混施微肥对不同类型大豆产量性状的影响

试验通过拌种结合叶面喷肥的施肥方式,研究了硼、钼、锌、锰、铁微量元素对铁丰30号、铁丰31号和铁豆37号的产量性状的影响.结果表明,该施肥方式下施用不同剂量的微量元素,均增加了不同类型大豆的单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、分枝数和籽粒产量,但对其百粒重和主茎节数影响较小.     

春大豆不同播季的生态特性比较

研究结果表明:春大豆秋播各性状的测量值变小,变异率依次为单株粒数>单株粒重和分枝荚数>分枝数>结荚节数>株高>单株荚数>每荚粒数>主茎节数>茎粗>主茎荚数>百粒重;亲本来源不同的组别间,以及亲本来源相同的不同株系间,上述性状的变异率存在较大差异;出苗至开花日平均温度直接影响单株产量,而且还通过株高、单株荚数和粒数间接影响单株产量。     

不同叶形大豆品种产量性状边际效应指数分析

高产大豆品种不仅要求单株产量高,而且又适宜密植的品种.以两种叶形的10个品种(系)为材料,从边际效应指数角度,研究了不同叶形大豆品种叶部性状与产量性状的边际效应指数及其相互关系,期望筛选出耐密型大豆品种.结果表明:长叶品种的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株产量的边际效应指数均比圆叶品种的小,适于密植;单株产量边际效应指数与叶部性状的边际效应指数相关不显著,与单株荚数和单株粒数的边际效应指数呈极显著正相关,与百粒重的边际效应指数呈显著负相关.长叶大豆品种绥农14的单株产量边际效应指数最小,属于耐密型品种.     

大豆耐低磷鉴定指标研究

选用8个磷营养利用效率有差异的不同基因型大豆品种,设计0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mmol·L-15种磷元素浓度进行全生育期水培试验,研究了磷对大豆主要农艺性状的影响.结果表明:不同磷营养水平对大豆株高、底荚高、分枝数和主茎节数的影响不显著,对单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量及盛花期叶面积的影响极显著,对百粒重的影响显著.单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、盛花期叶面积、百粒重与磷水平显著相关,初步认为,这些受磷影响显著且与磷显著相关的性状可作为耐低磷鉴定的指标.     

黑龙江省大豆主栽品种主要性状灰色关联度分析

为了寻求对黑龙江省三江平原地区大豆产量影响较大的主要农艺性状,从而为龙江地区大豆育种工作提供理论依据.应用灰色关联度分析方法,分析黑龙江省大豆品种主要性状对其产量的影响.结果表明:产量与主要性状的关联度大小依次为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞结荚层数＞有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株粒重＞底荚高度,对黑龙江省大豆产量影响最大的是单株粒数,影响较大的是单株荚数、结荚层数,影响中等的是有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重,影响较小的是单株粒重和底荚高度.     

荫蔽对大豆主要性状的影响及大豆耐荫性鉴定方法研究初报

模拟间套种的荫蔽条件，设置不同的遮光处理，研究荫蔽对大豆13个主要性状的影响。结果表明，结荚期株高、收获期株高、最低结荚高度、结荚期生物产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量和百粒重等8个性状发生显著变异，变异与荫蔽程度极显著相关，其中，前3者为正相关，其余5性状为负相关；结荚节位和主茎直径变异极显著，分枝数变异显著，但与荫蔽程度相关性不显著；主茎节数和单株瘪荚数变异不显著。选择受荫蔽影响显著且与荫蔽相关性显著的株高、最低结荚高度、结荚期生物产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重等7个性状为指标性状，以综合耐荫系数为指标，采用综合方法评定大豆种质的耐荫性，将耐荫性鉴定级别划分为五级。     

大豆亲本差异对杂种F1产量的影响

以不同来源的36个大豆育成品种为亲本,配制29个杂交组合,分析了F1代产量性状之间的杂种优势、亲本间各性状差异与杂种优势的关系、来源地不同的亲本以及亲本间遗传距离的杂种优势表现.结果表明:大豆产量的杂种优势主要来源于单株荚数和粒数的优势;单株荚数和单株产量超亲优势显著高于百粒重和株高等性状;亲本间单株荚数、单株产量和百...     

始花期追施尿素对早熟菜用大豆农艺性状和产量的影响

以3个早熟菜用大豆和1个晚熟菜用大豆品种为试材,探讨了始花期追施尿素对菜用大豆农艺性状和产量的影响,旨在为提高菜用大豆的产量提供理论依据。结果表明,早熟菜用大豆品种植株矮小、分枝少、主茎节数少、结荚高度低于晚熟品种。始花期追施尿素对菜用大豆品种形态性状的影响并不明显,但可以增加二粒荚和三粒荚的比例,且中等施肥水平优于高施肥水平;始花期适量施尿素有利于增加菜用大豆的单株荚数、单株荚重、单株粒数、百粒重、籽粒产量和收获指数,且早熟品种的增产幅度大于晚熟品种。从综合性状来看,早熟品种沈农引48更具有商业价值。     

不同生育阶段剪叶量对大豆品种南农99-6农艺和品质性状的影响

筛选大豆对叶片机械损失敏感的指标和时期,为评价大豆对食叶性害虫的耐虫性及制定虫害防治指标等提供参考。在大豆品种南农99-6不同生育阶段(V5、R1、R3、R5)进行不同程度(0%、16. 7%、33. 3%、50. 0%、66. 7%、83. 3%和100%)的剪叶处理,测定农艺和品质性状,以探究不同生育阶段不同叶片损失程度对农艺和品质性状的影响。结果表明:(1)不同剪叶量处理间,单株产量、单株荚数、四粒荚数、三粒荚数、二粒荚数和株高差异达极显著水平,主茎节数、一粒荚数和百粒重差异达显著水平,有效分枝数、每荚粒数及蛋白质含量和油脂含量没有显著差异;一粒荚、二粒荚、三粒荚和四粒荚的数量都有随剪叶量增加逐步减少的趋势。(2)平均单次33. 3%及以上的叶片损失可导致单株荚数显著减少; 50%及以上的叶片损失可导致单株产量显著降低;而100%叶片损失可导致百粒重显著降低。(3)不同生育期剪叶处理间百粒重、三粒荚数、单株荚数和单株产量差异达到或接近显著水平,而其它性状无显著差异。始荚期的叶片损失对单株荚数影响最大,而鼓粒始期的叶片损失对百粒重影响最大且同时影响单株荚数,因而R3和R5是叶片损失的敏感时期。(4)不同生育阶段与不同剪叶量间的互作对大豆农艺和品质性状的影响较小,都未达到显著水平。(5)该试验结果模拟了大豆受咀嚼式食叶性害虫危害的机械损伤影响,但不涉及取食时分泌唾液毒害和刺吸式口器害虫吸食的影响。(6)建议用虫害关键时期(R3) 33. 3%的剪叶量模拟咀嚼式食叶性害虫危害,以单株荚数损失率、百粒重损失率及单株产量损失率作为评价指标鉴定大豆的耐虫性。     

套作大豆农艺性状与产量的关系研究

通过模拟"玉米-大豆"带状套作,分析了133份大豆材料的农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明:参试大豆材料表型性状的变异系数为6.44%~52.49%,各性状平均遗传多样性指数达到1.929 3,说明参试大豆材料存在比较丰富的表型多样性。相关分析表明,产量与主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数、分枝粒重、分枝粒重占比、营养生长期、生育期呈极显著正相关关系。多元线性逐步回归得到7个与产量呈极显著的农艺性状,正效应因子排序为:每荚粒数分枝粒重百粒重主茎节数单株荚数营养生长期,负效应因子为株高。对这7个农艺性状的通径分析表明,综合效应排名为:分枝粒重单株荚数主茎节数营养生长期每荚粒数株高百粒重。根据主成分得分并借助权重计算的综合得分把133份大豆材料聚类成4类,其中第Ⅳ类大豆分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数和主茎节数较多,营养生长期和生育期较长,株高适中,百粒重较小,底荚较高,适宜在套作模式中推广。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.