河北省主推中筋小麦品种面条加工适应性研究

为了解河北省主推中筋小麦品种的面条加工适应性、筛选优质面条小麦品种,对河北省19个主推中筋小麦品种的籽粒、面粉品质性状及面条加工品质特性进行了系统检测与分析。结果表明,河北省中筋小麦品种大部分品质性状的遗传多样性较为丰富;适宜制作面条加工的小麦品种有16个,占河北主推中筋小麦品种的84.21%,其中适宜制作优质面条的小麦品种有6个;面条感官总分与中筋小麦面粉的湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关,与拉伸长度呈显著正相关,与弱化度呈显著负相关,与面条质构参数(TPA)的粘聚性和回复性均呈极显著正相关,与面条TPA的弹性、胶着性、咀嚼度和拉伸距离均呈显著正相关;面条TPA指标参数可间接反映面条的感官品质。     

基因型、环境及其互作对黄淮麦区小麦淀粉品质性状的影响

利用1997～1998年度黄淮南北片两组区域试验部分试点的材料，测定了降落值、峰值粘度和稀懈值等淀粉性状。在方差分析、回归分析的基础上，还采用AMMI模型和PATTERN模式进行分析，目的在于研究黄淮麦区小麦基因型、环境及其互作对淀粉品质性状的影响，为该区小麦品质改良和优质小麦区域化生产提供依据。结果表明，基因型、环境和基因型与环境互作对淀粉品质均有显著影响，22个参试品种中鲁麦14、温麦6号和95中459的淀粉品质较好；15个试验地点中北片的衡水、石家庄，南片的郑州和泾阳的小麦淀粉品质较好；用AMMI模型和PATTERN模式分析小麦淀粉品质性状G×E交互作用的效果优于线性回归模型。     

基因型和环境对安徽小麦品质性状的影响

为了解基因型和环境对小麦面粉类胡萝卜素含量、LOX活性、白度、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和总淀粉含量的影响,选用15个小麦品种连续2年在安徽省4个试点进行试验,分析了15个小麦品种籽粒类胡萝卜素含量和其他5个品质性状的异同。结果表明,供试材料的6个被测品质性状在基因型间的差异均达到极显著水平;类胡萝卜素含量和蛋白质含量在环境间差异达到显著或极显著水平。被测品质性状在年份间差异均达显著或极显著水平(湿面筋含量除外);环境×年份的互作对LOX活性、白度、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和总淀粉含量的效应极显著;基因型×环境互作对类胡萝卜素含量、LOX活性、白度的影响极显著;基因型×年份、环境×年份、基因型×环境×年份互作对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、总淀粉含量的效应极显著。     

郑麦1860品质特性及面条加工适用性分析

为明确郑麦1860的品质及加工适用性,对2020-2021年河南省29个地点收获的郑麦1860的籽粒性状、磨粉品质、面团流变学特性、淀粉糊化特性和面条加工品质指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明,郑麦1860为优质中强筋面条小麦品种,特点是籽粒大、容重高、出粉率高,面条弹性好、色泽白亮、褐变较轻。在不同地点间郑麦1860的多数品质性状变异程度小,品质表现较稳定;相比较而言,其粉质参数、拉伸参数变异程度较大,淀粉糊化特性和面筋特性变异程度次之,籽粒品质性状、磨粉品质和面条加工参数变异程度较小。籽粒硬度、粒径、容重与出粉率呈显著正相关;容重、籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉灰分含量与面条总评分呈显著负相关;面粉色泽L^*值、吸水率、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、终值黏度、回生值与面条总评分呈显著正相关。综上所述,籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉色泽和淀粉糊化特性是影响郑麦1860面条品质的主要因素。郑麦1860制作的面条感官评分高、品质稳定,在豫北、豫东和豫南等区域种植均适合制作优质面条。     

小麦淀粉与面条质量关系的研究进展

小麦淀粉品质对白盐面条的质量（尤其是煮后的感官特性）有重要影响。直链与支链淀粉的含量及比例是影响面条质量的重要因素,是造成不同小麦品种淀粉糊化和膨胀特性及面条质量差异的物质基础。较低直链淀粉含量的小麦粉具有较好的糊化和膨胀特性,制作的面条煮制时吸水率高,烹调损失低,具有较高的感官评分。优质白盐面条的直链淀粉含量应在22%左右。峰值黏度、稀懈值、峰值时间是影响面条质量的重要糊化参数,这3项参数高的小麦粉适合制作优质面条。高膨胀势或膨胀体积的小麦粉制作的面条中等偏软,光滑且富有弹性,可以作为面条用小麦的重要选择标准。一般认为,直链淀粉含量较低、峰值黏度和稀懈值高、峰值时间长、膨胀势或膨胀体积高的小麦粉适合制作优质白盐面条。其中,直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度和膨胀势是优质面条小麦评价的关键品质性状。     

小麦Wx蛋白及主要淀粉性状与面条品质的关系

为了研究小麦Wx蛋白及淀粉主要性状与面条品质的关系，对26个小麦品种的Wx蛋白含量、直链淀粉含量、峰值粘度、膨胀势进行了测定，并探讨了其与面条品质的关系。结果表明．三种Wx蛋白亚基的含量与面条品质均呈显著负相关．相关系数分别为-0．598、-0．446和-0．451；直链淀粉含量与面条品质呈显著负相关，相关系数为-0．711；峰值粘度和膨胀势与面条品质呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0．614和0．601。表明三种Wx蛋白亚基及直链淀粉含量、峰值粘度、膨胀势均与面条品质有密切关系，呈显著相关（正向或负向）。     

小麦面条加工品质研究进展

本文从面条煮面品质鉴定方法、面条品质与小麦（面粉）品质的关系和小麦面条品质遗传改良等方法阐述了国内外小麦面条加工研究进展。面粉的理化特性对各类面条品质均有重要影响。对日本式加盐白面条而言，淀粉质量较蛋白质（面筋）含量与质量更为重要，淀粉质量对中国面条也有重要作用；面筋强度、淀粉糊化特性、面条色泽及其稳定性是小麦面条品质改良最基本的选择指标。自20世纪80年代以来，国外把面条品质遗传改良的重点放在对淀粉质量的改良上，把淀粉糊化峰值粘度、面粉膨胀体积、直链淀粉含量等做为日本加盐白面条品质改良的选择指标，利用面粉膨胀体积法、凝胶电泳和分子标记法对育种早代材料进行面条品质鉴定筛选。     

稻米主要食味品质基因型与环境互作分析及其相关性研究

以南方稻区企业水稻区试联合体长江中下游中籼迟熟组3个区试点的24个杂交水稻品种为试验材料,进行了稻米糊化温度和直链淀粉含量的基因型、环境以及基因型与环境互作的分析。结果表明,糊化温度和直链淀粉含量的基因型和环境差异均达到极显著水平,基因型效应大于环境及基因型与环境互作效应。同时分析了糊化温度和直链淀粉含量与其他品质性状的相关性。相关分析结果表明,糊化温度与透明度呈极显著负相关,与直链淀粉含量呈负相关但未达显著水平;直链淀粉含量与垩白度、垩白粒率呈极显著正相关。     

长期定位施肥对不同筋力型小麦品质的影响

为了解长期施肥对小麦品质的作用,在33年长期定位施肥试验的基础上,分析了不同施肥条件下强筋小麦品种徐麦32和弱筋小麦品种宁麦13蛋白及淀粉相关品质特性。结果表明,有机肥、无机肥以及有机肥与品种的互作对小麦大部分蛋白和淀粉特性参数有显著或极显著影响。施肥对徐麦32和宁麦13蛋白质含量、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值及面粉糊化特性参数影响基本一致。单施氮肥处理的蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理,单施有机肥处理显著低于其他处理,其他处理间无显著差异。干、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值与蛋白质含量呈较明显的正相关。施有机肥处理的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度及峰值时间均显著高于不施有机肥处理,说明有机肥能显著改善小麦面粉的糊化特性;而无论施有机肥与否,施用无机肥不能显著改善面粉糊化特性。综上所述,长期有机、无机肥配合施用有利于弱筋小麦品质的改善,而对强筋小麦品质的改善不利。大田生产中应根据不同专用品种对品质的不同要求施用不同种类的肥料。     

利用RIL群体分析小麦品质与中国干面条加工品质的关系

为了解小麦品质对面条品质的影响,以RIL群体为材料,对小麦品质性状与面条品质间的关系进行了全面的分析.简单相关分析表明,面团形成时间和稳定时间与面条品质指标呈显著正相关,除了峰值粘度与胶凝值外,其它的RVA参数均与面条的光滑度呈显著相关.但蛋白质含量、GMP含量、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量、沉淀值、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、降落值、膨胀势、峰值粘度等多数性状与面条品质相关均不显著.回归分析结果表明, 影响面条品质的小麦品质性状主要有蛋白质含量、GMP含量、沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和稀懈值,并建立了面条品质与以上性状的回归方程.通过通径分析明确了蛋白质含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间以及稀懈值对面条品质的作用主要以直接作用为主,GMP含量和沉淀值通过直接效应和间接效应的共同作用来影响面条品质.面团稳定时间是衡量面条加工品质的最重要的性状.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.