanomics: marine distribution, medicinal impact, conceptions, and challenges

Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development.     

Temperature,cyanide, and oxygen effects on the respiration,chip color,sugars, and organic acids of stored tubers

The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO₂ production of tubers stored in 20% O₂. At 1°C in 20% O₂, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO₂ production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O₂ blocked the increase in CO₂ production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O₂. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR.