籼粳交DH群体和RIL群体的构建及籼粳分化

 对籼粳杂交组合“02428（粳）/特青（籼）”F1进行一步成苗法花药培养，对该组合的分离世代采用连续自交随机选择，分别获得由132个株系组成的加倍单倍体（DH）群体和由157个株系组成的重组自交系（RIL）群体。通过形态指数法和分子标记法对两个群体的籼粳分化进行了研究，结果表明，无论是DH群体还是RIL群体，各株系的籼粳形态指数和分子标记指数分布均呈正态分布，但RIL群体的偏态性强于DH群体，且明显偏父。     

籼粳稻杂交后代群体形态分化与遗传分化的比较

 以典型籼稻七山占和典型粳稻秋光构建的F8、F9重组自交系为试材,研究表型性状所揭示的形态分化与籼粳特异SSR标记所揭示的遗传分化差异,探讨维管束性状与形态分化和遗传分化的关系。形态分化和遗传分化所揭示的群体后代籼粳属性均呈偏粳分布,遗传分化所揭示的更加偏粳。依程氏指数、大小维管束比、大维管束比的分类结果与遗传分化相符度均为50%左右,将维管束性状作为程氏指数补充所得总分值与遗传分化的相符度为80%左右,相符度显著增高。维管束数量比可以作为籼粳分类的补充性状。     

籼粳交重组自交系的亚种属性与稻米品质性状的关系

2006—2007年以典型籼稻七山占和典型粳稻秋光构建的重组自交系(RILs)F8的92个株系和F9的142个株系为试材,分别以程氏指数(ChI)和籼粳特异SSR标记(Dj)为群体形态分化与遗传分化的指标,同时测定11项主要稻米品质性状,分析群体稻米品质性状类型间差异及籼粳属性与稻米品质性状的相关性。结果表明,两世代RILs群体形态分化均表现为接近正态的连续分布,籼型和粳型株系数接近,遗传分化则均表现为明显偏粳的连续分布;根据ChI将RILs群体划分为籼型和粳型,除F9粒宽外两世代品质性状类型间差异均未达到显著水平;根据Dj将RILs群体划分为偏粳型和粳型,两世代粳型糙米率、整精米率、粒宽显著或极显著高于偏粳型,长宽比极显著低于偏粳型;两世代RILs群体ChI与所有品质性状的相关性均未达到显著水平;Dj与糙米率、整精米率和粒宽呈显著或极显著正相关,而与长宽比呈显著或极显著负相关。形态分化与北方粳稻品质性状没有直接关系,而遗传分化中粳稻血缘比例增加可能通过粒形间接改善碾磨品质。     

“Lemont/特青”重组自交系的六性状籼粳分类研究

 研究了287个“Lemont/特青”重组自交系的六个籼粳分类性状(程氏指数法)和154个RFLP 位点的遗传组成。群体的六性状总分呈连续分布，略偏向粳型, 该方法将把大部分株系分入籼粳中间类型。 遗传组成的分布略偏向特青并有更多的极端株系, 六性状总分和分子标记的相关不明显。还就单个性状的分布和性状间重组情况，以及不同性状间及其与总分间的相关关系进行了分析。     

籼、粳稻及其杂种谷粒苯酚染色反应研究

用典型籼稻和粳稻进行双列杂交并与不同籼粳成分的重组自交系杂交研究籼、粳稻及其杂种谷粒酚反应,结果表明:水稻谷粒的苯酚染色反应是由基因控制的性状,染色对不染表现为显性;典型粳×粳交F1表现为不染,而籼×籼交F1、籼×粳交F1和粳×籼交F1表现为黑染或褐染;在含不同籼粳成分的9个重组自交系(RILs)稳定品系中,籼型和偏籼型品系表现为典型籼型染色反应(黑染)的特点,而偏粳型和一个偏籼型品系则表现为典型粳型染色反应(不染)特点。利用酚反应难以鉴别籼粳交后代的籼粳特性,也难以用于籼粳稻杂交种子的测纯。     

籼粳交后代亚种特征表现及其之间相关性研究

以典型籼稻七山占和典型粳稻秋光构建的F8、F9重组自交系(RIL)为试材,测定其程氏指数六性状、大小维管束比及大维管束比。揭示其杂交后代亚种特征表现及其籼粳属性,并进行程氏指数六性状、大小维管束比及大维管束比之间相关性运算,分析其亚种分类表型性状与解剖学性状间关系。结果表明:除1-2穗节长呈偏籼分布,其余性状均呈偏粳分布;由程氏指数及维管束比揭示籼粳属性均为由籼至粳的偏粳连续分布。其相关性分析表明杂交后代其亚种特征各性状已发生重组,与典型籼粳稻相比,非随机分离程度降低。     

籼粳交重组自交系亚种属性判别及维管束性状的变异

以典型籼稻七山占和典型粳稻秋光构建的重组自交系群体为研究对象,利用程氏指数法和维管束分类性状分别对其不同世代（F6和F8）群体进行籼粳亚种属性判别。发现群体表现为中间类型占优势的偏粳分布,具有明显籼粳亚种间差异的维管束性状在群体内实现了重组,理论上通过籼粳杂交可以实现优良维管束性状的组合。穗颈大小维管束比、倒2节间和穗颈大维管束比在确认群体的籼粳属性时与程氏指数法判别结果相似,且较穗颈大、小维管束数和倒2节间大、小维管束数在世代间表现稳定,可作为鉴别群体籼粳属性的参考指标。群体内多数株系还属于分化不彻底的中间类型,造成穗颈大小维管束比、倒2节间和穗颈大维管束比对某些株系的判别存在一定差异。     

水稻籼粳交衍生不育系的籼粳属性鉴定及配组F_1优势初探

通过籼粳杂交培育了3份水稻不育系,分别为野败型不育系064A、协研A和光温敏不育系300S。对这3份不育系相应的保持系的籼粳属性进行了形态指数法和分子标记法鉴定。064B、协研B和300S形态指数分别为11、9和12,属于中间偏籼类型;基于分子标记的遗传距离聚类结果表明,3份材料聚为一类,也属于中间偏籼类型。通过广泛测交,发现应用籼粳杂交,在籼稻遗传背景中掺入一定比例的粳稻"血缘",培育中间偏籼型不育系,对丰富水稻育种遗传背景,配制超级杂交稻组合具有重要意义。     

“Lemont/特青”重组自交系的六性状籼粳分类研究

研究了287个“Lemont／特青”重组自交系的六个籼粳分类性状（程氏指数法）和154个RFI．P位点的遗传组成。群体的六性状总分呈连续分布，略偏向粳型，该方法将把大部分株系分入籼粳中间类型。遗传组成的分布略偏向特青并有更多的极端株系，六性状总分和分子标记的相关不明显。还就单个性状的分布和性状间重组情况，以及不同性状间及其与总分间的相关关系进行了分析。     

籼粳交后代中的穗型指数与亚种特性及产量性状的关系

 以两个典型的籼粳交重组自交系F6群体(RILSA：中优早8号／丰锦;RILSB：七山占／秋光)为试材,分别在四川和辽宁种植,研究穗型指数（PTI）与亚种特性及产量性状的关系。结果表明,PTI在籼粳交后代中表现连续变异,籼粳交可以创造大量具不同PTI的株系,可以作为理想穗型选育的来源。生态环境对PTI有显著影响,从辽宁到四川,PTI显著变小。 PTI与大多数亚种特征性状呈显著负相关。PTI在不同亚种类型间有明显差异,总体上有籼(H)>偏籼(H′)>偏粳(K′)>粳(K)的趋势,但PTI不可以作为判别亚种类型的依据,因为籼粳交后代中的PTI在不同亚种类型间交错重叠。PTI与穗部性状和产量性状大多呈负相关,两群体中绝大多数株系的PTI为中下部优势型,在产量上具有明显优势。     

Comparison of Morphological and Genetic Differentiations in Filial Generation of Cross Between Indica and Japonica Rice

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of F8 and F9 generations derived from a cross between a typical indica rice (Qishanzhan) and a typical japonica rice (Akihikari) was used to study the difference between morphological differentiation based on phenotype characters and genetic differentiation using indica and japonica specific SSR markers, and to evaluate the relationship between vascular bundle characters and morphological and genetic differentiations. The results showed that the frequency distributions of morphological and genetic differentiations were all inclined to japonica type in the filial generation. The population was more inclined to japonica type based on genetic differentiation than on morphological differentiation. The consistent degrees of classification based on the Cheng's index, the ratio of large vascular bundle number to small vascular bundle number in panicle neck (RLSVB) and the ratio of large vascular bundle number in the second internode from the top to that in the panicle neck (RLVB) were all about 50% compared with the genetic differentiation, and the consistent degree of the total scores of the Cheng's index combined with the vascular bundle number ratios was significantly increased to about 80% compared with the genetic differentiation. Therefore, the vascular bundle characters could be used as a helpful supplement for subspecies classification.     

籼粳稻杂交后代蒸煮食味品质与亚种分化的关系

以2个典型籼粳稻杂交重组自交系F8群体(中优早8号×丰锦,计158株系;七山占×秋光,计142株系)为试材,利用程氏指数法鉴别其籼粳属性,同时测定稻米食味品质及淀粉RVA特征值,分析籼粳杂交后代稻米蒸煮食味品质与籼粳亚种性状特征的关系。结果表明:1)2个群体程氏指数、口感、综合评分及RVA谱特征值均呈连续分布,大部分株系介于双亲值之间;2)程氏指数与口感、综合评分及各RVA谱特征值的相关不显著或相关系数较小,依据程氏指数划分的类型间口感、综合评分及RVA谱特征值无明显差异,说明籼粳分化对稻米食味品质无直接影响;3)随着口感改善和综合评分的提高,热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值降低、回复值升高,其他RVA谱特征值变化规律性不明显。     

Type correlation analysis between six morphological trait index and eight isozyme loci

Indica-japonica differentiation is the majority for differentiation of Asian cultivated rice(O. Sativa L.). Sun et al proposed to distinguish indica and japonica by using the parameter Pj value which was quantified from six isozyme loci associated with indica and japonica differentiation, and the classification was consistent with the method of Cheng's "six combined morphological trait index" (CMT index). In this study, we analyzed the correlation between the six morphological traits and eight isozyme markers for indica-japonica classification by using 100 rice lines.     

Genetic Diversity of Rice Landraces from Lowland and Upland Accessions of China

Genetic diversity of rice landraces from lowland and upland accessions of China was investigated using 66 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.The total number of alleles detected from all 324 tested accessions was 555 with an average allele number (Na) of 8.409 per locus,the average effective number of alleles (Ne) of 3.574 and the average Shannon’s information index (I) of 1.378.The genetic diversity was higher for the indica landraces compared to the japonica landraces,and the upland landraces were more genetically diverse than the lowland landraces.The SSR markers,RM72,RM232,RM219,RM241,RM224 and RM3 showed the highest rates of polymorphism and these SSR markers were suitable to assess the genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources.A dendrogram of 324 accessions of lowland and upland landraces showed that all rice accessions were mainly subdivided into two groups,japonica and indica,with some being intermediate.The distribution of lowland and upland landraces among the japonica and indica rice groups was distinct,with obvious differentiation between the lowland and upland landraces in japonica rice,but no such clear distinction in indica rice.     

Genetic Diversity and Allelic Frequency of Selected Thai and Exotic Rice Germplasm Using SSR Markers

A collection of 167 Thai and exotic rice accessions was subjected for evaluation of genetic diversity and assessment of relationship by simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Among a total of 49 SSR markers, 13 markers distributing over 12 rice chromosomes showed clear polymorphic band patterns, and they were selected for genetic assessment. A total of 110 alleles were detected with an average of 8.46 alleles per locus. The averages of gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.59, 0.02 and 0.56, respectively. The unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic averages(UPGMA) clustering analysis was performed for genetic distance, and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The result showed that this rice collection was divided into two major groups, classified as japonica and indica subspecies. Within the japonica group, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups can be clearly separated. Three-dimensional principal component analysis projection and model-based population structure analysis showed consistent clustering results with two major groups of UPGMA analysis, supporting the classification of japonica and indica subspecies. The indica allelic frequency was also investigated to provide an indicative guide for breeders to overcome the practical problems on sterility of inter-subspecies hybrid offspring. This rice collection and information obtained in this study will be useful for rice breeding programs.     

甬优系列杂交水稻SSR标记指纹图谱和籼粳属性

用22个SSR分子标记对13份甬优系列杂交水稻组合及其亲本材料和6份籼粳对照种进行分析,共获得87个等位基因,每对引物扩增的等位基因数为2~8个。所有供试材料间均检测到了差异,从而建立起甬优1号~甬优6号杂交水稻组合及其亲本的DNA指纹图谱。聚类分析结果表明,9份供试材料与3份粳稻对照种聚于一类,属粳稻;4份供试材料与籼稻对照种IR36聚于一类,属籼稻。这与形态分类结果基本一致。从分子水平确认了杂交水稻甬优6号和甬优4号为籼粳亚种间杂交稻。