性引诱剂对稻纵卷叶螟诱捕效果的研究与应用

从不同配方信息素诱芯、不同诱捕器悬挂高度两个方面进行测试，比较性引诱剂对稻纵卷叶螟的诱捕效果。结果表明，诱芯Ⅰ的总诱蛾、日均诱蛾量以及最高单次诱蛾量均显著高于其他三种诱芯；诱捕器底部与水稻叶面齐平或者诱捕器底部低于水稻叶面10 cm引诱效果最好。稻纵卷叶螟诱芯Ⅰ搭配倒圆锥形诱捕器可用于福建闽南地区稻纵卷叶螟的监测与绿色防控。     

几种性诱剂、性诱器诱捕棉铃虫成虫效果初探

 为探明性诱剂在棉铃虫测报中的效果及其应用前景,筛选理想的、使用简单、诱捕效果高的诱捕器和性诱剂,笔者进行了筛选和比较试验,结果表明宁波纽康生物技术有限公司生产的水盆诱捕器+橡皮头诱芯等具有较好的诱蛾效果,且设施简单易行,调查方法简便,值得继续推广使用。     

诱捕器的不同颜色对棉铃虫诱蛾效果

用性诱剂防治棉铃虫，具有无污染、成本低的特点。性诱剂的纯度、载体、载量、诱捕器等诸因素，直接影响着防治效果。在本文中，通过在山东、河北、山西等地采用诱捕器不同颜色的诱蛾田间试验，结果表明，绿色诱捕器比褐色或红色诱捕器诱蛾数量大，差异显著。     

有关棉铃虫性诱剂使用的几个问题

有关棉铃虫性诱剂使用的几个问题张廷军中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０１棉铃虫性诱剂的使用效果棉铃虫性诱剂是指根据棉铃虫雌蛾性信息素组分，通过人工合成的、具有较强引诱雄蛾能力的化学物质。它通过载体（如橡皮塞）形成诱芯，与诱捕器配套使用，既可作为测报...     

不同种类诱芯及诱捕器对暗黑鳃金龟的田间诱捕效果

为筛选适宜推广应用的暗黑鳃金龟性诱剂的诱芯和诱捕器,对自主研发的四种诱芯和金龟甲型诱捕器的田间诱捕效果做了评价,为性诱剂防治蛴螬技术提供依据和参考。无纺布诱芯在每天更换的条件下,在整个成虫交配期平均单日单个诱捕器诱虫数283.4头。储藏瓶型诱芯在储存120d后诱虫效果无显著性变化。以药用淀粉和β-环糊精作为主要载体制备缓释型诱芯对暗黑鳃金龟性信息素均具良好的缓释作用;两种缓释型诱芯的持效期分别达19d和30d以上。自制金龟甲型诱捕器和常规漏斗型诱捕器均适用于暗黑鳃金龟的诱捕,其中自制金龟甲型诱捕效率最高。     

性信息素粘胶诱捕器和频振式杀虫灯诱捕二代亚洲玉米螟成虫数量的比较

对性信息素粘胶诱捕器和频振式杀虫灯诱捕二代亚洲玉米螟成虫数量进行比较研究,结果表明:性信息素粘胶诱捕器比频振式杀虫灯对二代亚洲玉米螟有着更高的诱蛾效率,但变化规律不明显,频振式杀虫灯对二代亚洲玉米螟的诱蛾高峰在7月13—25日之间,而性信息素粘胶诱捕器的诱蛾高峰在7月20日—8月3日之间。     

昆虫性信息素配备新型飞蛾诱捕器群集诱杀水稻二化螟的效果研究

对新型飞蛾干式诱捕器诱捕效率进行了测试,从6月20日至9月20日,共调查13次,累计诱蛾量8 605头,平均每台诱捕器诱蛾344头。性诱剂处理区、施药区和不施药区虫伤株率分别为为1.77%、1.19%和81.90%,枯鞘率分别为1.11%、0.65%和14.68%,白穗率分别为1.87%、0.35%和38.83%。性诱剂防治效果95.18%,比药剂防效低3.92个百分点。就本试验结果来看,新型诱捕器操作简便,易于维护,使性信息素大面积诱杀二化螟的可行性提高。     

不同诱芯与诱捕器对水稻二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的诱捕效果

为筛选出适合防治水稻二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的诱芯和诱捕器,笔者对4家生产厂家生产的诱芯和2类诱捕器产品的诱捕效果进行了比较试验。结果表明,二化螟诱芯具有一定的诱集效果,稻纵卷叶螟诱芯的诱集效果很差;4家诱芯产品中荷兰诱芯的诱集效果最好,其次为宁波诱芯;2类诱捕器中船型诱捕器诱捕效果明显好于三角于诱捕器。结果还显示,不同厂家诱芯的诱蛾量变化曲线基本相似。     

利用性诱剂防治水稻二化螟试验初报

在吉林省海龙镇对利用性诱剂防治水稻二化螟成虫进行了试验研究,结果表明:试验期间二化螟诱捕器共诱杀二化螟成虫927头,二化螟性诱剂防治田白穗率为0.36%,对照田白穗率为0.85%。二化螟性诱剂田间防治效果为57.6%,对二化螟的防治效果不理想,原因为二化螟性诱剂释放面积太小。     

不同聚集信息素诱芯及诱捕器对大豆田间点蜂缘蝽诱捕效果研究

随着大豆"症青"发生面积的逐步扩大,点蜂缘蝽已引起了大豆科研工作者与生产者的高度重视。为探讨高效的点蜂缘蝽诱捕技术,本研究于2019年8月份在安徽省当涂县用不同诱芯、诱捕器及其组合评价聚集信息素对点蜂缘蝽的诱捕效果。方差分析表明:诱芯、诱捕器及其互作间诱捕效果差异都达极显著水平。缓释包诱芯1-2和PVC诱芯2-2显著高于橡胶塞诱芯3-x和空白对照。小船型诱捕器和双向倒漏斗型诱捕器显著高于通用桶型诱捕器和绿色粘虫板。PVC诱芯2-2、缓释包诱芯1-2和小船型诱捕器的组合效果最佳,但小船型诱捕器底部组件粘虫板会粘住点蜂缘蝽导致点蜂缘蝽死亡。缓释包诱芯1-2、PVC诱芯2-2和双向倒漏斗型诱捕器的组合效果次之,且其能诱捕到点蜂缘蝽完整活体,可为进一步研究提供试虫。对诱捕到的昆虫种类分析表明:试验期间诱到的蛾类昆虫相对较多,特别是橡胶塞诱芯3-x对蛾类有较强的引诱效果;不同诱芯、诱捕器都只诱到少量蜂类昆虫;绿色粘虫板较其它诱捕器粘到显著更多的瓢虫类昆虫。PVC诱芯2-2、缓释包诱芯1-2和小船型诱捕器、双向倒漏斗型诱捕器组成的4种组合能引诱到较多点蜂缘蝽,且其它昆虫较少,说明有较高的专一性,实用性。     

氮高效水稻主要源库性状的基本特点及其调控

【目的】本研究皆在阐明氮高效水稻源库性状的基本特点。【方法】在大田条件下,于2012-2014年设计了两个试验。2012年和2013年,以染色体单片段代换系遗传群体114个水稻株系为供试材料,依据成熟期吸氮量和产量两个性状将114个株系群体分为6种不同氮效率类型。2014年,在前2两年试验的基础上,以筛选出的氮高效株系(L68)和氮低效株系(L2)为供试材料,研究施氮量对两种氮效率水稻株系产量、源库性状的影响。【结果】1)114个株系群体成熟期吸氮量和产量差异均较大,吸氮量变幅为11.53~27.66 g/m~2,产量变幅为311.74~763.35 kg/666.7 m~2,随着吸氮量的增加,产量呈上升趋势。产量类型与吸氮量类型并不完全一致,高吸氮量是高产的重要基础,但产量还可能受到其他因素的影响;2)氮高效水稻抽穗期叶面积系数(包括有效叶面积、高效叶面积、总叶面积)、成熟期叶面积系数均显著大于氮低效水稻,叶面积构成因子中氮高效水稻绿叶质量明显高于氮低效水稻,但比叶重不同氮效率品种间差异较小;3)氮高效水稻单位面积库容量、单位面积颖花量显著高于氮低效水稻,氮高效水稻单位干质量、单位叶面积和单位氮素库容量大,库容形成能力强;4)氮高效水稻单位叶面积颖花数、单位叶面积籽粒产量大,结实期净同化率高,氮高效水稻"流"畅,叶片光合能力强;5)综合分析表明,库容量对氮素高效吸收影响较大。提高单位氮素库容量有助于提高单位面积库容量。不同施氮水平下,氮高效水稻叶面积系数、库容量、吸氮量和产量均明显高于氮低效水稻,叶面积系数在低氮水平下两者差异最大,其他3个指标以低、中氮差异较大。【结论】氮高效水稻源库指标均优于其他类型,且这一优势在不同施氮量亦是如此。     

不同(S)-(-)-小蠹烯醇载体诱芯对橡胶小蠹虫的诱捕效果

为了研发基于(S)-(-)-小蠹烯醇诱捕橡胶小蠹虫的安全高效诱捕技术,系统开展了不同(S)-(-)-小蠹烯醇诱芯对橡胶小蠹虫的诱捕效果试验。结果表明,自制的(S)-(-)-小蠹烯醇海绵诱芯和无纺布型诱芯对橡胶小蠹虫的诱捕效果最好,整个试验周期内平均单日单个诱芯诱捕器诱捕虫数分别为69.16头和66.22头,田间诱捕效果先逐渐增加,30 d时达到高峰,而后又逐渐下降,60 d后显著下降,1~60 d的平均单日单个诱芯诱捕器诱捕虫数分别为75.22~120.45头和70.69~112.22头。储藏瓶型诱芯对橡胶小蠹虫也具有良好的诱捕效果,平均单日单个诱芯诱捕器诱捕虫数为24.85头,田间诱捕效果先逐渐增加,至10 d时达到高峰,而后又逐渐下降,至30 d后显著下降,1~30 d的平均单日单个诱芯诱捕器诱捕虫数为48.53~64.66头。上述3种诱芯对严重危害橡胶树的对粒材小蠹和循胸材小蠹的诱捕效果尤为显著,对粒材小蠹和循胸材小蠹的诱捕数量占诱捕害虫总数的百分比分别为48.36%和47.89%、46.89%和40.48%、40.45%和40.24%。1~90 d的淀粉颗粒状缓释型诱芯和环糊精糊状缓释型诱芯对橡胶小蠹虫的诱捕效果无显著性变化,平均单日单个诱芯诱捕器诱捕虫数均在10头以下,诱捕效果差。上述结果表明,自制的(S)-(-)-小蠹烯醇海绵诱芯、无纺布型诱芯和储藏瓶型诱芯均可广泛用于有效绿色监控橡胶小蠹虫,海绵诱芯、无纺布型诱芯的田间有效期为60 d,储藏瓶型诱芯的田间有效期为30 d。     

灰茶尺蠖性信息素田间应用技术研究

灰茶尺蠖是我国茶树重要的食叶害虫,严重影响茶叶的质量和产量。为了给灰茶尺蠖性信息素的田间应用提供指导,本文对其性信息素缓释载体类型、诱捕器类型、诱捕器高度以及使用间距等参数进行了研究。结果显示,灰茶尺蠖性信息素以异戊二烯橡胶塞为缓释载体对灰茶尺蠖雄虫具有最好的引诱效果,效果优于硅胶塞和PVC毛细管;5种测试诱捕器中,船型诱捕器最适合引诱灰茶尺蠖;当诱捕器置于茶树上部25βcm时,引诱效果最好;诱捕器保持15βm的间距时,诱捕效率最高。本研究结果可为灰茶尺蠖性信息素应用于雄虫诱杀提供科学依据。     

Issues affecting the use of pheromones and other semiochemicals in orchards

Pheromones represent one of the major components of ecologically based orchard pest management. This paper reviews recent progress and highlights outstanding issues. The greatest use of pheromones has been as lures for moth to traps, although identification of attractants for other insect groups is permitting diversification. Sex pheromone traps have been widely used for decision support, usually with thresholds for intervention using either broad-spectrum, or more recently, selective insecticides. Many of the issues associated with this type of application have been resolved, but new trapping systems need to ensure that lure longevity, trap efficiency, and other factors (e.g. interpretation, thresholds) are addressed. The use of kairomones (inter-specific cues) as lures in traps raises analogous issues. Attractants for beneficials (such as sex pheromones of wasp parasitoids) can offer additional benefits, including demonstrating the level of abundance or synchrony of the biological control agent with the target pest. Pheromones have also enjoyed considerable success for direct control of orchard pests, mainly through mating disruption. The technical and biological issues have been more challenging in direct control applications. There remain major knowledge gaps in the amount of pheromone required to achieve disruption, as well as the plume structure and behavioural mechanisms that operate with different types of formulations, blends and delivery systems. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in lure and kill tactic internationally. The challenges associated with direct control by mass trapping, lure and kill or lure and infect tactics need further research.     

稻纵卷叶螟食诱剂在水稻上的应用研究初报

2021年6—10月在上海松江区开展了食诱剂对稻纵卷叶螟在水稻上诱集效果试验,解剖了雌虫的卵巢,并比较了食诱与性诱和灯诱的防治效果。结果表明,食诱剂的诱虫效果优于性诱,可诱集到的Ⅰ级卵巢雌成虫占比达到30.95%,且未交配率达96.15%,被诱捕到的雌虫数量显著多于雄虫,雌雄比为2.34。综合分析表明,食诱具有雌雄同诱、诱集低级别卵巢发育阶段未交配雌虫的优点,为稻纵卷叶螟绿色防治提供了理论依据。     

茶毛虫性信息素对茶毛虫防治效果研究

在贵州湄潭茶场和平坝茶场研究了茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂大面积诱杀茶毛虫的效果,结果表明,茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂以B型效果最好,42天内两地每盆每晚平均可诱到3.41头和7.51头,最高可诱到198头,大面积使用区内茶毛虫雌蛾怀卵量比对照区减少93.50%,卵块减少85.21% ,幼虫数量减少81.15%,说明茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂诱蛾效果非常明显。     

A comparison of monitoring systems used for Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa

For 16 years a bucket-type trap known as the Sensus fruit fly trap has been used to monitor three fruit fly pest species Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis cosyra in South African fruit industries. The relative efficiencies of lures sold for monitoring fruit flies with the Sensus trap in South Africa were determined in field experiments where laboratory-reared C. capitata, C. rosa and C. cosyra were released in a mango orchard within a few metres of Sensus traps containing either Capilure (trimedlure or tert-butyl 4 (or 5) -chloro-2-methylcyclohexane carboxylate), Ceratitislure (protein hydrolysate plus β-caryophyllene) or Questlure (protein hydrolysate plus plant extracts). When using 12-day-old flies, Capilure caught 3 times more C. capitata males than C. rosa males and this difference was more extreme when 3-day-old flies were released. Ceratitislure caught significantly more 12-day-old C. cosyra males than 12-day-old C. capitata males, but the difference was reversed when 3-day-old flies were compared. Questlure showed the least differences between species and age but recovered the lowest proportion of released species. Further comparisons were conducted in an orchard with wild flies using other known attractants in larger yellow Probodelt bucket traps. Capilure caught more male C. capitata than BioLure Fruit Fly 3-component, but BioLure 2-component (trimethylamine and ammonium acetate) was more effective than Questlure for C. capitata females. The 3-component lure was also more effective than both Capilure and Questlure for male and female C. rosa, respectively. Ceratitislure was the most effective lure for male C. cosyra flies and BioLure 3-component was more effective than Ceratitislure and Questlure for female C. cosyra flies. The intervention threshold of 4 flies/trap/week previously used in citrus with Capilure for C. rosa was lowered to 2 C. rosa/trap/week when using the Sensus trap due to the lower sensitivity of this trap-lure combination found for C. rosa in this study. The 3-component lure, or the 2-component combination of trimethylamine and ammonium acetate in a ratio of 1:8 in the Sensus trap capsule, would be more effective for both sexes of all three Ceratitis species than the Questlure that is currently being used.     

Optimization of a monitoring system for the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller), using sex attractants

The efficiency of traps baited with synthetic sex attractants, (Z)-9- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates, for Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was tested with respect to trap design, capacity, height, alignment, position and dose of lure. For optimum catches, traps should not be obstructed by vegetation, and can be placed most conveniently in forest rides. The most important features of trap design were a heavy surface coating of sticky retentive material and a large catching area. The efficiency of capture decreased rapidly when 40 or more moths were present on a sticky surface of area 380 cm². Numbers of moths caught increased regularly as the dose of lure increased from 1 μg to 5 mg. Males of Orthosia gothica (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were frequently caught in numbers similar to those of P. flammea in the same traps during the flight period of the latter insect. Increasing the relative quantity of the minor component, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, reduced catches of P. flammea, but not always those of O. gothica.     

红壤稻田钾肥施用量对超级稻生长及产量的影响

 以超高产水稻中浙优1号、甬优9号为材料,研究土壤不同钾素水平(50 mg/kg、90 mg/kg)及钾肥用量(0、75、150、225 kg/hm2氯化钾)对水稻生长和产量的影响。土壤不同钾素水平对穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、着粒密度、株高、叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和光合速率有显著影响,差异达显著水平;不同时期施用钾肥对产量的贡献依次为：基肥>分蘖肥>穗肥,产量差异达到3%~10%;随着施钾量增加植株高度明显增加,中浙优1号上表现更为明显,且随着施钾量增加,茎秆加粗,特别是基部节间粗度增加尤为明显。施钾与不施钾相比,两个品种产量分别增加5.6%和8.8%,但产量增加并不与施钾量成正比,不同施钾水平间产量差异不显著。     

模拟信号在稻褐飞虱声诱集试验中的应用

用笔者研制的电子模拟系统人工合成的对雄虫有召唤力的模拟雌虫鸣声信号,对鸣声诱集效果进行了评价。试验结果表明,连续模拟信号对4～5日龄未交尾雄虫的平均诱集率为22.2%±3.4％,与重放雌虫长鸣声录音及鸣叫雌虫（对照）无显著差异;而间断模拟信号平均诱集率达44.8%±5.7%,明显高于模拟信号,雌虫长鸣声录音和对照。在模拟田间群体试验中,模拟信号的诱集效果稳定,在田间试验中,模拟信号也诱捕到雄虫。因此,模拟信号是一种很有希望的实用诱集信号源。