荆州区超级稻推广示范总结

2008年荆州区实行超级稻推广示范项目,804.9 hm~2 Y两优1号理论产量11.39 t/hm~2,实收产量9.92 t/hm~2.对2008年超级稻推广示范进行了总结.     

江苏超级稻示范推广成效与举措

江苏省以保障粮食安全和提升水稻综合生产能力为战略目标,以选育高产优质超级稻为核心,注重超级稻的示范与推广工作。采取技术创新与品种选育、技术研究与示范推广、资源整合和项目扶持、推广机制创新和量化考核措施相结合的方式促进超级稻示范与推广工作的顺利完成,提高超级稻生产水平。     

浙江省超级稻示范推广成效与经验

浙江省从2005年开始组织开展超级稻示范推广,通过超级稻集成技术创新和完善示范推广运行机制,带动绿色高产优质超级稻品种及其核心配套技术的应用,促进了全省水稻生产增产增收。本文通过总结近几年浙江省超级稻示范推广工作的做法和经验,对下一步超级稻示范推广工作提出对策建议。     

新闻集锦

●农业部明年起实施超级稻示范推广计划2004年8月24日,农业部科教司组织江苏、安徽、广东、福建、浙江、江西、湖南、湖北、四川、重庆、辽宁和吉林共12个超级稻主产省召开超级稻示范推广工作座谈会,提出从2005年开始启动超级稻示范推广计划,明确了超级稻的发展方向、推广思路、要求和明年的推广目标。超级稻发展方向是加强推广第一期超级稻,深化研究第二期超级稻,探索储备第三期超级稻;推广思路是以抓超级稻为主线,带动优质稻的发展;推广要求是政府牵头,联合科研、教学、推广、企业等部门,充分调动各方积极性,发挥各自的资源优势,协作攻关,…     

“超级稻协优9308的选育、技术集成研究、示范与推广”成果国际领先

２００２年１２月２８日 ,由浙江省科技厅组织 ,邀请福建省农业科学院院长谢华安研究员、浙江大学夏英武教授等专家组成的鉴定委员会 ,对中国水稻研究所主持完成的“超级稻协优９３０８的选育、超高产生理基础研究及生产集成技术的示范与推广”成果进行了鉴定。“超级稻协优９３０８的选育、超高产生理基础研究及生产集成技术的示范与推广”成果利用籼粳中间型亲本、形态指数和籼粳特异分子标记检测等 ,育成籼粳亚种间优质三系超级稻组合协优９３０８;提出了以单茎 (蘖)生物产量优势为基础 ,茎蘖顶端优势、粒间顶端优势和根系顶端优势为中心…     

湖南超级稻生产现状与发展探讨

介绍了全国及湖南超级稻生产现状和发展前景。我国超级稻发展始终处于世界领先水平。农业部制定了超级稻研究与推广6年规划，从2005年开始实施超级稻发展的“6236工程”。超级稻第三期超高产计划已在湖南启动，湖南超级稻已走向产业化。提出了湖南示范推广超级稻的行政措施与技术措施。     

黑龙江寒地超级稻综合栽培技术集成研究示范

重点研究了＂选育示范推广超级稻品种、工厂化旱育秧技术、超早钵育苗技术、合理稀植技术、科学控灌技术、平稳施肥技术、病虫害综合防治技术、水稻生育动态监测分析技术＂等寒地超级稻栽培技术在黑龙江基地县的应用效果,并进行集成组装和创新,实现技术模式化、标准化、轻简化,便于示范推广。     

21个品种被确认为超级稻示范推广品种

据农业部办公厅关于发布第一批超级稻示范推广确认品种的通知，按照农业部制定的《超级稻品种确认办法（试行）》（农办科[2005]39号），结合超级稻品种选育与示范推广工作情况，农业部组织专家对各省（市、区）申报的品种进行了评审，天优122等21个品种被确认为超级稻示范推广品种（详见表1）。     

农业“五新”技术在超级稻生产上的应用

建阳市开展超级稻栽培示范与推广多年,总结了新品种、新技术、新机具、新肥料、新农药等"农业五新"技术在超级稻生产示范上的应用,发挥出良种配套良法,增产优势明显的优点。     

推广超级稻提高粮食生产水平

从超级稻试验示范实践所显示的显著增产潜力出发,论述了推广超级稻的必要性和可行性,并针对超级稻的生长特点,提出了推广超级稻的对策和措施.     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。