玉米杂交种苗期耐盐碱筛选与大田鉴定的比较分析

基于所确定的玉米苗期耐盐碱筛选最宜浓度和适宜的生理生化指标,对14个吉林省主推玉米杂交种进行苗期盐碱耐性分析和大田鉴定。结果表明:大田鉴定结果与苗期耐盐碱能力综合评价分级基本吻合;苗期盐碱耐性弱的杂交种其大田减产明显,其减产率最高为44.12%,最低为17.39%,证明鉴定方法与评价指标科学有效,并可以初步筛选剔除一些苗期胁迫表现弱的材料;对于苗期胁迫耐盐碱能力综合评价表现较强的杂交种,其大田减产率变化幅度不大,变化范围在9.33%～11.76%,具体品种是否适宜盐碱地种植需经进一步的大田鉴定。     

东南欧国家玉米地方品种玉米螟抗性鉴定

东南欧是玉米最大栽培区之一,播种面积近115万公顷,每年收获玉米籽粒5500～5600万吨,平均产量为45～50公担/公顷。玉米高产的障碍之一是玉米螟(Ostrinianubilatis Nbn)。由于玉米螟危害各国平均减产10～20%,提高商品玉米杂交种对玉米螟的抗性,是各地区育种工作的重要组成部分。这一地区许多品种群体可作为有价值的农     

玉米新品种抗弯孢菌叶斑病鉴定

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病近几年在葫芦岛地区发病较重，玉米大面积减产15％－20％，为筛选出玉米抗病新品种，1999年我们对10个玉米新品种（组合）进行了抗弯孢菌叶斑病鉴定。     

遮荫对夏玉米产量和品质的影响

研究在夏玉米不同生育时期遮荫对产量和品质的影响。结果表明：不同时期遮荫都显著降低玉米子粒产量,花粒期遮荫对玉米子粒产量影响最显著,农大108遮荫50%和90%的分别减产67.5%和79.4%,花粒期遮荫主要降低了千粒重;其次是穗期遮荫,农大108遮荫50%和90%的分别减产34.1%和55.3%,穗期遮荫主要减少了穗粒数;苗期遮荫对其影响相对较小,农大108遮荫50%减产16.9%。玉米子粒产量随着光照强度的减小而显著降低,不同时期遮荫对玉米子粒产量的影响显著大于不同遮荫程度(光照强度)的影响。苗期遮荫对玉米子粒品质没有显著影响;穗期和花粒期遮荫玉米子粒的粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量显著升高,粗脂肪、淀粉含量显著降低。随着光照强度的减小,对子粒品质的影响加剧。不同时期遮荫对玉米子粒品质的影响显著地大于不同遮荫程度的影响。     

春玉米一次性施肥效果研究

2004～2005年在吉林省不同类型土壤上,通过110个田间试验对玉米一次性施肥效果进行了研究。结果表明:在吉林省5种主要土壤上玉米一次性施肥产量明显低于推荐施肥产量。干旱年份风沙土与农民习惯施肥相比明显减产。黑土一次性施肥效果年际间不稳定,干旱年份与农民习惯施肥相比有30%田块平产,70%田块减产;在湿润年份仅有31.2%田块减产。白浆土、冲积土两年间一次性施肥与农民习惯施肥分别有20%～27.2%和12.5%～25%的田块增产,减产的田块分别占到46.7%～59.1%和50%～62.5%。黑钙土干旱年份增产的田块只有9.52%,有71.4%的田块减产,集中在淡黑钙土区。两年试验说明,在吉林省的风沙土、淡黑钙土区不适宜采用玉米一次性施肥;在黑土、白浆土、冲积土区的高肥力土壤可以短期适当采用一次性施肥,中低肥力土壤尽量不要采用。     

利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟的效果分析

玉米螟是玉米生产中的重要害虫 ,对玉米生产构成严重威胁 ,已成为影响玉米高产稳产的重要因素。据统计 ,玉米螟轻发生年 ,可造成玉米减产 8%以上 ,中等发生年减产 1 0 %～ 1 5 % ,重发生年减产 30 %以上。由于玉米螟难防难治 ,寻求更有效的防治方法一直是人们不断探讨的问题。化学药剂防治玉米螟劳动强度大 ,费工费时 ,农民不愿接受 ,也不按技术规程操作 ,造成防治效果不好。利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟省工省力 ,操作简便 ,成本低防效好 ,有利于保持生态平衡 ,在玉米螟防治工作中有广泛的应用前景。1　松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟优点多1 1　…     

玉米杂交种种子生产技术的回顾和展望

玉米杂交种种子生产是杂种优势利用的继续和发展。种子质量直接影响玉米杂种优势增产潜力的发挥。赵增煜等 (1980～ 1981)研究表明 ,在规定的种子等级范围内 ,玉米杂株率每增加 1% ,每公顷减产 2 4 2 3ｋｇ。山东省农科院玉米所实验表明 :玉米杂交种产量 (Ｙ)与种子杂株率 (Ｘ)的回归方程为 :Ｙ=931 1- 8 165Ｘ ,即Ｆ1玉米杂交种的典型性每降低 1% ,每公顷减产 61 2 3ｋｇ ;亲本自交系的杂株率与其Ｆ1杂交种产量的相关系数ｒ =0 82 1,亲本自交系的杂株率降低 1% ,Ｆ1杂交种每公顷减产 72 7ｋｇ ,二者回归方程为 :Ｙ =90 7 6- 9 695Ｘ。玉…     

蠡玉16玉米受旱减产规律及产量与水关系模型研究

以淮北平原地区常用玉米品种蠡玉16为试验材料,采用测坑法进行作物的受旱试验,研究主要农作物不同受旱条件下的减产规律,构建产量与水关系模型。结果表明,蠡玉16玉米关键期受旱对其产量的影响十分显著,轻旱、中旱、重旱的减产率分别为4.3%、36.8%、51.1%,且随着受旱程度的增大减产率剧增;蠡玉16玉米在抽雄灌浆期对水分亏缺最为敏感,敏感指数达0.925 1;其次是拔节期、分蘖期和乳熟期,敏感指数分别为0.126 2、0.066 2和0.003 2。水分亏缺对蠡玉16玉米产量影响最大阶段为抽雄灌浆期,同时也是需水强度最大期。     

防治玉米倒伏技术

随着玉米产量的不断提高,倒伏成为影响玉米产量的一个主要问题之一,尤其是一些高秆大穗品种表现更为突出,据田间调查减产幅度为20%～55%,现将玉米倒伏的原因及预防措施总结如下。     

玉米不同品种（组合）粗缩病免疫性鉴定

玉米是苏北地区重要的农作物之一,自2004年始,粗缩病开始暴发流行,夏播玉米轻则减产、重则绝产,这不仅严重挫伤了农民种植玉米的积极性,而且制造了许多不安定因素。为准确确定玉米不同品种（组合）对粗缩病的绝对抗性（免疫性）,2007～2009年,     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。