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1.
ABSTRACTEarly seedling growth, including seedling emergence and vigor, is crucial in direct seeded rice. In this study, we examined the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and ethephon (ET) on the early growth of direct seeded rice, and on α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in the seeds. Rice seeds were treated with water (control), ET, GA3, or ET+ GA3 and were allowed to grow for 21 days. The results showed that ET and GA3 synergistically improved the lengths of mesocotyl, coleoptile, mesocotyl+ coleoptile, and first leaf. Moderate synergistic effects of ET and GA3 were detected in the second and third leaves. ET+ GA3 treatment induced higher α-amylase activities during early post-germination growth, which is consistent with the longer coleoptile, mesocotyl, mesocotyl+ coleoptile, and first leaf. In addition, ET+ GA3 induced higher α-amylase activity in the seeds, and consequently, higher sucrose and glucose concentrations than other treatments. These results partially explain the regulatory mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction of ET and GA3 on rice seedling growth in terms of starch and sugar metabolism in the seeds, and this knowledge is expected to facilitate the practical use of ET and GA3 in direct seeded rice systems. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):509-514
AbstractHigh germinability of seeds and establishment of young seedlings in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are necessary for direct seeding in paddy fields. We investigated whether germinability and seedling growth were promoted by treatment of rice seeds (cv. Hitomebore) with hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2) during the imbibition for 24 h. H2O2 treatment with 50 mM H2O2 promoted seed germination, and seedling growth (shoot length, root length and shoot fresh weight) in agar culture under a low temperature condition (18°C day/14°C night). Seedling growth was promoted by H2O2 treatment not only under the low-temperature condition but also under a normal (23°C day/18°C night) temperature condition. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment promoted seedling growth under a flooding condition in a greenhouse. These results suggest that H2O2 treatment of rice seeds during the imbibition is advantageous for direct seeding. We discussed the relation between the promotion of the seed germinability and the seedling growth under a low-temperature condition, and the expression of some genes encoding ROS scavenger enzymes induced by H2O2 treatment. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):32-39
AbstractLow temperature decreases biomass production and yield in rice through a number of physiological and morphological changes. We evaluated biomass production in 22 high-yielding genotypes and four commercial japonica cultivars early after transplanting under field conditions for 2 years. The seedlings were transplanted on 30 April or 1 May (early transplanting, ET) and 4 weeks later (late transplanting, LT). The mean air temperature during the 18 days after transplanting in ET was about 4ºC lower than that in LT in both years. The seedling length was greater in high-yielding japonica varieties than in indica genotypes, whereas the seedling character index (SCI), which is the product of plant age in leaf number and the ratio of the seedling weight to its length, was the highest in the indica genotypes. Varietal differences in biomass production were greater in ET than in LT in all rice genotypes. The biomass at 18 days after transplanting was largest in the japonica high-yielding varieties Kusayutaka and Beko-aoba in both ET and LT. The biomass production of the indica genotypes was found to decrease severely after transplanting at low temperatures although the indica genotypes with high SCIs showed faster leaf emergence than the high-yielding japonica varieties. There was a strong positive correlation between the varietal differences in biomass production and shoot length at 18 days after transplanting in ET in both years. Our study suggests that superior shoot elongation in the high-yielding japonica varieties with large biomass allocation to the stems may be advantageous in maintaining biomass productivity at low temperatures. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):134-138
AbstractA total of 32 rice genotypes carrying different dwarf or semi-dwarf genes were inoculated with the fungus Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon or treated with 50 mg l-1 GA3 in order to select resources resistant to rice bakanae disease from the dwarf materials. The length of the elongated seedlings was measured, and the percentage of death of the seedlings after transplanting to field was also counted. A significant correlation was found between the length of the seedling treated with GA3 and disease injury by bakanae fungus. Rice materials carrying dwarf gene such as sd1 were not only sensitivity to GA3 but also susceptive to rice bakanae disease. Materials carrying dwarf gene d1 were insensitive to GA3 but susceptive to bakanae. On the other hand, all materials carrying d29, sd6 or sdq(t) genes showed resistance to bakanae. The present study indicated that dwarf and semi-dwarf rice materials might be useful resources for improvement of bakanae resistance in rice breeding programs. 相似文献
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Summary The modifying effects of applying the plant growth regulators (PGRs) benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3) and BAP+GA3 on physiological age were studied. Two experiments with two cultivars, differing in rate of physiological ageing (medium-early
Pampeana, medium-late Huinkul) and two storage systems were performed during 1988/89 and 1989/90 in two different potato areas
of Argentina.
In both seasons seed tubers stored in heaps reached an advanced physiological age at planting, compared with tubers from the
cold store. Seed tubers of cv. Pampeana were older than those of Huinkul. compared with control crops, those sprayed with
BAP maintained ground cover and photosynthesis for longer, and those sprayed with GA3 for a shorter period. Consequently tuber yield was decreased by GA3 in 1988/89, but in 1989/90 all crops treated with PGRs outyielded the control. BAP could overcome effects of advanced physiological
age on crop senescence and tuber yield.
CIC BA
This work was carried out with a research grant from CAFPTA (249/89). 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1998,59(2):121-127
Oilseed rape seedlings (Brassica napus L.) treated with uniconazole were transplanted at the five-leaf stage into specially designed experimental containers, and then exposed to waterlogging for 3 weeks. Pre-treatment of rape seedlings with uniconazole significantly increased seedling height, shoot width, number of green leaves and leaf area per plant, and consequently the shoot, root, and total dry weight after waterlogging. Following waterlogging stress, the uniconazole treated plants had a significantly improved growth including plant height, length and width of leaves, number of green leaves, leaf area per plant, and canopy width at the stem elongation stage, and plant height, stem width, and root, shoot and total dry weight at the flowering stage. At harvest, uniconazole treatment increased the number of primary and secondary branches, seeds per pod, and number of effective pods in branches and in terminal raceme after waterlogging treatment. The uniconazole-induced increase in the number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod were the two yield components responsible for the significantly greater seed and oil yields obtained from the uniconazole plus waterlogging treated plants, over either the control or waterlogged plants. Uniconazole also reduced waterlogging-induced rise in the erucic acid content of the seeds. The modification of GA3, zeatin, ABA and ethylene levels due to pre-treatment of rape seedlings with uniconazole might have helped to delay the chlorosis and senescence induced by waterlogging. Uniconazole treatment also increased the leaf photosynthetic rates of waterlogged plants, in part, due to the changes in leaf conductance and hormone levels which ultimately affected various physiological processes. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):108-115
Conventional seedling mats for rice transplanters in Japan are heavy to carry, and much labor is required to collect, wash and store the nursery boxes. In addition, seeding time overlaps with the labor peak in spring. To reduce such labor, we developed a “seed-mat” consisting of hardened rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) glued onto a molded rice-hull mat with a cover of soil glued on. Seed hardening, which is done by soaking seeds in water at 15ºC for 5 d followed by drying, and heating of the seeds at 50ºC for 5 or 7 d, reduced the time to 50% germination (T50). In dormant seeds, the heating before the hardening enhanced the effect of the hardening more than the heating after the hardening. Seed hardening increased the dry weight of the shoots from the seed-mats. Covering the mat with soil also increased the percentage of seedling emergence, shoot length, number of leaves and shoot dry weight of the seed-mats. The hardened seeds maintained short T50 and 95% or higher germination for 120 d at room temperature. In the seed-mat, the hardened seeds maintained 95% or higher seedling emergence for 208 d. In conclusion, superior seed-mats could be produced using the procedure involving both seed hardening and cover of soil. The seed-mats can be prepared in winter and stored until seedling-raising period in spring. By the seed-mats, seedling mats can be prepared for the rice transplanter without using nursery boxes, which take up storage space and require much labor. 相似文献
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玉米光温敏无雄穗系植株多种植物激素含量的动态变化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以玉米光温敏无雄穗系I17及其正常系N17植株为试验材料,在春季和秋季种植条件下分别测定叶片与雄穗中生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)和玉米素(ZT)的含量,研究植物激素对玉米光温敏无雄穗系植株雄穗发生及其育性的影响。结果表明,春季种植的无雄穗系I17与正常系N17的叶片和雄穗中IAA、GA3、ZT和ABA含量没有明显差异;秋季种植的无雄穗系I17叶片中IAA、GA3和ZT含量在苗期、抽雄期及花粒期均显著低于正常系N17,ABA含量显著高于N17。在植物激素平衡方面,秋季种植的无雄穗系I17叶片中IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA及ZT/ABA的比值均显著低于正常系N17的相应值。IAA、GA3和ZT的严重亏损与ABA的过量积累是引起玉米无雄穗的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):85-96
AbstractThe moisture of paddy soil after rice cropping is a major impediment to the establishment, tillering and yield of winter wheat in the rice?wheat (R?W) cropping system. We examined the seedling establishment ratio, based on soilmoisture at seeding by path analysis of nine soil/plant traits in the farmer's fields in Western Japan where the R?W cropping system was being used, to establish a strategy for improving tiller density by optimizing the seedling establishment ratio. The clod size of surface soil, which showed a significant positive correlation with soil moisture at seeding, had a significant negative direct effect on the seedling establishment ratio. The reduction in seedling establishment ratio, together with fewer tillers per plant, resulted in a significant decrease in tiller density. The sum total of contribution of soil moisture contents to tiller density via clod size was smaller than that of seeding rate, and similar to that of the amount of nitrogen (N) basal dressing. This indicates that manipulating clod size based on soil moisture at seedingprovides an opportunity for maintaining tiller density, as well as changing the amount of N basal dressing with the soil moisture conditions after rice cropping. 相似文献
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播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
【目的】探索机插杂交籼稻稀播育秧秧苗生长特性、栽插质量、产量与效益特点。【方法】以F优498和Ⅱ优498的种子为材料开发并优选条播器后,采用两因素裂区设计,播种方式为主区,播种量为副区。【结果】条播播种均匀度优势明显,24行条播规格效果最佳。播种14 d后,秧苗开始产生分蘖芽,播后17至23 d是分蘖芽发生速率最快时期。随播种密度的增加,成苗率、干物质积累量、根冠比、秧苗充实度、N积累量、分蘖芽发生率、发根力、漏插率都呈降低趋势,同时有效穗数增加,每穗粒数减少,产量先增加后降低。条播相对于散播,秧苗整体素质较好,易形成壮秧,产量较高。【结论】投入与产出综合分析,采用条播方式,播种密度为50 g/盘时,秧苗群体密度和个体优势之间能得到较好的协调,产投比最高。 相似文献
16.
以杂交水稻组合汕优63为材料进行研究。结果表明,杂交稻制种抽穗期施用九二Ο,在其所产种子中会有一定量的GA3积累,其GA3的含量与制种时抽穗期九二○施用量呈正相关。试验和检测证明,制种田抽穗期九二Ο用量在每667 m2 8~18 g范围内,其种子中的GA3含量在49.5~63.5 ng/g之间,均大大低于能引起幼苗徒长的GA3含量(946 ng/g)。可以认为,生产中杂交稻田产生的徒长苗与制种时抽穗期施用九二Ο无关。经在制种田花期喷雾接种稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium moniliforme)孢子的试验证明,杂交稻幼苗中产生的徒长苗是由恶苗病菌经花器侵染后种子带菌所引起的,杂交稻中产生徒长苗与抽穗期九二○的施用无关。 相似文献
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以中浙优1号和甬优1540为材料,采用栽培池培养试验,研究缩二脲对水稻出苗率及叶片白化特性的影响。结果表明,缩二脲含量在0~2.0%时对水稻的出苗率和秧苗生长量影响较小;缩二脲含量高于4.0%时显著降低了出苗率,显著抑制秧苗的生长,中浙优1号和甬优1540干物质量分别降低24%和17%;水稻叶片对缩二脲比较敏感,缩二脲造成叶片发白的叶位主要在第2叶,第3叶叶片发白比例较低,但是当缩二脲含量达到4.0%时,第3叶叶片发白比例也开始上升;当缩二脲含量过量时,显著降低叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值。化肥中的缩二脲是引起直播稻出现白化苗的重要原因,在直播稻和水稻育秧中,应选用缩二脲含量较低的肥料。 相似文献
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利用GA3和UCZ浸种处理对不同双隐性甜玉米自交系中胚轴长度、根长等表型特性和生理指标进行分析,并对与出苗率相关性状进行灰色关联分析,对不同品种耐深播特性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种中胚轴长度随播种深度增加存在极显著差异,耐深播自交系更利于幼苗的顶土出苗。不同浓度GA3处理的自交系SY-12和SY-19与未经过GA3处理的两个自交系相比,随播深增加两个自交系的中胚轴长度比对照组存在极显著差异,根长与中胚轴长度具有相似的变化趋势。10 cm深播条件下,两个自交系的GA3含量明显增加,与2 cm播深相比呈极显著差异。内源GA3含量的变化与外源GA3对中胚轴长度的影响一致,表明中胚轴伸长与内源GA3水平密切相关。通过灰色关联度分析可知中胚轴长与出苗率的关联度最大。经过筛选,SY-12表现出耐深播的特性,为甜玉米抗旱、耐深播新品种的选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):191-198
AbstractThe impacts of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional management (CM) on grain yield, yield components and tillering capacity were examined under 4 rice establishment methods transplanting (TP), seedling casting (SC), mechanical transplanting (MT) and direct seeding (DS). SRI produced significantly higher grain yield than CM under TP and MT but not under DS or SC. DS and SC produced much higher seedling quality than TP or MT, suggesting that robust seedlings with vigorous roots weaken the positive effect of SRI on rice yield. SRI produced a higher tillering rate than CM, but did not affect ear-bearing tiller rate significantly. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the recent fully expanded leaf at mid-tillering stage was significantly higher in SRI than in CM under MT and TP. The obtained results also indicated that SRI increased biomass accumulation before heading and improved utilization of photosynthates in the grain-filling stage. 相似文献