云南宾川县亚麻生产技术系列报道之二 南方冬亚麻高产栽培技术研究

研究出了适宜于南方冬亚麻高产栽培的技术措施；200hm^2高产栽培技术措施应用结果，亚麻原茎总产量 156.28万kg、麻籽15.15万kg、总产值224.84万元、投入产出比1：2.46、新增纯收益76.35万元，经济效益较为显著。     

长白山区纤维用亚麻优质高产技术开发研究

长白山区纤维用亚麻优质高产技术开发是1986～1988年列为吉林省“星火计划”项目。开发范围为延边地区。开发内容为推广爱斯缔乐等优良品种,推广机械条播和化学除草等三项技术措施。合成指标为三年内全州亚麻原茎单产由每公顷1.14吨提高到2吨,平均原茎等价提高到480元/吨,年总产值达到480万元,年增利润达到255万元。经过三年的技术开发,各项指标均达     

亚麻新品种双亚十号的综合分析与生产应用效果

双亚十号亚麻新品种是黑龙江省科学院亚麻综合利用研究所采用复合杂交方法。经混合个体选择育成,具有高产、高纤、优质、抗病性、抗倒伏性强等优点。2004-2007年累积种植面积达到8．0万hm^2,增产亚麻原茎6万吨,增加经济效益1．8亿元。双亚十号亚麻新品种不仅适宜在黑龙江省亚麻种植区种植,还推广到云南、新疆、内蒙等省区,增产效果显著。     

亚麻新品种双亚十号的综合分析与生产应用效果

双亚十号亚麻新品种是黑龙江省科学院亚麻综合利用研究所采用复合杂交方法,经混合个体选择育成,具有高产、高纤、优质、抗病性、抗倒伏性强等优点.2004-2007 年累积种植面积达到 8.0万 hm2,增产亚麻原茎 6 万吨,增加经济效益 1.8 亿元.双亚十号亚麻新品种不仅适宜在黑龙江省亚麻种植区种植,还推广到云南、新疆、内蒙等省区,增产效果显著.     

亚麻高产栽培技术及其理论的研究

采取综合农艺措施提高亚麻原茎产量对发展我省亚麻生产具有十分重要的作用。近几年来,我们采取单项科研成果与当地生产经验相结合进行大面积亚麻高产综合试验研究,探讨亚麻亩产275kg的栽培措施及规律。经过试验认为,在当前生产条件下,运用以旱作栽培为基础,抗旱保墒为内容,提高田间保苗技术为中心,     

亚麻高产栽培技术及其理论的研究

采取综合农艺措施提高亚麻原茎产量对发展我省亚麻生产具有十分重要的作用。近几年来，我们采取单项科研成果与当地生产经验相结合进行大面积亚麻高产综合试验研究，探讨亚麻亩产275kg的栽培措施及规律。经过试验认为，在当前生产条件下，运用以旱作栽培为基础，抗旱保墒为内容，提高田间保苗技术为中心，     

亚麻新品种黑亚14号的应用效果及评价

黑亚14号是黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所以高纤、抗倒、早熟的法国亚麻品种FANY为供体,以本所育成的高产亚麻品种黑亚10号为受体通过花粉管通道 DNA导入选育的亚麻新品种.黑亚14号综合了亲本品种的优异遗传基因,具有高产、优质、抗倒伏、抗病性强等优点,2003-2005年在黑龙江省累计推广面积达到10余万hm2,增产亚麻原茎7万t,增加经济效益2.1亿元.黑亚14号不仅适宜于黑龙江省广大地区种植,还推广到吉林、内蒙、新疆、云南等十几个省(区),示范效果显著.     

利用二次正交旋转设计优化亚麻栽培技术研究

为优化亚麻栽培技术,提高亚麻原茎产量,试验通过二次正交旋转设计分析了有效播种密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对冬播亚麻原茎产量的影响。发现供试条件下,各因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响大小顺序为有效播种密度（X1）〉氮肥（X2）〉钾肥（X4）〉磷肥（X3）,不同肥料间互作不显著。并得到优化后的亚麻高产栽培方案：有效播种密度在3454.8-3502.3万粒/hm2,N263.2-337.7kg/hm^2,P2O5用量75.5-99.7kg/hm^2,K2O用量242.5-316.8kg/hm^2。     

亚麻新品种黑亚14号的应用效果及评价

黑亚14号是黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所以高纤、抗倒、早熟的法国亚麻品种FANY为供体，以本所育成的高产亚麻品种黑亚10号为受体通过花粉管通道DNA导入选育的亚麻新品种。黑亚14号综合了亲本品种的优异遗传基因，具有高产、优质、抗倒伏、抗病性强等优点，2003-2005年在黑龙江省累计推广面积达到lO余万hm^2，增产亚麻原茎7万t，增加经济效益2．1亿元。黑亚14号不仅适宜于黑龙江省广大地区种植，还推广到吉林、内蒙、新疆、云南等十几个省（区），示范效果显著。     

湖北沙洋县棉花高产创建经验

湖北沙洋县从2009年开展棉花高产创建示范活动,经过几年的示范为棉花创造高产积累了经验。2011年全县棉花生产面积1．3万hm^2,每公顷子棉产量3450kg、皮棉1380kg,高产创建示范区每公顷子棉4125kg、皮棉1650kg,产值3．39万元。     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究

通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.     

我国发展能源油料作物的策略分析

分析了国内外植物油脂的供需形势、我国耕地和边际地利用潜力、油脂植物资源的种属分布特点等,提出发展我国能源油料作物和生物柴油产业的3点建议：加大对边际地、油脂植物资源的调查等基础平台性研究,为政府决策和产业服务;加强产学研结合,形成研究、推广、产业的良性循环;制定能源植物推广应用优惠政策、推动能源油料作物生产发展。     

玉米耐盐性研究进展

综述了玉米耐盐生理机制和耐盐育种的研究进展。     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…