海南粗榧外植体灭菌方法研究

以海南粗榧(Cephalotaxus mannii Hk.f.)的枝条、叶为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导,采用升汞、次氯酸钠与臭氧为消毒剂,探讨不同灭菌方法对海南粗榧外植体污染和细胞活性的影响。结果表明,以升汞与臭氧复合处理的灭菌方法最佳,最佳灭菌条件为:75%酒精灭菌1 min,臭氧灭菌30 min,再用0.1%HgCl2溶液灭菌10 min。在此条件下,外植体污染率5%,愈伤组织诱导率95%,外植体细胞活力比对照提高38%。     

桃豫农矮砧1号外植体灭菌方法的研究

[目的]为桃豫农矮砧1号愈伤组织的培养奠定基础。[方法]试验通过75%乙醇与升汞、次氯酸钠、消毒片的不同浓度不同时间组合对桃豫农矮砧1号叶片灭菌效果的比较,探讨合理有效的灭菌方法。[结果]结果表明,75%乙醇与不同浓度的消毒片混合使用的灭菌效果要明显好于75%乙醇与其他灭菌剂混合使用的灭菌效果。其中以75%乙醇灭菌30 s,5.0 g/L消毒片处理8 min效果最好。[结论]桃豫农矮砧1号外植体灭菌以75%乙醇灭菌30 s,5.0 g/L消毒片处理8min效果最好。     

油棕高效胚培养技术研究

分析不同灭菌时间和外植体的处理方式对油棕种子无菌苗获得效率的影响,为其高效的组织培养奠定基础。结果表明：以75%酒精处理1 min,再用0.1%升汞处理30～40 min对油棕种子的灭菌效果最好。灭菌后的种子去除胚乳后将胚接种于MS 培养基上,其出苗率最高,可达100%;接种后15 d即可获得无菌苗,成苗率最高达88.9%。胚在光照及黑暗条件下均可萌发,但苗的生长需要光照条件。该方法适合油棕无菌苗的获得,也可为其它科属中种壳坚硬种子无菌苗的获得提供参考。     

紫色马铃薯离体培养芽诱导因子研究

[目的]应用组织培养技术对紫色马铃薯进行离体培养芽诱导研究,以建立紫色马铃薯离体培养技术体系。[方法]以紫色马铃薯芽为外植体,进行不同的灭菌处理、基本培养基、蔗糖浓度和培养温度的比较试验,筛选紫色马铃薯芽诱导的适宜因子。[结果]试验结果表明:适宜的芽外植体灭菌处理为75%酒精10 s+0.1%升汞10 min,芽诱导成活率为45.56%;适宜的基本培养基是MS培养基,芽诱导成活率为48.89%;适宜的蔗糖浓度是30g/L,芽诱导成活率为58.89%;适宜的培养温度是25℃,芽诱导成活率为54.44%。[结论]研究结果为紫色马铃薯快速繁殖提供了技术参考。     

不同品种马铃薯试管苗诱导形成微型小薯试验研究

运用正交设计，对叶底红叶片外植物体进行不同消毒方法的灭菌效果比较和愈伤组织的诱导研究。结果表明，其最佳灭菌措施为：自来水冲洗60 min、0.1%升汞浸泡25 min、次氯酸钠20 min。     

番木瓜（Carica papaya L．）外植体消毒方法

研究了消毒剂组合、消毒时间及热水处理对优良番木瓜成龄株芽的消毒效果，结果表明，番木瓜外植体采用75％酒精-15％次氯酸钠-0．1％升汞消毒剂组合，且0．1％升汞消毒时间为17min时，消毒效果最好。在使用消毒剂前，采用热水处理番木瓜外植体，可以降低污染率。     

花生不同品种外植体培养芽诱导的研究

实验比较了11个花生品种在MS和1/2 MS培养基中萌发情况,及其在4种芽诱导培养基中的叶段芽诱导率并观察了70%酒精和0.1%升汞不同处理时间的灭菌效果及其对种子萌发的影响.结果表明花生种子用酒精处理20～30 s和升汞处理10～12min灭菌效果理想,萌发率高;种子萌发率在1/2MS培养基中要比MS培养基高;芽诱导率以汕油523最高,在芽诱导培养基1中为93.1%,汕油31最差,在芽诱导培养基2中仅为9.5%.     

三重处理法获得大麻种子无菌苗研究

研究不同灭菌方式对大麻种子无菌苗的影响.结果表明:大麻种子灭菌以三重处理法为佳,即硫酸处理20min,75%酒精处理2min,3%次氯酸钠处理20min最好.灭菌后的种子剥去种皮接种于MS培养基上效果明显好于不剥种皮.不同大麻品种污染率和发芽率有一定差异.     

羽裂报春苣苔的组织培养研究

以羽裂报春苣苔的叶片为外植体,通过研究不同灭菌方法、不同植物生长调节剂种类和浓度对组织培养的影响,建立了羽裂报春苣苔的组织培养体系。结果表明:羽裂报春苣苔适宜的外植体灭菌方法为采用75%酒精灭菌20 s,无菌水冲洗3次;然后用0.1%升汞灭菌6 min,无菌水冲洗3次;再用0.1%升汞灭菌6 min,无菌水冲洗3次,成活率为55.40%。不定芽的诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0~2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01~0.10 mg/L,诱导率达100.00%。在适宜的增殖培养基MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+活性炭0.1 g/L上,增殖系数高达8.61;在生根培养基MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+活性炭0.1 g/L上,生根率达100.00%,生根时间为19.10 d。移栽基质为泥炭∶珍珠岩∶河沙=4∶1∶1(V∶V∶V),移栽成活率为99.60%。     

二氧化氯对剑麻外植体材料消毒的应用研究

为建立高效、环保的剑麻无菌繁殖技术,以H.11648剑麻的珠芽为外植体,以1 000 mg/L HgCl2溶液对外植体材料浸泡消毒灭菌20 min作对照,以不同浓度的ClO2溶液对外植体材料进行不同时间的浸泡消毒灭菌试验。结果表明,500~3 000 mg/L ClO2溶液对剑麻珠芽外植体浸泡消毒20~50 min,可显著降低培养材料的污染率,外植体生长好,腋芽萌动快,腋芽萌发率在14.175%~47.335%,显著高于对照的4.340%,最初3次继代的增殖率为5.685~11.325倍,显著高于对照的3.040倍。剑麻珠芽外植体材料消毒灭菌的最适宜方法是1 000 mg/LClO2溶液浸泡消毒30 min。     

多小叶大豆种质

对三份多小叶大豆种质进行评价,结果表明：三份多小叶种质的小叶数分别占大豆总叶片数的46．7％、75．3％、68．2％。多小叶的小叶数以5小叶居多,分别占总叶片数的30．6％、21．1％、31．1％。三份多小叶种质的农艺及产量性状较好,蛋白质含量高,中抗大豆灰斑病及病毒病,是优异的大豆种质资源。     

Orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass with applied nitrogen and in mixtures with legumes

High-yielding grass-legume mixtures play an important role in forage-animal systems but finding compatible and adapted species can sometimes be difficult. The objective of this study was to examine productivity of perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass in pure stands with N and in mixtures with legumes.
Broadcast sowings were made on conventionally prepared seedbeds in August 1979 and May 1980 on a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed mesic Typic Hapludalf). When sown alone orchardgrass cv. Pennlate and perennial ryegrass cv. Reveille received rates of N ranging from 0 to 448 kg ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. The grasses were also grown in mixtures with alfalfa cv. Arc, red clover cv. Arlington, or birds foot trefoil cv. Viking. The same legumes were sown alone. Four legume seed rates were used in both the pure legume and mixed stands.
Orchardgrass-N swards were more productive than ryegrass-N swards over 3 years. More dry matter (DM) was harvested from pure stands of     

Microbial Oligosaccharides with Biomedical Applications

Microbial oligosaccharides have been regarded as one of the most appealing natural products attributable to their potent and selective bioactivities, such as antimicrobial activity, inhibition of α-glucosidases and lipase, interference of cellular recognition and signal transduction, and disruption of cell wall biosynthesis. Accordingly, a handful of bioactive oligosaccharides have been developed for the treatment of bacterial infections and type II diabetes mellitus. Given that naturally occurring oligosaccharides have increasingly gained recognition in recent years, a comprehensive review is needed. The current review highlights the chemical structures, biological activities and divergent biosynthetic origins of three subgroups of oligomers including the acarviosine-containing oligosaccharides, saccharomicins, and orthosomycins.     

色谱法制备茶氨酸的研究

本文对茶氨酸在制备色谱分离时其在反相C18色谱分离柱上的热力学及动力学色谱行为进行了研究。采用前沿分析法对其吸附等温线进行表征,对其在不同超载方式和超载程度时的超载点进行定量表达;并研究在超载状态下茶氨酸的各分离参数的变化关系及其对分离操作条件的影响。结果表明,为提高茶氨酸产率,以采用体积超载方式为好,并可采用峰宽对体积超载进行表征,当W增宽15%~20%时,表示色谱柱处于体积超载状态;为提高制备量,可采用较大颗粒的填料。     

Performance of Granular Starch with Controlled Pore Size during Hydrolysis with Digestive Enzymes

Studies on porous starch have been directed to explore different industrial applications as bio-adsorbents of a variety of compounds. However, the analysis of starch digestibility is essential for food application. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of porous structure on in vitro starch digestibility. Porous starches were obtained using a range of concentrations of amyloglucosidase (AMG), α-amylase (AM), cyclodextrin-glycosyltransferase (CGTase) or branching enzyme (BE). Porous starches exhibited major content of digestible starch (DS) that increased with the intensity of the enzymatic treatment, and very low amount of resistant starch (RS). Porous starches behaved differently during in vitro hydrolysis depending on their enzymatic treatment. AMG was the unique treatment that increased the digestive amylolysis and estimated glycemic index, whereas AM, CGTase and BE reduced them. A significant relationship was found between the pore size and the severity of the amylolysis, suggesting that a specific pore size is required for the accessibility of the digestive amylase. Therefore, pore size in the starch surface was a limiting factor for digestion of starch granules.     

高产花生理想株型的研究

粮食安全是涉及国家稳定和发展的重大战略问题。花生作为重要的油料作物,对解决我国油料供应矛盾具有重要作用。近年来,我国花生产业得到稳步提高,花生育种工作也得到了长足发展,但以目前花生生产状况而言,若要进一步发挥花生生产潜力、提高花生产量,须要借鉴小麦、水稻和玉米三大作物的理想株型研究。本文以花生往年高产创建的株型等相关参数,提出了花生高产理想株型以期指导花生育种工作和花生高产攻关,进一步促进我国花生高产。