花生晚斑病抗性育种研究进展

花生晚斑病是世界上危害最重、分布最广的花生真菌性病害之一。近三十年来在世界主要花生产区的危害逐渐加重，已成为制约花生品质、产量和经济效益的重要因素。本文综述了已育成抗晚斑病品种和品系、抗性遗传机制、抗病候选基因、数量性状基因座及分子标记和转基因抗性的研究现状，展望了未来花生晚斑病抗性育种的研究方向，为花生晚斑病抗性育种提供参考。     

陕西关中花生叶部病害的种类与防治

陕西关中地区花生叶病发生种类繁多，已鉴定出致病真菌10种，其中：网斑病菌、焦斑病菌、Bipolaris病菌及双孢镰刀菌为陕西首次记录；危害花生叶部病害的优势种群发生了变化，网斑病上升为主要病害，导致大量早期落叶，产量损失严重，喷药防治可明显地减轻危害，喷药3次可减少脱叶33％～41．9％，每公顷可挽回损失261．7～553．3kg。     

花生疮痂病在青岛市的发生及防治技术研究

花生疮痂病近几年在青岛市大面积发生,已成为青岛花生产区一种主要病害。通过轮作、地膜覆盖均能减轻该病危害,且轮作防治效果明显。田间以30%苯甲丙环唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂和70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂防治效果较好。     

花生疮痂病发生概况与研究进展

花生疮痂病是花生的主要病害之一,病害流行年份一般病田减产10％～30％,严重田块损失可达50％以上.近年来在国内逐年扩大蔓延,威胁着花生生产.本文从该病的分布、危害、病害症状、病原菌及其生物特性、流行规律及防治方法等方面对其国内外研究展开论述,提出该病研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行展望.     

花生及花生油中危害物污染调查

为了解花生及花生油中危害物污染情况,本研究共收集25份花生样品和21份花生油样品开展危害物污染调查,其中花生进行农残污染调查,花生油进行农残、苯并芘和塑化剂污染调查。结果表明,花生和花生油样品均未检测到农药超标,其中13份花生样品和8份花生油样品检测到农药残留,检出率分别为52.00%和38.10%;9份样品检出1种农药残留,12份样品检出2种及以上农药残留;杀虫剂毒死蜱的检出率较高,为34.78%;花生油中苯并芘的检出范围为1～5μg/kg,均未超出国家标准;5份花生油样品检出塑化剂,检出率为23.81%,1份花生油样品塑化剂超标,超标率为4.76%。本研究为花生及花生油中危害物的防控提供了数据支撑。     

国内外花生病毒病研究概况

近二十多年来,世界二十多个花生生产国对花生病毒病进行了研究,并取得了一定进展。我国近年来对此病也做了一些调查和研究,获得了一些资料。为了有效地控制花生病毒病的危害,确保花生的高产稳产,现将国内外关于花生病毒病的有关文献资料加以综合,供作参考。     

广东花生新病害—疮痂病的调查研究

广东花生新病害—疮痂病的调查研究张宝棣（华南农业大学植保系），彭庆平，何容根云南农业大学学报，—１９９５，１０（４）．—２７５～２７８１９９２年春广东花都市春花生大面积暴发一种新病害—疮痂病，１９９３年该病继续猖獗危害。经鉴定，病原菌为Ｓｆｏａｃｅｉ...     

花生中真菌毒素危害因子风险排序研究

为花生质量安全风险监测和风险评估提供参考,依据食品风险期望值排序方法,收集并检测604个来自8个省市的花生样本,按照花生真菌毒素检测数据和限量标准,对花生中真菌毒素风险因子危害程度进行标识,确立花生真菌毒素风险因子评价指标,建立了一种花生中真菌毒素危害风险因子查找、识别和排序的规范方法,并给出了花生中真菌霉毒素危害风险因子风险排序实例。     

花生种植栽培模式对花生地上害虫发生的影响

为明确春花生和夏花生主要地上害虫发生特点的差异,在山东花生主产区进行了不同播期花生主要害虫发生情况田间调查。结果表明,春花生和夏花生上发生的地上害虫优势种和为害盛期有明显不同。危害春花生的主要害虫是花生蚜、花生叶螨、2代棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾和蓟马,且不同播期为害程度存在显著性差异;危害夏花生的主要害虫是3代棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾和蓟马。     

花生叶斑病防治指标试验简结

花生叶斑病在我省花生产区普遍发生,危害严重。一般因病减产10—20％,严重者达30％以上。为了控制叶斑病危害,提高花生产量,自1982年以来,我们对该病进行了系统观察和指标化防治试验、示范,取得了显著的防病增产效果。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。