2009年厦门市翔安区马铃薯新品种区试总结

2009年厦门市翔安区农林水利局对7个马铃薯新品种进行区试,结果表明：区试表现比紫花851对照增产5%以上,产量达极显著差异水平且综合性状良好的品种有川芋13号和中薯7号,建议2010年续试并参加生产试验;表现比对照增产、综合性状较好的品种有克200301-22和克新19,建议2010年续试;闽晋0901、绿夏22和克200373-218在区试中表现不理想,建议终止试验。     

高产优质多抗松辽122品种育成技术创新与应用

水稻品种松辽122是公主岭市松辽农业科学研究所北方早粳晚熟品种选育技术课题组育成的产量高、品质佳兼具多抗、适广综合性状优异的品种。2 a区域试验平均产量622.7 kg/667 m~2,比对照(CK)品种吉玉粳增产2.0%,1 a生产试验平均产量603 kg/667 m~2,比对照(CK)品种吉玉粳增产12.6%。吉林省引种备案,在中熟稻区种植,2 a试验平均产量625.6 kg/667 m~2,比对照品种吉玉粳增产6.3%。品质达到国标优质米2级,适应性广,在北方稻区早粳晚熟生态区域,需≥10℃活动积温2 700℃左右均可种植。     

水稻新品种松辽186选育技术报告

松辽186是公主岭市松辽农业科学研究所以93-8为母本,松辽05-L328为父本配组,品种间有性杂交选育而成的水稻新品种。2 a内蒙古自治区区域试验平均产量666.7 kg/667 m~2,比对照品种吉玉粳增产9.4%;1 a生产试验平均产量617 kg/667 m~2,比对照品种吉玉粳增产15.2%。生育期136 d,需≥10℃有效活动积温2 700℃以上,抗逆性强,适应性广,品质优良。     

水稻新品种通禾855特征特性及高产栽培技术

水稻新品种通禾855,生育期140 d,需≥10℃积温2 800℃,在吉林省属中晚熟品种。2 a区域试验平均产量9 015.8 kg/hm2,比对照品种通35增产8.1%,1 a生产试验平均产量9 303.3 kg/hm2,比对照品种通35增产5.7%。适合在吉林省长春、吉林、四平、辽源、松原、通化等中晚熟稻作区种植。     

水稻新品种通禾859特征特性及高产栽培技术

通禾859是通化市农科院水稻所通过常规系谱法选育而成的优良水稻新品种。生育期140 d,需≥10℃积温2 850℃,在吉林省属中晚熟品种。2 a区域试验平均产量8 717.4 kg/hm2,比对照品种通35增产6.0%,1 a生产试验平均产量8 516.4 kg/hm2,比对照品种通35增产4.9%。适合在吉林省长春、吉林、四平、辽源、松原、白城等稻区种植。     

水稻新品种通禾867选育及高产栽培技术

通禾867是通化市农业科学研究院选育并通过吉林省审定的水稻新品种。生育期145 d,需≥10℃积温2 850℃,属吉林省晚熟品种。2 a区域试验平均产量8 947.5 kg/hm2,比对照品种秋光增产7.0%。生产试验平均产量8 830.5 kg/hm2,比对照品种秋光增产6.9%。该品种具有高产、优质、活秆成熟和抗逆性强等特点。     

红麻优异种质资源引进鉴定利用研究

本试验对引进的7份红麻优异种质的农艺性状、产量性状等在信阳市进行了比较鉴定研究.结果表明,7份红麻优异种质均比对照中红麻10号增产.其中,福红航992的纤维产量为2984.8 kg/hm2,比对照增产12.79%,增产达显著水平;福红952、福红992纤维产量分别为2959.1、2932.2kg/hm2,比对照增产11.82%、10.80%.这3个品种在信阳市具有较好的推广应用价值.     

优质高产抗病食味型水稻新品种通育269选育技术报告

通育269是中晚熟水稻新品种,2018年通过吉林省审定。2 a区域试验平均产量8 773.1 kg/hm~2,比对照品种通35增产6.9%。生产试验平均产量8 652.7 kg/hm~2,比对照品种通35增产9.3%。该品种优质、高产、多抗,米质符合二等食用粳稻品种品质规定要求。总结了通育269的选育过程、特征特性及高产优质栽培技术要点。     

雌雄同株工业大麻新品种“汉麻4号”选育

雌雄同株工业大麻新品种汉麻4号是以USO-31为父本、云麻4号为母本,通过杂交技术培育的雌雄同株工业大麻新品种。该品种在2016、2017年参加黑龙江省农作物区域试验,两年区域试验结果表明:原茎平均产量8777.0 kg/hm~2,比对照品种汉麻3号增产4.3%;纤维平均产量2074.7 kg/hm~2,比对照品种汉麻3号增产11.9%;种子平均产量719.0 kg/hm~2,比对照品种汉麻3号增产10.7%;全麻率28.6%。其主要特征:籽纤兼用型雌雄同株工业大麻品种;植株绿色,叶片浅绿色;雄花黄绿色;种子为卵圆型,种皮为浅褐色,种皮上有黑色点状。品种的抗旱性和耐盐碱性较强,适宜在黑龙江第一至第五积温带种植。     

工业大麻新品种“汉麻6号”的选育

汉麻6号是2010年以乌克兰工业大麻品种USO14为母本,以资源材料10 HBLF为父本杂交,再以10 HBLF为轮回亲本,回交至BC_2代,采用混合选择方法,通过温室加代与田间选择相结合进行选种,2014年决选出早熟、高纤、优质、四氢大麻酚含量低于0.3%的优良新品系Y1410-1623。2015年参加品系比较试验,植株生长整齐一致,熟期早、抗逆性强、产量高。2016～2017年参加全省区域试验,平均原茎产量9374.5 kg/hm~2,比对照品种火麻一号增产9.3%;平均纤维产量2027.6 kg/hm~2,比对照增产21.4%;全麻率为27.9%,比对照提高4.7个百分点。2018年全省生产试验,原茎产量9419.8 kg/hm~2,比对照品种火麻一号增产6.6%;纤维产量2134.6 kg/hm~2,比对照增产22.2%;全麻率为27.7%,比对照品种高出3.5个百分点。     

Effects of double harvesting on estimated total digestible nutrient yield of forage rice

We examined the effects of cultivar (Taporuri, Mohretsu, Tachiaoba, and Hinohikari) on estimated total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield of forage rice in double harvesting. The total estimated whole-plant TDN yield (i.e., of the first crop plus second crop) of Taporuri was the highest in double harvesting. In the first crop, the estimated whole-plant TDN yield of Taporuri was the highest. In the second crop, the estimated whole-plant TDN yield of Taporuri was almost the same as those of Mohretsu and Tachiaoba but higher than that of Hinohikari. We also examined the effects of cultivation method (double harvesting or single harvesting) on estimated TDN yield of forage rice. In Taporuri and Mohretsu, the total estimated whole-plant TDN yield was similar in double harvesting and single harvesting. However, in Tachiaoba and Hinohikari, it was lower in double harvesting than in single harvesting. It is important to maximize the amount of nutrition in leaf and stem rather than panicle because the grain is not digested well by cattle. In the double harvesting, the total estimated leaf blade (leaf) TDN yield of Taporuri was higher than that of Hinohikari and almost the same as those of Tachiaoba and Mohretsu. The total estimated leaf sheath plus stem (stem) TDN yield of Taporuri was the highest. In comparison of the total TDN yield of double harvesting with that of single harvesting, the total estimated leaf and stem TDN yields were higher in double harvesting than in single harvesting in all cultivars except for Hinohikari. Thus, double harvesting of Taporuri is an effective way of reducing the overall loss of nutrition from the crop.     

辽西半干旱区种植密度对丹玉12生长发育和耗水量的影响

以丹玉12为材料,研究辽西半干旱区控制灌溉条件下种植密度对玉米生长发育和耗水量的影响.结果表明,种植密度对株高影响不大,茎粗和单株叶面积随种植密度的增加而减小,叶面积指数、日耗水量、阶段耗水量和全生育期耗水量均随着种植密度的增加而增大,全生育期高密度处理玉米总耗水量高出低密度处理22％;玉米产量和水分利用效率均随种植密度的增加先增大后减小.综合考虑节水和增粮目的,在辽西半干旱地区控制灌溉条件下,丹玉12种植适宜密度为5.25万株/hm2.     

11个薏苡属牧草品种材料比较试验

为筛选出适宜贵州地区种植的薏苡(Coix lacryma-jobi)品种(系),2014~2015年对11个薏苡品种(系)进行田间比较试验,系统测定并分析与动物生产性能相关的粗蛋白、粗纤维、Ca2+的含量及鲜草产量、干草产量。结果表明:Y81植株高大,茎叶幼嫩,再生能力强,生育期为190~192 d;兴仁小白壳植株矮小,生育期为160 d左右;Y81鲜草产量为86.48~94.21 t/hm2,对照兴仁小白壳为61.23~66.28 t/hm2,Y81比对照增产41.23%~42.14%;Y81干草产量为16.43~17.90 t/hm2,对照为14.08~15.25 t/hm2,增产16.67%~17.42%;Y81茎叶中的粗蛋白含量为14.94%;粗脂肪为4.47%。综合分析,Y81适合作青贮利用,此品种(系)在贵州地区具有推广价值。     

烤烟品种主要农艺性状的遗传分析

选用12个烤烟品种(系),对烤烟主要农艺性状进行了广义遗传力的估算和相关分析.结果表明:产量遗传力最高为97.54%,有效叶数遗传力相对较低为74.44%,各性状遗传力的大小依次为产是、叶宽、茎围、株高、节间距、叶长、有效叶数.表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数.产量的遗传变异系数最大,为17.59%;而叶片的长度、宽度、有效叶数及茎围,都与产量呈正相关,只有节间距与产量呈负相关.     

Effects of plant architecture and drought stress level on lucerne forage quality

Breeding for enhanced quality in lucerne (Medicago sativa) frequently involves selection for higher leaf‐to‐stem ratio, multifoliolate leaves or short‐internode stems. Three populations selected for such alternative morphologies and a reference cultivar were evaluated for forage yield, leaf‐to‐stem ratio and protein and fibre concentrations in leaves, stems and whole plants. Four managed environments were obtained by combining two stress levels (moderate or nil) with two sowing times. The population selected for high leaf‐to‐stem ratio, as well as the short‐internode population, had highest leaf‐to‐stem ratio (1.27) across six harvests in two non‐stress environments. The latter population had higher stem protein (12.9%) and lower stem neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) concentration (58.7%) than other populations. The multifoliolate population had intermediate quality, showing low expression of the multifoliolate trait (14.0% across four environments), particularly under stress (10.5%). The autumn‐sown, fully irrigated environment had, on average, highest dry‐matter yield (4.19 t ha^?1) and lowest leaf‐to‐stem ratio (0.74). Drought‐stressed environments had lower plant NDF (?12.3% on average) and leaf protein (?9.7%), and higher stem protein (+8.6%) than fully irrigated environments. The results suggested that environmental effects might have greater impact on quality than genetic effects, even for a population set including material selected for quality‐driven morphology.     

高产优质小麦新品种西农979叶面积、叶绿素含量及干物质积累的特点

为了解小麦新品种西农979的叶片功能、干物质积累及运转等特点,为其优质高产高效标准化栽培提供依据,选用西农979及大穗品系西农9814为试验材料,以小偃22为对照,对其不同生长发育时期叶面积、叶绿素含量及干物质的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,在抽穗期,西农979最大单茎叶面积为72.78cm2,对照小偃22最大单茎叶面积为101.69 cm2;西农979叶片衰老较快,在5月25日几乎没有绿叶面积,而对照小偃22绿叶延迟至6月1日;西农979旗叶叶绿素含量也比对照小偃22低,但西农979单茎干物质积累和对照小偃22相当;在灌浆成熟期,西农979单粒重显著高于对照,成熟后西农979比对照增产7.4%。由此说明西农979叶片光合速率高,开花后光合产物向籽粒中运转快。后期光合时间短是西农979生产上存在的主要问题,可在扬花期采取叶面喷肥来延缓叶片衰老,维持后期叶片光合功能,扩大花后干物质积累量。     

饲用红麻产量及品质研究初报

为了筛选适于我国南方栽培的饲用红麻品种,在闽南地区对8个饲用红麻品种进行产量、品质、适口性等方面研究。结果表明,供试饲用红麻品种1号和6号综合表现较好,其鲜茎叶产量分别达25.4t/hm2和23.6t/hm2;粗蛋白含量分别达19.42%和22.84%;鲜茎叶饲喂肉牛适口性一般,青贮后外观品质属中等偏上青贮料,饲喂肉牛适口性好。     

不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异

为探讨超高产条件下不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量差异,于2016-2017年小麦生长季,以烟农1212、济麦22和良星99三个产量潜力不同的小麦品种为材料,在山东省兖州市小孟镇史家王子村超高产田进行试验,研究三个小麦品种群体动态、叶面积指数、冠层光截获特性、花后旗叶光合速率及产量的差异。结果表明:(1)烟农1212的分蘖成穗率及开花后28d和35d的叶面积指数、冠层PAR(光合有效辐射)截获率均显著高于济麦22和良星99,而花后14～35d,PAR透射率表现为良星99济麦22烟农1212。(2)开花后0d和7d,烟农1212和济麦22的旗叶光合速率无显著差异,均显著高于良星99;花后14～35d烟农1212的旗叶光合速率显著高于济麦22和良星99。(3)品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,烟农1212的穗粒数和籽粒产量均显著高于济麦22和良星99,千粒重显著高于良星99。在本试验条件下,烟农1212是冠层光截获特性最优、籽粒产量最高的小麦品种。     

饲用苎麻生长动态及其饲用品质研究

2007～2008年，连续2 a对7个饲用苎麻新品系的生长动态、草产量及其饲用品质进行了研究。结果表明：参试品系再生能力均极强，年均刈青10次，单兜分蘖数随刈青次数增加而增加，年均单兜分蘖数最高的达28株；草产量主要集中在4～10月，年鲜草和粗蛋白产量均以1号饲用苎麻品系最高，分别达318.8 t/hm2和12.15 t/hm2，与其他品系差异达极显著，2号品系次之；7个参试品系在平均草层70 cm的粗蛋白含量达20 %以上的有5个，相对饲用价值均可达100 %以上；综合评价为1号和2号2个品系表现最好。     

Inter- and intra-population genetic variation for leaf:stem ratio in landraces and varieties of lucerne

A comparison was made of landrace vs. variety inter‐ and intra‐population genetic variation for leaf:stem ratio in lucerne and investigated its relationship with forage yield and other characters. Very early‐flowering genotypes were excluded from the assessment to limit the impact of maturity stage on the variation in leaf:stem ratio. The evaluation was performed on a summer harvest of 390 genotypes belonging to ten landraces from northern Italy and to six well‐performing varieties, and on nineteen clones of a single genotype which were used to estimate the environmental variance. Landrace and variety groups did not differ in mean leaf:stem ratio. Variation for this trait was significant among varieties (P < 0·05) but not among landraces. Within‐population variation was significant for both germplasm groups (P < 0·01), being somewhat larger in landraces. The estimated within‐population variance component largely exceeded the among‐population variance component within varieties. Higher leaf:stem ratios were mainly associated with shorter and thinner main stems in genotypes and populations, and showed a modest inverse correlation with forage yield. The results highlight the importance of landrace germplasm and the paramount importance of selection within populations to identify parent material with a high leaf:stem ratio.