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1.
以郑单958为试验材料,设置两个种植密度(82500、97500株/hm2)、5个行距配置(60+60、70+50、80+40、90+30、100+20 cm)和4种不同留苗的株距配置(单株、单双、双株、三株)方式,研究高密度条件下株行距配置对玉米产量及灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,两个密度条件下均以80+40行距、双株留苗处理产量最高,密度增加,增产效果更好。宽窄行配置增加了穗行数和穗粗,减小秃尖长,双株留苗增加玉米穗粒数和千粒重;80+40行距配置、双株留苗处理改变了玉米后期的灌浆特性,增加渐增期持续时间和累积子粒量,增大了平均灌浆速率。因此,在豫西地区高密度种植条件下,采用80+40的种植行距,通过双株留苗扩大株距,有利于玉米高密度群体植株的生长和最终产量的提高。  相似文献   

2.
为研究不同种植模式对大豆生长发育和产量的影响,以黑河43为材料,于2019年在黑龙江省大西江农场进行大豆种植模式大区对比试验。共设计7种种植模式,对不同种植模式下的大豆叶面积指数、农艺性状和产量构成进行分析。结果表明:垄上四行不等行距模式产量最高,为3 414.65 kg·hm~(-2),其次是大垄种小垄管模式,为3 384.82 kg·hm~(-2),比试验农场采用的垄上三行种植模式分别提高了7.6%和6.7%,不同种植模式间产量差异显著。垄上四行等行距种植模式结荚期叶面积指数最高,为2.87,与其它模式差异显著。垄上四行不等行距模式的大豆株高和底荚高均最高分别为67.2和16.85 cm。垄上三行模式植株最粗,为5.22 cm,单株粒数最多,为52.06,但百粒重在所有模式中最低,为18.63 g。大垄种小垄管种植模式收获株数最多,达到35.7株·m~(-3),常规种植模式百粒重最高,为19.85 g,其它指标均处于中等水平。相关分析显示,大豆产量与茎粗、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.464、0.762、0.750和0.970。垄上四行不等行距种植模式产量最高,其它指标也有良好表现,综合来看,垄上四行种植模式是较为理想的高产模式。  相似文献   

3.
种植模式对不同株型夏玉米品种生理生态效应比较   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
选用先玉335、郑单958和512-4不同株型的夏玉米品种,设置60 000 株/hm2和75 000株/hm2两个种植密度和50、60、70、80 cm等行距以及80+40 cm宽窄行5个行距处理,研究不同种植模式对夏玉米的生理生态效应和产量影响。结果表明,60 cm等行距处理下,群体光辐射分布较为合理,田间小气候的控制较为安全,有利于提高抗逆性,能够在不同的品种和密度条件下获得较高产量,是目前黄淮海区夏玉米机械化生产较为适宜的播种行距。  相似文献   

4.
不同密度下超窄行距对冬小麦群体质量和产量的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为明确超窄行距和种植密度对冬小麦群体质量和产量的影响,以小麦品种石麦18为材料,于2014~(-2)015年度在河北省石家庄市藁城区进行了行距(7.5cm、15cm和13cm+13cm+13cm+21cm"四密一稀")和密度(基本苗225万、300万和375万株·hm~(-2))二因素裂区试验。结果表明,相同密度下,各生育时期7.5cm行距种植的小麦群体总茎(穗)数和干物质积累量最高,15cm行距次之,"四密一稀"最低。各生育时期"四密一稀"种植的小麦LAI都最低,7.5cm行距的LAI在拔节前显著高于15cm行距,但在拔节以后15cm行距的LAI高于7.5cm行距。各生育时期3种行距条件下总茎数、干物质积累量和LAI都随密度的增加而增大。行距对单位面积穗数和穗粒数的影响均不显著;而15cm行距的千粒重显著高于其他2种行距配置;15cm和7.5cm行距的籽粒产量显著高于"四密一稀"。密度对穗粒数和千粒重的影响不显著,而单位面积穗数和籽粒产量都随密度的增加而增加。15cm行距、基本苗375万株·hm~(-2)和7.5cm行距、基本苗375万株·hm~(-2)的2个处理组合下小麦籽粒产量较高,分别为9 647.2和9 598.4kg·hm~(-2),是生产中适宜采用的2种组合。  相似文献   

5.
扩行缩株对春玉米干物质积累与转运的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在7.5万株/hm~2密度下,以等行距(行距60 cm)种植为对照,研究扩行缩株(行距100 cm)种植下春玉米产量、物质积累及转运。结果表明,扩行缩株种植下两年2个品种春玉米产量及穗粒数均显著高于对照;农华101千粒重显著高于对照,伟科702与对照差异不显著。扩行缩株种植下两年2个品种生育后期干物质积累量及积累速率均显著高于对照;茎鞘转运量高于对照,叶片转运量低于对照。成熟期茎鞘和叶片干物质分配比例低于对照,子粒分配比例高于对照。  相似文献   

6.
种植行距对春玉米干物质积累动态及分配规律的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
在东北黑土区,以先玉335和军单8两个玉米品种为试验材料,在70、65、60、50 cm 4种种植行距下,研究不同春玉米品种干物质积累、转移、分配规律及子粒产量的差异。结果表明,生育后期50 cm和70 cm行距下的干物质积累量显著高于60 cm和65 cm行距处理;干物质在子粒中的分配比例,70 cm和50 cm行距处理显著高于65 cm和60 cm行距处理;70 cm和50 cm行距处理下玉米干物质积累总量高,能够保持较高的子粒积累量。70 cm和50 cm行距处理到生育末期保持了较高的营养器官分配比例,延缓了叶、茎、鞘等光合器官衰老,延长了功能期。其他器官向子粒的干物质转移主要来自茎和叶,但是转移量都不超过子粒总量的6%,子粒产量的主要来源是光合产物的积累和直接分配。  相似文献   

7.
对起垄覆膜、起垄无膜处理与常规进行对比试验研究,结果表明:起垄覆膜处理水稻株高增加18.4 cm,分蘖起始时间早9 d、最高分蘖时间早7 d、最高分蘖增加47.5株/m2、穗数增加57.4穗/m2、齐穗和成熟早2 d和3 d、穗粒数增加6.15粒,而千粒重降低1 g、最终水稻理论增产102.8 kg/667 m2,实测产量增加26.6 kg/667 m2,增产达4.36%;起垄无膜处理水稻株高降低4.8 cm、收获穗数降低13.3穗/m2,理论产量减少19 kg/667 m2实测产量减少94.4 kg/667 m2,最终常规处理比起垄无膜处理增产14.65%。  相似文献   

8.
为筛选出适宜四川丘陵山区大豆生产的株行距配置,以结荚习性不同的两个大豆品种南夏豆25和南农99-6为试验材料,分析不同株行距配置下的大豆农艺性状和产量构成因素.结果表明:密度为25万株·hm-2时,相同株距下行距配置的变化对主茎高度和重心高度影响不明显,株距从8 cm扩大到10 cm有利于抑制植株主茎高度的增加.重心高度/主茎高度表现为品种间差异显著而不同株行距配置间无显著差异,表明其主要受品种遗传特性调控.不同株行距配置对主茎节数无显著影响,但通过改变植株高度影响了主茎的平均节间长度;株距从8 cm扩大到10 cm有利于基部节间粗度的增加,基部节间的长粗比受行距和株距配置的共同调控.宽窄行有利于大豆单株粒数的增加,且在平均行距为40 cm时表现更为明显,并有利于大豆百粒重的增加,品种南豆25的表现更为明显.株距8 cm、宽窄行60 cm+40 cm的配置下大豆单株产量显著高于株距10 cm、等行距40 cm,植株分布均匀更有利于个体生产潜力的发挥.  相似文献   

9.
采用玉米品种郑单958,基于不同种植密度,比较研究65 cm传统小垄(一穴单株,A;一穴双株紧靠,B)及110 cm大垄双行(一行为一穴单株、一行为一穴双株紧靠,C;两行均为一穴双株紧靠,D;两行均为一穴单株,E)不同种植方式下,玉米的产量构成因素、光合物质生产分配和光合性能指标动态变化及差异.结果表明,不同种植方式和密度对玉米产量影响显著,种植方式和密度交互作用达到极显著水平.种植方式C和E产量优势得益于较高穗粒数、千粒重和穗数的相互补偿作用;种植方式C和E在吐丝后干物质积累及其向子粒的分配比例较高,吐丝后能维持较高的叶面积指数、光合势、光合速率、叶绿素含量.  相似文献   

10.
株行配置对春玉米根冠空间分布及产量的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以先玉335为试验材料,设置7.50万株/hm2和9.75万株/hm2两个种植密度,60 cm+60 cm等行距和40 cm+80 cm宽窄行两个行距配置,比较株行配置对春玉米冠层、根系结构与功能及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,果穗、茎鞘干重百分比垂直分布明显上移,叶片干重百分比在垂直分布变化较小,行距配置对果穗、茎鞘干重百分比在垂直分布上影响较小。相对于等行距种植,宽窄行种植叶片干重百分比有下移趋势,群体不同叶位叶面积指数也表现为同一密度下,宽窄行种植群体上层LAI较小,穗位叶高效叶层LAI较大;随密度增加,根重有纵向下移的趋势,根系TTC还原强度在不同土层深度都显著降低。同一密度下,宽窄行种植根重的垂直分布出现下移趋势,根系TTC还原强度略高于等行距种植。高密度条件下,宽窄行种植降低了玉米果穗秃尖长,显著增加果穗穗粒数,因而显著提高产量,增产2.73%~10.86%,说明在宁夏扬黄灌区较高种植密度下,采用宽窄行种植能优化不同叶层结构,适当增加深层土壤根系所占比例及活力,有利于获得高产。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

15.
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact).  相似文献   

17.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).  相似文献   

18.
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.  相似文献   

19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

20.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

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