Effect of Processing on Bioactive Compounds,Physicochemical and Rheological Characteristics of Juçara,Banana and Strawberry Smoothie

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of processing steps on bioactive compounds and physicochemical and rheological characteristics of a juçara, banana and strawberry smoothie. The product was obtained by mixing the pulps of these fruits in previously defined proportions. The mixture was standardized in a pilot disintegrator, homogenized at 60 MPa in continuous mode and pasteurized at 90 °C for 35 s. The homogenization step increased the concentration of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, major anthocyanins in the smoothie. However, these anthocyanins, as well as perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, have been reduced (p<0.05) after the pasteurization step. The pasteurization also affected the instrumental color of the smoothie, expressed by Hue angle (p<0.05). Regarding to the rheological behavior, the smoothie, in all processing steps, presented a non-Newtonian fluid behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics (n<1). After homogenization, the smoothie became more fluid and homogeneous. Thus, despite the negative impact of pasteurization on the smoothie’s color, the pasteurized product preserves the bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids that are of great importance to human health. Furthermore, the development of this product contributes to add value to the juçara agro-chain and Atlantic Forest preservation.     

Feasibility of fish culture under the circumstances of growing the rice on the natural water

We studied the feasibility of a new production mode incorporating rice cultivation with fish culture in 1991.     

Preliminary studies on radiant spectrum of the leaves of the paddy and upland rice

To study the property of the radiant spectrum(RS),i.e.absorption,reflectance and trans-mission ratio.Four upland rice varieties i.e.Haogelao,Hongkuo—laoshuya,Chengjiang—ludao,and IRAT—109,and four paddy ricevarieties Xifeng,Akihikari,Zhongbai 4,andYuefu were sown at Beijing on dry land in themiddle May,1992 and 1993.The plants weretreated with drought stress during seedling,booting,heading and flowering stages.It wasrainy season or intermittent irrigation duringother period.The RS and the chlorophyll con-tent of the third leave of seedlings and that offlag leave at heading—flowering period weremeasured with UV—190 model spectrometer.The results are shown in Fig 1 and Fig 2.There were little difference of RS in 800-200 mn and chlorophyll content between theleaves of paddy and upland rice during seedlingstage (Fig 1).However,remarkable differ-     

A First Class Award of the Ministry of Agriculture

Study on the behaviour and mechanism acoustic communication (AC) in rice planthoppers (RPHs) have been conducted at CNRRI and Hangzhou Applied Acoustic Research Institute since 1986. Researchers have developed techniques for monitoring and playing back the acoustic signal (AS) of RPHs, and have made important breakthroughs in several aspects of AC.     

Biological characteristics of Ustilaginoidae virens and the screening in vitro of the causal pathogen of false smut of rice and fungicides

Green smut bails were collected from diseased rice panicles and surtace sterilized in sodium chloride for 5 minutes. The orange colored internal tissues were placed on PDA medium kept at 25℃ for 5 d to get pure cultures. PDA plates with the pathogen mycelial pieces in diameter of 5mm were incubated under 9 temperature grades ranged from 13 to 35℃.     

Report of the joint meeting of the Potato Section of EUCARPIA and the Section Breeding and varietal assessment of the EAPR, 3–7 July, 2000, Warsaw (Poland)

Report

Report of the joint meeting of the Potato Section of EUCARPIA and the Section Breeding and varietal assessment of the EAPR, 3–7 July, 2000, Warsaw (Poland)     

Additional Evidence of the Trypanocidal Action of (?)-Elatol on Amastigote Forms through the Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species

Chagas’ disease, a vector-transmitted infectious disease, is caused by the protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Drugs that are currently available for the treatment of this disease are unsatisfactory, making the search for new chemotherapeutic agents a priority. We recently described the trypanocidal action of (−)-elatol, extracted from the macroalga Laurencia dendroidea. However, nothing has been described about the mechanism of action of this compound on amastigotes that are involved in the chronic phase of Chagas’ disease. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of (−)-elatol on the formation of superoxide anions (O₂^•−), DNA fragmentation, and autophagy in amastigotes of T. cruzi to elucidate the possible mechanism of the trypanocidal action of (−)-elatol. Treatment of the amastigotes with (−)-elatol increased the formation of O₂^•− at all concentrations of (−)-elatol assayed compared with untreated parasites. Increased fluorescence was observed in parasites treated with (−)-elatol, indicating DNA fragmentation and the formation of autophagic compartments. The results suggest that the trypanocidal action of (−)-elatol might involve the induction of the autophagic and apoptotic death pathways triggered by an imbalance of the parasite’s redox metabolism.     

Calcium effect on the process of cold-hardening of rice seedlings

Low temperature is an important environmen-tal factor that limits the productivity and dis-tribution of plant. The ability to cold acclima-tion is a common adaptive response in plantsnative in temperate regions and results in en-hancing tolerance to chilling stress. In presentstudy the seedlings of Tesanai 2 were grown at28±1℃ and under a photo flux density (PFD)of 30μmol/m~2s for 8 d. The cold acclimationresponse is triggered by 14℃ under a PFD of75 μmol/m~2s for 3 d. Rice seedlings for cold-hardening were germinated from seeds treatedwith or without immersion in 30 mmol/L ofCaCl_2 solution. Change of membrane systemprotection in leaves at various periods(viz:fol-lowing cold-hardening, chilling stress and onthe 3rd day of recovery), the ratio of survival     

UNGA Declared the Year 2004 the International Year of Rice

On 16 December 2002, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared the year 2004 the International Year of Rice (IYR). The dedication of an International Year to rice, a single crop, is unprecedented in UNGA~s history. In declaring the IYR, the UNGA recognized that rice is the primary food source for more than half of the world‘s population and that enhancing     

Effects of S3307 on the photosynthesis,the activity of SOD,and MDA content of rice flag leaf

Ｕｎｉｃｏｎａｚｏｌ，（Ｅ）＿１＿（４＿ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｙｌ）＿４，４＿ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌ＿２（１，２，４＿ｔｒｉａｚｏｌ＿ｌ＿ｙｌ）＿１＿ｐｅｎｔｅｎ＿３＿０１，ｎａｍｅｄＳ３３０７，ｉｓａｎｅｗｐｌａｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｒｅｔａｒｄａｎｔｔｈａｔｃａｎｒｅｔａｒｄｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆ ｐｌａｎｔｓ，ｍａｋｅ ｐｌａｎｔｄｗａｒｆ，ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒｏｏｔａｎｄｔｉｌｌｅｒｇｒｏｗｔｈ，ｄｅｌａｙｔｈｅｓｅｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｏｆｌｅａｖｅｓ，ａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｎｅｔｐｈｏｔｏ ｓｙｎｔｈｅ…     

A study of the measurement of fracture toughness in cohesive soil – relationship between the size of initial crack and diameter of specimen

The phenomenon of hydraulic fracturing is considered to be one of the causes of leakage in fill-type dams. In recent years, it has been found that an estimate of the fracture toughness of a given type of soil could be used as an indicator of the soils resistance to hydraulic fracturing. One of the problems encountered in its estimation is the assumption that fracture toughness has been theoretically defined for samples of infinite sizes. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the fracture toughness of samples (of the same size) prepared with initial cracks of various lengths. The main objective was to investigate the relationship of the initial crack length to fracture toughness. The stress distribution around the crack tip for each laboratory test sample was estimated by FEM analysis and by a theoretical equation. These analytical results corresponded reasonably well to results from laboratory tests to determine the appropriate length of the initial crack for the test specimens.     

Effects of proline on the seed-setting rate of hybrid rice

The seed-setting rate of hybrid rice is generally lower than that of conventional varieties,One of the factors explained this Dhenomenon is the proline concentration in anthers.     

Study on the structures of papilla of lemma in Oryza

Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｐａｐｉｌｌａｏｆｌｅｍｍａａｍｏｎｇ２３Ｏｒｙｚａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄａｎｄｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏ６ｋｉｎｄｓｂｙｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ．Ｔｈｅｌｅｍｍａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗａｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆｐａｐｉｌｌａｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌｓｗｉｔｈｍｕｌｔｉ＿ｒｏｗｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｉｎａｌｏｒｄｅｒｅｄａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｐｉｌｌａｗａｓｉｎｓｅｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇ…     

Study on the incorporation of standing whole straw into the soil

The physical and chemical properties of the incorporation of whole and chopped straw into the soil and the rice yield of the first year in Northeast China are investigated in this study. Since the incorporated straw would become decayed in 2nd and 3rd year and cause favorable effect on rice growing, only the first year yield is evaluated.     

A DNA finger-print technique was established for the certification of seeds of the hybrid rice Shanyou 63

Cooperate with each other, scienstists from Institute of Genetics, Academia Scinica and CNRRI established a DNA finger-print technique. This is a rapid, simple and accurate technique for the detection of seed purity. Which can be used in the certification of seeds of the most important hybrid rice variety. Shanyou 63. variety in China.