麦套花生丰产栽培技术

过去,我市在麦套花生生产上,存在着种薄地,不施肥和粗种粗管等问题,致使麦套花生面积不大,产量低而不稳。1983年,我市农技站主持各县协作攻关,在扩大麦套花生面积和花生种植向良田肥地新区转移方面出现了新的突破。全市麦套花生面积,由原来的24方亩,扩大到1985年的65万亩,平均单产138.3公斤,比全市花生平均单产110.5公斤增产27.8公斤,增产25.16％;1986年推广72万亩,平均单产116公斤,比全市平均单产     

发挥资源优势 发展麦套花生

枣庄市近两年来麦田套种花生发展很快。1981年全市麦套花生面积仅有1.2万亩,占当年花生面积的4.2％;1984年发展到3.2万亩,占花生面积的23.5％;1985年猛增到15万亩,占花生面积的46.9％。我市麦套花生面积只所以发展这么快,不是没有原因的。分析我市的实际情况,自然资源方面具有明显的优势。     

中低产田花生增产的几项技术措施

花生是北海市的重要油料作物,全市春花生播种面积达2万多亩,居经济作物面积的首位。但花生产量历年来一直是低而不稳。据统计,近十年来春花生全市平均亩产只130来斤,最低的1981年,亩产只62斤。造成低产的原因主要是:瘦、旱、粗(放)。实践证明,在一般年景下,只要因地制宜,从实际条件出发,针对生产上的薄弱环节,采取行之有效的增产措施,不断提高科学种田水平,花生产量就会迅速提高。如,1982年,全市春花生面积     

降雨与花生产量关系的初步探讨

花生是我市面积最大的经济作物之一。1982年种植面积为13万6千6百亩,单产、总产都创历史最高水平。全市平均单产达到280斤,总产达到3818万斤。我市花生集中产区的长清县,1982年种植面积8万8千7百亩,单产达到314斤,总产达到2786万斤,这是该县花生生产史上从未有过的纪录。     

不同小麦播幅对花生产量的影响

麦田套播花生,是我县花生种植的一种主要方式,常年面积在6万亩左右,占花生种植总面积的80％以上。长期以来,由于小麦花生的播幅配置不当,直接影响着两季作物的产量。为了探索麦套花生双高产的增产途径,提高单位面积上的经济收入,84年我们在城关区的红升大队、龙潭寺农场、七里区花生研究所和高胜大队农科所等四个试点,同时进行了不同小麦播幅套种花生的比较试验,现将试验结果综述如下。     

大连地区花生减产原因分析

我市种植花生的历史较久,但产量起伏较大,不高不稳,到1976年全市花生单产下降到12.5公斤。自党的十一届三中全会以来,随着农村经济政策的落实,花生生产进入了持续稳定发展时期。特别是地膜覆盖栽培技术在农业上的应用,使花生产量有了突破性的增长。到1984年,全市45.6万亩花生,平均单产达到175公斤,创历史最高水平,总产达到79.855吨。但是,近两年来,花生单产连续下降,1985年亩产115公斤,1986年下降到105公斤,致使一些农民不愿种花生。据凋查,今年全市群众能够接受的花生种植面积只有21万亩。那么,两年来,花生连续减产的原因究竟是什么?今后的出路在那里? 据调查,影响花生产量的原因很多,     

徐州市花生产业现状与发展对策

花生是我市的主要油料作物,到2002年,全市花生面积已发展到53khm2,居江苏省第一位.我市温光资源丰富,花生生产有诸多优势,但也存在缺少优质专用品种等问题.我市花生产业发展对策主要是把花生产业作为我市农业的优势主导产业,增加对花生产业的投入,进一步落实各项产业优惠政策,增强龙头企业辐射带动能力,以促进我市花生产业的快速发展.     

花生连续覆膜栽培试验初报

唐秦地区是河北省的主要花生产区,也是重要的花生商品基地。从1980年引进花生地膜覆盖新技术以来,经过多点试验、大面积示范,证明是提高花生产量增加经济效益的有效途径;近年来花生覆膜面积迅速得到扩大。但是由于受土质、技术、生产等条件的限制,适宜覆膜的花生面积会受到一定限制。为保持和扩大膜栽花生面积达到稳定高产,我们于1983年开始了花生连续覆膜栽培试验,探讨连续覆膜对花生生长发育的影响,明确花生不同连续覆     

麦林套种花生的配套高产栽培技术

黄淮地区属温带、半干旱季风气候区,是我国花生主要产区之一。常年种植面积占全国花生总面积的30％左右。由于旱涝、盐碱,瘠薄等灾害性因素限制,花生荚果产量低而不稳,年平均亩产量只70—90公斤。近年来,由于生产条件的改善,小麦面积进一步扩大,与麦茬花生的季节劳力矛盾更为突出,为此扩大麦套花生,对缓解季节与劳力矛盾,提高复种指数     

我国花生生产和科技现状及展望

一、我国80年代花生生产现状花生是我国主要油料作物之一,种植面积居世界第二位,总产量跃居第一位。花生还是我国一个主要出口农产品,在国际市场上享有盛誉。近十年,由于改革开放和农业生产结构的调整,我国花生生产有了较大发展.1980至1989年平均花生种植面积为273.7万公顷,占油料作物种植面积的27.6%,占整个农作物种植面积的1.9%,平均单     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。