水稻产量性状QTL的克隆研究及育种应用进展

提高稻谷产量是作物育种的主要目标之一。随着水稻全基因组测序的完成,近年来水稻产量性状QTL的克隆取得了快速的发展。本文简要介绍了水稻产量及其构成因子QTL克隆进展,分析了产量性状QTL的一些基本特点,并简述了产量性状QTL在育种中的应用情况。     

高产夏玉米施肥模型的初步研究

本试验应用二次回归通用旋转设计试验方法,研究了氮磷钾肥与夏玉米产量的关系,建立了数学模型,得出了各因素与产量的主次关系和双因素交互的产量效应。根据模型求极值找到了最高产量的施肥方案。利用微机模拟仿真试验,得到了指定产量水平的最优施肥方案。     

大豆产量相关性状与产量关系的研究进展

综述了国内外诸多学者对大豆相关性状与产量关系的研究结果。其中包括:大豆形态性状和产量性状的关系;大豆结荚习性与产量的关系及大豆品质与产量的关系。分析了大豆的产量潜力及达到高产应具备的条件。     

作物次生产量特性及其利用对策探讨

为了提高相关研究和生产管理的效率,本文探讨了非传统作物产量性状的特性及其利用研究对策,同时提出了作物原生产量（即一次形成,一造一次只收获的作物产量）和次生产量（即反复形成, 多次收获的作物产量）的概念, 并以橡胶树干胶产量为例,阐述了次生产量具有可反复合理收获胁迫（由收获引起的某种伤害）形成的产量特性;并探讨了采用收获胁迫诱导次生产量性状表现,以改进橡胶树产量评价方法或获取橡胶生产最佳经济效益等在相关研究和生产管理方面的对策。     

北方杂交粳稻产量性状分析

以辽宁省的13个杂交粳稻品种为试材,研究了产量性状与产量的相关性。结果表明:产量性状中,穗粒数是影响产量的主导因素,千粒重是影响产量的重要因素。穗长和二次枝梗数对产量影响大,株高对产量也有一定影响。     

国外早熟大豆冠层粒重分布与产量的关系

对国外早熟大事产冠层产量分布特点及冠层产量百分比与小区产量的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：品种之间在产量空间分布的上层产量及下层产量存在显著差异，中层产量差异不显著；上层产量与小区产量呈显著正相关，下层产量与小区产量呈显著负相关，中层产量与小区产量无明显相关；在产量冠层结构中，上中层产量占全株产量比重较大的品种，其最终产量也相应较高。     

福优晚3的产量构成与栽培技术

通过调查福优晚3百亩示范片不同产量水平的产量构成因素,并进行了产量构成因素间的相关和通径分析,明确了决定福优晚3产量的首要因素是穗粒数,在此基础上提出了福优晚3高产栽培技术规程。     

水稻产量和穗粒结构关系的估计

 水稻产量是由有效穗数、每穗实粒数和千粒重构成。三者相乘得到的值定义为理论产量，但理论产量和实际产量有时相差甚远。本文提出了拟合产量结构的一般模型：产量＝理论产量＋线性纠正＋随机误差。同时利用经验贝叶斯估计提出广综合一个地区不同品种数据的地区产量估计和综合不同地区的产址估计，对小样本的品种的产量估计可借用同一地区的其它品种资料而得到改进。相应的估计方差也同时给出。作为实例，文章分析了从浙江绍兴和富阳得到的数据。     

玉米品种间产量性状遗传与生理指标的研究

本试验收集了当地主栽的10个玉米品种,对其产量及产量性状、生长发育和各项生理指标进行测定与研究,其结果:产量随植株生育期的延长而提高;产量及产量性状随生理指标的增高而提高。     

西藏裸大麦品种产量及产量构成因素演变规律研究

对西藏 6 0年代以来审定通过的 15个品种进行品种比较试验 ,研究近 4 0年来裸大麦品种更换过程中产量和产量构成因素的表现和稳定性变化。结果表明 ,4 0年来 ,西藏裸大麦品种的平均产量提高了 5 0 84 % ,产量的提高是在保持一定的穗数和穗粒数的基础上增加了千粒重实现的。结合产量构成因素的演变 ,提出了今后西藏裸大麦产量育种的发展目标     

我国玉米种业行业分析

玉米种业包括新品种的研发、种子生产和加工、销售和推广,以及对农民的售后服务等4个主要部分。该文阐述了跨国种业以其技术先进、管理科学、品牌国际化和服务人性化等优势引领全球种业的发展方向,分析了我国玉米种业现状和存在的问题,进一步阐明了我国玉米种业的发展对策并提出建议。     

我国玉米种衣剂应用现状与发展趋势

综述国内外种衣剂的发展历程与应用现状,介绍我国当前玉米种衣剂登记产品及防治对象,分析种衣剂在玉米生产中的应用效果,包括对种子发芽和幼苗生长发育的影响、对玉米病虫害的防治效果及对玉米的保产增产效果等方面的研究进展,指出目前玉米种衣剂应用中存在的问题,从高毒农药的替代使用、生物型种衣剂的应用、多功能复配型种衣剂的开发以及成膜剂和助剂体系的改进等方面探讨玉米种衣剂未来发展前景。     

Precipitation during anthesis reduces seed set in perennial ryegrass

In perennial ryegrass seed production, the establishment of seed yield potential occurs until the point of anthesis. However, utilizing potential seed yield is predominately focused on processes after anthesis, namely seed set (%) and seed filling. In practice, seed yield is the product of the number of harvested seeds remaining after cleaning and average seed weight. For this study, the anthesis patterns and seed set were recorded in a diploid variety grown in seed production fields in three different Danish regions with contrasting weather conditions and investigated in 2013 and 2014. Increases in the total precipitation during anthesis reduced the anthesis synchrony and the seed set, which ranged from 50% to 66%. Under semi‐controlled environmental conditions in which the influence of precipitation was excluded, the seed set was found to be influenced by the floret position in the spikelet and ranged from 73% in the florets in basal positions to 25% in the distal florets. It is suggested that a lower number of florets per spikelet will reduce the anthesis period. These results may provide insights for breeding programmes focused on increasing seed yield.     

Seed Potato Production in Poland

The aim of this research was to analyze the regional distribution and quality of potato seed production in Poland from 2007 to 2011. The research was based on 10,559 tuber samples taken for the official post-harvest inspection assessment of seed potato lots. A very detailed map of seed plantation locations in Poland was created at the municipality level. The greatest concentration of seed production was from the northern and southern parts of Pomorskie Province, where many seed potatoes were cultivated, and in the north of the Zachodniopomorskie Province, around the towns of Koszalin and Ko?obrzeg. In both provinces, cultivars which were highly susceptible to PVY were cultivated on nearly half of the area. Over time a clear increase in the production of elite material and a decrease in those certified as the lowest category, CB, were observed. The quality of seed potato material was poorest following the harvest in 2008, because of high levels of virus infection; 30 % of the seed lots were not certified. Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) was recorded occasionally and it is at present of no economic importance in Poland. The role of potato virus Y (PVY), increased, probably because of the growth in the share of foreign cultivars (mainly Dutch) which are more susceptible to PVY. There were also changes in the populations of PVY strains. The share of Polish cultivars in potato seed production decreased to 36.3 % in 2012.     

Harvest ripeness in grass seed crops

Ten varieties of forage grasses, including perennial and Italian ryegrasses, tall and meadow fescues, cocksfoot and timothy, grown in seed-production drills were sequentially harvested from 14 days after peaks of flowering. Seed germination capacities were generally good in seed samples harvested early in the mattiration period, with the exception of timothy. PeaJc yields of germinable seed were usually obtained some time after shedding had begun; delay in harvesting resulted in further seed losses, some of which were substantial. The maxima of individual seed weights mostly did not coincide with, and were frequently later than the peaks of germinable seed yields. Endospenns did not generally harden until after the maxima of germinable seed yields. Endosperm development stages were found to be reliable guides to assessment of correct harvest date, and it is suggested that examination of endosperm consistencies be used to corroborate assessment of harvesting times tising moisture meters.     

杂交稻制种田九二○用量与种子中GA_3含量及F_1代产生徒长苗的关系

在杂交稻制种时，为了调节不育系的生长，促进异交结实，提高制种产量，喷施九二①是一项重要措施。近年来，九二①的单位面积施用量有逐年增大的趋势。由此引发出一个颇有争议的问题，即大剂量（明显超过每667m’8～12g的正常用量）的施用九二①会不会引起F；代幼苗产生类似恶菌病的徒长苗？因为近些年来，有些地方的杂交稻中恶苗病徒长苗明显增多，甚至造成严重损失。然而对其产生的原因看法却不一致，一种观点认为”－”，这与杂交稻制种时过量使用九二0有关；另一种观点则认为’‘’，制种田使用九IO后，种子中有赤霉素残留，但不会引…     

利用荚果厚度与粒重估计大豆鼓粒速率的研究

大豆鼓粒阶段是决定大豆产量的重要阶段,鼓粒速率可以利用粒重和荚果厚度与花后天数的关系进行模拟估计。田间分别种植3个粒重差异较大的大豆材料(中黄37,秦豆10号和JTN-5503),通过花期标记,利用不同取样方式(定位和随机),连续测定大豆粒重和荚果厚度,拟合其与花后天数的动态变化。结果显示:(1)线性函数和二次多项式函数可以有效模拟大豆鲜(干)重和荚果厚度与花后天数之间的关系;(2)与籽粒鲜重表示的鼓粒速率比较,籽粒干重增速估值偏高,而基于荚果厚度的估值偏低;(3)不同材料间的荚果平均增厚速率存在差异,但不同材料的初始速率估值差异不大;(4)荚果厚度定位测定的试验误差最小。因此,荚果厚度定位连续测定法可用于大豆鼓粒速率的度量,其结果与籽粒重表示的鼓粒速率有较好的一致性。     

瑞安市种业发展现状、问题及对策

农作物种业是国家战略性、基础性核心产业,是促进农业长期稳定发展、保障国家粮食安全的根本.介绍瑞安市农作物种业现状,分析存在的问题,并提出相应对策,为当地种业发展提供参考.     

Growth in Netted Gem potatoes as influenced by transplanting and by greensprouting

The basis of difference in field growth and yield in Netted Gem potato plants grown from greenhouse transplants, from seed which was greensprouted for two weeks prior to planting and from seed which was retained in storage until planting was studied by measuring changes in plant dry weight and leaf area throughout the season. Cut seed, approximately 70g in size, which were either two or four-cut from 142g or 283g mother tubers respectively, were used in the comparisons. Transplants were started in 7.6 cm peat pots in the greenhouse and were transplanted to the field when 10 cm high. The greensprouted seed was cut from mother tubers which had been sprouted under fluorescent light at 15–18°C for two weeks producing strong sprouts 5 mm long. Transplants, greensprouted seed and seed from mother tubers held in 3°C storage were all planted in the field May 30, 1974, coinciding with commercial plantings of Netted Gem in the province. Backup field experiments, comparing similarly treated greensprouted and storage seed and transplants, were conducted in 1974 and 1975 but were not subjected to growth analysis. All plantings were grown on a Riverbank sandy loam soil. The 1974 growing season in New Brunswick was excellent while that for 1975 was dry and required extensive irrigation. The use of transplants established a substantial advantage in terms of early emergence and yields were consistently and significantly greater than those of greensprouted-seed and unsprouted-seed plants. The transplant yield advantage was attributed to the fact that tuberization was advanced substantially compared with the latter two types. Higher relative growth rates were associated with later emergence so that the rate for plants growing from unsprouted seed was greater than that for plants growing from greensprouted plants which, in turn, was superior to that of transplants. This pattern was maintained through the season. Consequently, small advantages in time of emergence, such as that obtained with greensprouted-seed plants, were not accompanied by significant yield differences. Canopy size decreased as emergence was delayed and canopy size differences were determined largely by the amount of branching. As canopy size decreased and emergence was delayed, the net assimilation rate was found to increase.     

大豆感染SMV后种粒多酚类物质变化的研究

抗种粒斑驳品种东农８１－４３,铁６９１５和感种粒斑驳品种合丰２５,丰收１２在人工接种两个ＳＭＶ株系后,对种粒中总多酚和总黄酮的含量进行了测定。抗种粒斑驳品种由于抗种粒斑驳基因的表达作用,总多酚和总黄酮在感染初期的增长导致了负反馈抑制作用,使后期呈现负增长。感种粒斑驳品种种皮初期总多酚和总黄酮大幅度增加,这种趋势一直保持到后期。