不同水稻基质育秧效果比较试验

以南粳9108为材料,全营养土处理作对照,进行5个基质产品的育秧效果比较试验。结果表明,柴米河基质、蓓蕾基质处理秧苗素质表现较好,万年翠基质、沃绿宝基质、田缘基质处理表现稍差;柴米河基质、蓓蕾基质处理与对照相比表现为增产,万年翠基质、沃绿宝基质、田缘基质处理表现为减产。但是,各处理间产量无显著性差异,可见,基质育秧可以取代传统的营养土育秧。本试验的5种基质产品中以柴米河基质产品育秧效果最好、产量最高,是较为理想的育秧基质。     

浅谈水稻育秧基质研究进展

本文对生物质资源、矿物质资源及其二者混合等不同类型育秧基质的研究进展进行了简要介绍,分析了基质存在的主要问题并提出对策,为水稻育秧基质的研究提出了可行性的建议。     

水稻机插及基质育秧技术研究进展

育秧的好坏直接关系到水稻机插秧的质量和产量,育秧基质的选择则是机插育秧技术的核心之一。本文综述了机插育秧技术要点及存在问题、育秧基质的分类、理化性质和选择要点,并对育秧基质在机插育苗中的应用进行了展望,旨在提高和完善机插育秧技术。     

机插水稻不同育秧基质应用效果初探

为探明机插水稻不同育秧基质应用效果,以营养土育秧为对照,比较研究了江苏沃野、常州立华、连云港恒奥达、兴化新土源和南通瑞华等5个品牌基质育秧效果。结果表明,几种育秧基质所育秧苗叶色明显浅于对照,秧苗素质也比对照差,但盘根效果要好于对照。移栽大田后,基质育秧活棵、发苗要慢于营养土育秧,最终实产除常州立华和兴化新土源与对照相差不大外,其余3种育秧基质处理明显低于对照。     

我国水稻机插秧育秧基质研究进展

我国从20世纪70年代开始水稻育秧基质研究。合理利用水稻育秧基质,培育健壮秧苗,提高机插质量,是提升水稻机械化种植技术的关键,对我国水稻全程机械化发展具有重要意义。本文重点介绍了我国水稻育秧基质发展历程、主要基质类型及特征,分析了基质研究过程中出现的问题与发展趋势,以期为研究和推广水稻育秧基质,提升我国水稻种植机械化水平提供参考。     

食用菌菌渣作水稻育秧基质育成秧苗的优势比较及关键技术

以食用菌菌渣作水稻育秧基质,开展了水稻菌渣基质育秧、专用育秧基质育秧以及菜园土育秧的对比试验。试验结果表明,3种不同材料作育秧基质各有优缺点。用食用菌菌渣作育秧基质能提高水稻秧苗素质和机插质量,且育秧成本适中,并提出了食用菌菌渣作水稻机插育秧基质的关键技术。     

不同育秧方式对水稻秧苗素质、植株形态和产量的影响

为探明基质育秧和营养土育秧对水稻秧苗素质和产量的影响,以台湾香稻为试验材料,设置了常规盘基质育秧、可降解盘基质育秧、不可降解盘基质育秧、常规盘营养土育秧、可降解盘营养土育秧、不可降解盘营养土育秧6种不同育秧方式,进行秧苗素质、植株形态和产量的差异比较。结果表明,可降解盘基质育秧相对于其他育秧方式,秧苗生长速度快,茎基部肥大,叶片较长较宽,秧苗素质好;大田期表现为植株生长健壮,分蘖力强,产量较高。     

连作晚稻无土基质育秧机插效果

连作晚稻机插要取得成功育秧是难点。为明确不同育秧基质对机插连作晚稻盘育秧苗素质、栽后水稻植株长势及成熟期产量的影响,以武育粳7号为试验材料,在田间进行了不同育秧基质育秧效果的试验。结果表明,用"国瑞"无土基质所育秧苗素质好,根系发达,机插后植伤轻,能使武育粳7号提早返青分蘖,改善群体茎蘖质量;相比营养土育秧和田泥育秧,用"国瑞"无土基质育秧机插水稻有效穗数增加8.97%、19.65%,每穗总粒数增加6.29%、11.68%,最终理论产量提高14.53%、27.25%,实际产量提高13.60%、26.17%。     

寒地水稻新基质稀条播育秧技术研究

通过对水稻育秧新基质的容重、孔隙度、酸碱性、组成成分、透气性、保水性及其在水稻稀条播育秧上的应用情况研究,结果表明:以珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭为主要组成的育秧基质在传统育秧及条播育秧上对提高秧苗的综合素质起到了明显的促进作用。     

太湖稻区机插水稻温室基质育秧技术规程

水稻温室育秧可规避育秧期间雨水对秧板质量的影响,可按时保质提供秧苗,保证机插顺利进行。通过基质育秧,能减少或避免营养土育秧对耕地的破坏,同时减轻秧板质量,降低劳动强度,更易于发挥机插水稻的高产潜力。本文介绍了太湖地区机插水稻温室基质育秧的生产技术规程,包括温室标准、基质指标、操作流程和育秧管理等。     

白玉219的生育特点及其高产栽培技术

白玉219是江苏省淮安市农科所用自选系H69为母本,沈219为父本杂交而成的白玉米单交种.经品比、区试、生产试验,表现出高产、优质、多抗的特点,具广阔推广前景.本文论述了白玉219的特征特性、生育特点、产量表现和关键的栽培技术。     

苏北地区稻麦秸秆持续全量还田下机插秧苗促早发技术

针对稻麦秸秆持续全量还田时土壤中秸秆总量和腐解强度显著提高,机插稻返青活棵时间普遍延长,甚至僵苗死苗严重、穗数难足、穗型较小等共性技术难题,淮安市农业技术推广中心提出了苏北地区稻麦秸秆持续全量还田下机插秧苗大田促早发技术,主要措施包括:培育适龄机插壮秧;控减底施化肥;适度减小耕整深度;足丛小株浅栽;无水层活棵、化除、施肥;早施分蘖肥,重施穗肥;全程湿润灌溉。     

江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源遗传多样性的SSR分析

为明确江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源的遗传基础,选用31对SSR标记对107份近年来淮北地区所育小麦材料进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测出170个等位变异,单个引物的等位变异数为3~8个,平均为5.48个;位点多态性信息含量变幅为0.176~0.791,平均为0.543;3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度及遗传多样性指数均为DBA;江苏淮北5个地区中以徐州小麦材料的平均遗传多样性指数最高(0.613),以淮安小麦材料与江苏淮北另外4个地区的平均遗传距离最小(0.282)。聚类结果表明,品种间遗传距离变幅为0~0.935,平均为0.586,除淮麦20与华瑞0049外,SSR标记能将其他供试材料相互区分开;所有供试材料被聚为3大类,聚类结果与品种(系)的系谱来源比较吻合。     

一品红组培苗移栽技术研究

【目的】对一品红组培苗移栽技术进行研究。[方法】对一品红茎段进行组织培养,并以此为材料对一品红炼苗时间、移栽地点、移栽时间和移栽基质进行筛选试验。【结果】一品红组培苗应提前7d以上进行炼苗;移栽的时间阜新地区选择在5月初最佳;移栽地点普通温室和智能温室都可;移栽的基质以草炭＋珍珠岩成活率高,在降低成本的情况下,1／2草炭＋1／2园土也比较适合。[结论】通过移栽时间和基质的选择,能有效提高一品红组培苗的成活率。     

木薯废弃物代替草炭减量在红掌盆栽基质上的研究应用

以红掌为试验材料，研究木薯废弃物加工生产的熟料基质替代草炭减量作为无土盆栽基质的可行性，结果表明：用木薯废弃物加工生产的熟料介质替代草炭，降低草炭含量的基质配方同样可以获得良好的栽培效果。初步筛选出适宜红掌生长开花的木薯废弃物加工生产的熟料基质优化组合体积配比为熟料介质40%＋草炭60%。用该熟料介质替代草炭，使得草炭减量的红掌无土盆栽基质是可行的。     

An experimental investigation on the response of woven natural silk fiber/epoxy sandwich composite panels under low velocity impact

This paper presents results of dynamic deformation behavior of woven natural silk/epoxy sandwich composite panels. The specimens were prepared in configurations of reinforced woven natural silk fiber (RWNSF)/Epoxy/Foam, RWNSF/Epoxy/Coremat; RWNSF/Epoxy/Honeycomb and reinforced RWNSF/Epoxy (control material) using hand-lay-up method. Each of the three core material was sandwiched between reinforced woven natural silk fiber/Epoxy composite facesheet. Drop weight impact test was carried out under 32 J impact energy. Degree of damages inflicted on the contact surface, through thickness and rear surface were analyzed, sandwich composites performed better than the reinforced (control material). Failure mechanism involved interlaminar matrix cracking, layer debonding, delamination and fibre breakage.     

Formation of metal complex in a poly(hydroxamic acid) resin bead

Poly(hydroxamic acid) resin beads were prepared and complexed with various metal ions. We used IR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of metal complex. It proved that the products formed by introduction of metal ions gave stable and colored complex. It was found that the resin bead as synthesized would be a good column packing material for continuous extraction. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the distribution of metal ions in the resin matrix. It could be tentatively concluded that adsorption and diffusion of metal ions in the chelating resins mainly depended on the loading of the resin matrix which indicated interacting sites with metal ions.     

Failure characterisation in polymer matrix composite for un-notched and notched (open-hole) specimens under tension condition

This paper presents an investigation of the influences causing failure in the materials comprising polymer matrix composites. Structures with differences in stacking sequences and design configuration are analysed. The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the reasons for the failure of composite lamination structures in terms of stress, strength, strain, and Young modulus within a morphology observation of composite materials. The materials selected for the study were a chopped strand mat (CSM) and a woven roving (WR) fabric. These materials are used as reinforcement and are produced by the hand lay-up technique using epoxy and polyester matrix resin. The experiment was performed using specimens made of notched (open-hole; OH) tension and un-notched (UN) shapes. The characteristics of different shapes, materials, and lamination structures are studied in this research. The results showed the failure phenomenon in the structure of the polymer matrix composite is dependent on the characteristics of the material used and the design configuration of both structures.     

Comparative investigation of molded thickness and surface density on the structures and mechanical properties of lightweight reinforced thermoplastic composites

Lightweight reinforced thermoplastic (LWRT) is a newly developed porous material. The low density, high rigidity, design flexibility and sound absorption of LWRT facilitate its application in the automotive industry. Fibers are bonded with a matrix and air is imported by deconsolidation, which is not only economical but also environmentally friendly. In this work, film stacking and non-woven methods were employed as the impregnation techniques to manufacture LWRT. The molded thickness and surface density of LWRT were varied to study their influences on the structures and mechanical properties. Different lengths of fibers in LWRT were selected and 7 % PP-g-MAH was added to the matrix and compared with unmodified matrix. The mechanical properties decreased with the increase in molded thickness and the decrease in surface density. With higher fiber length, the strength and stiffness increased, while the toughness exhibited a maximum value at 80 mm fiber length. The strength and stiffness of LWRT were also enhanced when 7 % PP-g-MAH was added.     

Soy protein isolate/poly(lactic acid) injection-molded biodegradable blends for slow release of fertilizers

A slow release fertilizer system consisting of materials derived exclusively from biomass, and suitable for i) production of injection-molded parts such as containers for growing plants, and ii) use as granules, is reported. Soy (Glycine max L. Merr.) protein isolate/poly(lactic acid) blends plasticized with triacetin (SPI/PLA-TA) were used as matrix for NPK fertilizer incorporation. Upon melt processing, this composite material formed a highly ordered porous matrix of SPI in which PLA domains are homogeneously dispersed with NPK salts. Dynamic conductivity measurements indicated good release properties as the cumulative amount increased much slower with time as compared to pure NPK sample. Biodegradation was accessed by examining weight loss and surface morphology as a function of incubation time in soil.