2016年我国审定的水稻品种及基本特性分析

分析了2016年我国水稻品种的审定情况及通过省级以上审定水稻品种的基本特性.结果表明,2016年我国通过省级以上审定的水稻品种共有492个次(有13个品种通过两个及以上省份审定),其中,籼型常规稻36个、籼型两系杂交稻137个、籼型三系杂交稻166个、粳型常规稻87个、粳型杂交稻25个(其中19个为籼粳杂交稻)、 不育系41个.区试平均产量籼型常规稻为501.36 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产3.86%;籼型两系杂交稻为592.54 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产5.46%;籼型三系杂交稻为552.96 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产5.16%;粳型常规稻为624.94 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产7.48%;粳型杂交稻为651.96 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产8.91%.品种品质表现是粳稻好于籼稻,常规稻好于杂交稻,优质达标率粳稻为51.79%、籼稻为43.95%,常规稻为56.91%、杂交水稻为41.77%.并列举了一些对单个病害抗性表现较好的品种.     

粮粳10号选育及高产栽培技术

水稻新品种粮粳10号,生育期154 d,需≥10℃积温在3 000℃以上,在北方稻区属中早粳晚熟品种。2013~2014年2 a区域试验平均产量698.19 kg/667 m~2,较对照秋光增产3.16%;2015年生产试验平均产量700.45 kg/667 m~2,比对照秋光增产7.79%,增产点为100%。适合在新疆、宁夏、辽宁、吉林等稻区推广种植。     

水稻新品种辽河糯选育技术报告

辽河糯是以秀子糯为母本,以辽盐糯为父本,用系谱法育成的中熟粳糯稻品种。2007年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种生育期157 d左右,糙米率82.1%,整精米率68.3%,胶稠度100 mm,直链淀粉含量2.1%,阴糯米率6.5%,白度1级。省区试2 a平均产量591.24 kg/667 m~2,比对照辽粳371平均产量539.85 kg/667 m~2增产9.52%。适于在沈阳铁岭以南稻区种植。     

水稻新品种营稻1选育技术报告

营稻1是大石桥市茂洋种子有限公司于1995年以M95-28为母本,辽粳454为父本,经过系统选育而成的水稻新品种。2008年4月通过辽宁省品种审定委员会审定。该品种生育期160 d左右,属中晚熟品种。省区试2 a平均产量634.6 kg/667 m2,比对照辽粳294增产7.9%。该品种高产、抗病、优质,适宜在沈阳、辽阳、盘锦、大石桥等中晚熟稻区种植。     

水稻新品种垦育88的选育与栽培技术

垦育88是利用中花8号、冀粳13号、冀粳14号复合杂交,通过定向选择和多点鉴定选育出的水稻新品种。国家区试2 a平均产量606.8 kg/667 m2,比对照津原45增产4.8%,达极显著水平。品质达国标优质3级。垦育88具有高产、优质、高抗条纹叶枯病、耐盐碱等特性,2010年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

杂交稻新组合Ⅱ优339特征特性及高产栽培技术

Ⅱ优339系福建省三明市农科所以不育系Ⅱ-32A为母本,明恢339为父本育成的杂交中籼新组合,于2006年2月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。为了更好地配合推广利用,现将其特征特性及高产栽培技术总结如下。1产量表现2003年参加福建省中稻B组新品种(组合)区试,9个试点平均产量611·1 kg/667m2,比对照汕优63增产9·64%,增产达极显著,产量居参试组第3位。2004年参加福建省中稻A组续试,9个试点平均产量555·5 kg/667m2,比对照汕优63增产6·09%,增产达极显著水平,产量居参试组第7位。2 a区试平均比对照增产7·92%。2005年参加省中稻生产试验,…     

水稻新品种辽粳390特征特性及栽培技术要点

辽粳390是辽宁省水稻研究所选育的高产优质水稻新品种,2014年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定。生育期155 d左右,属中熟品种,抗病、抗倒伏能力较强,综合评价达国家优质米三级标准。2 a区试平均产量641.4 kg/667 m2,比对照沈稻6号增产6.7%。生产中注意稀播育壮秧、合理密植、科学施肥、节水灌溉和综合防治病、虫、草害等栽培技术。     

新稻16号的选育及栽培技术

新稻16号产量高、米质优,一般产量在700 kg/667 m2以上,而且具有较好的稳产性、丰产性和适应性。两年区试点11个,有9个点较对照增产。经多重比较和品种稳定性分析,表现出很好的稳产性。2005年区试小区平均产量810.4kg/667 m2,比对照秋田小町增产6.10%;2006年区试小区平均产量788.98 kg/667 m2,较对照增产15.41%。两年平均产量799.69 kg/667 m2,较对照增产10.76%,达极显著水平。在米泉市种子站、伊犁州农科所、温宿县种子管理站、塔河种业试验站和莎车农技中心的5个试点上都表现了很好的适应性,适应度达100%。适宜南北疆各稻区种植。     

杂交水稻新品种两优688在建瓯试种表现及栽培技术要点

两优688系南平市农科所用不育系SE21S与南恢688配组选育而成的优质晚稻新品种,于2009年2月通过福建省品种审定(闽审稻2009007).2006年省区域试验初试,平均产量497.88 kg/667m2.比对照汕优63增产13.6%,达极显著水平,居第1位.2007年省区试续试,平均产量470.12 kg/667m2,比对照汕优63增产9.65%,达极显著水平,居第1位.2008年引进福建省新品种中试基地的建瓯市小松湖头村生产示范种植,种植面积0.133 hm.,平均实割产量为573.10 kg,/667m2.比对照汕优63增产13.5%,表现产量高、综合抗性好.现将其在建瓯市的试种表现及栽培技术要点介绍如下.     

2014年我国审定的水稻品种基本特性分析

对2014年我国通过省级以上审定的水稻品种进行了简要分析。结果表明,2014年我国通过省级以上审定的水稻品种共有469个次(有5个品种在2个省份省审定),其中,籼型三系杂交稻185个、籼型两系杂交稻94个、籼型常规稻36个、粳型三系杂交稻17个、粳型常规稻122个;籼型三系杂交稻区试平均产量为543.45 kg/667m2、比对照增产5.56%,籼型两系杂交稻为557.84 kg/667 m2、比对照增产5.95%,籼型常规稻为479.02 kg/667 m2、比对照增产4.83%,粳型杂交稻为617.97 kg/667 m2、比对照增产9.16%,粳型常规稻为612.86 kg/667 m2、比对照增产7.45%;粳稻品种品质要明显好于籼稻,常规稻要明显好于杂交稻,粳稻品质优质达标率为63.31%、籼稻为39.38%,常规稻为61.39%、杂交稻为38.87%。病虫害综合抗性较好的品种不多,但有些品种对单个病害的抗性表现较突出。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.