水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换特性研究概述

水稻光温敏核不育系分成光敏型与温敏型两个基本类型。光温敏核不育系普遍存在育性表达不稳定的现象。不育基因背景来源不同,其光温敏起点指标有差异。不育性受微效多基因控制,经多代繁殖后育性转换起点温度发生＂漂变＂,表现不育性不稳定性,不育系在起点温度上的遗传基础不纯则是导致不育性表达不稳定的内在原因。严格采用原种生产程序,可保持不育系群体育性转换起点温度的相对稳定性。     

两系法杂交水稻研究和应用中若干问题的思与行

指出了当前我国两系法杂交水稻研究和应用中面临的主要问题,即两系法杂交水稻体系中不育系的称谓和分类不规范,生产上利用的水稻两用核不育系育性温光反应特性研究不清楚,水稻两用核不育系繁殖和两系法杂交稻制种基地选择不当等。针对当前情形,结合多年育种实践,提出了解决这些问题的对策及措施。建议将水稻两用核不育系分为长光高温不育型、高温不育型、短光低温不育型、低温不育型等四种类型。提出了水稻光温不育机理设想,即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果,微效不育基因可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度。只有深入研究光温敏型不育系育性的光温组合效应,且获得具体的光温指标,才能更好地指导两系法杂交水稻制种和不育系繁殖。提出了水稻两用核不育系育性光温特性的鉴定方法以及两系法杂交稻种子生产应根据不育系育性温光特性和历史气象资料来合理安排基地和时段。     

水稻光温敏核不育机理研究进展与展望

探明光温敏核不育水稻育性转换与调控机理,是规避两系杂交水稻制种风险和保持我国杂交水稻研究领先地位的关键领域之一。综合国内外研究成果,从光温敏核不育水稻的光温反应特性、育性的遗传学、基因组学、育性转换的蛋白质组学及代谢组学等五个方面进行归纳分析,并展望了未来的主攻方向,以期为进一步深入开展光温敏核不育水稻育性转换机理的研究提供参考。     

籼型光温敏两系不育系H153S的选育及应用

光温敏核不育系转育起点温度的高低是决定两系杂交水稻制种能否安全的关键因素之一,选育起点温度较低的光温敏核不育系可以显著提高两系杂交水稻制种纯度。本课题组利用系谱选育法,将播始历期较短、不育起点温度较高、农艺性状较好的两系不育系中间材料7HS006与播始历期较长、育性转换温度较低的绿102S进行杂交,选育出籼型两系不育系H153S,该不育系的不育起点温度较低,育性稳定,可繁性、农艺性状较好。H153S将在两系杂交水稻制种和推广中起重要的实际应用价值。     

临界温度双低两用不育水稻的筛选研究

针对目前应用的两用不育系繁殖中可育温度范围较窄的缺点而提出了临界温度双低两用不育水稻（即引起水稻生殖障碍的生理不育临界温度和诱导育性转换的不育临界温度均低）的概念。概述了筛选双低两用不育水稻的理论依据、研究进展和筛选方法。     

水稻光温敏核不育机理设想及光温敏核不育系选育策略

为更深入了解水稻光温敏核不育的遗传机理,综述了我国水稻光温敏核不育机理研究取得的成就及存在问题,提出了水稻光温敏核不育机理新设想,即水稻光温敏不育系中不存在光敏不育基因和温敏不育基因,其育性转换是主效不育基因与发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果;正常水稻品种中存在的不育基因位点(微效不育基因)可影响光温敏核不育系的不育起点温度,微效不育基因聚合越多,则不育系不育起点温度越低;微效不育基因完全纯合,则不育起点温度不会漂变。基于不育机理新设想,提出了光温敏核不育系选育的策略,即不同生态区、不同生态类型的光温敏核不育系选育的光温指标不一样,增压选择是选育低不育起点温度核不育系的技术核心,全面提高综合性状水平和配合力是选育实用光温敏核不育系技术的关键。     

籼型水稻短日低温不育核不育系go543S的选育研究

ｇｏ５４３Ｓ在遗传分类上属籼型水稻短日低温光温敏核不育系。育性转换的临界温度较高，从不育转换成可育必需要３ｄ以上的日平均气温在３１℃以上的温度诱导。因此，有较长的不育期，又有一定的可育期。     

水稻光温敏核不育系株系育性鉴定保纯法原种生产技术

针对两系法杂交水稻生产中迫切需要解决光温敏不育系不育起点温度漂变的问题,结合多年两系法杂交水稻育种经验和光温敏核不育系C815S原种生产实践,提出了水稻光温敏核不育系株系育性鉴定保纯法原种生产技术,阐述了单株选择、田块选择和季节安排、大田栽培管理、育性鉴定、冷水串灌、再生繁殖、收种等关键技术措施。     

水稻籼型光温敏核不育系天源903S的选育与利用

水稻籼型光温敏核不育系天源903S是以早籼型光温敏核不育系HD9802S为母本、中籼型光温敏核不育系华201S为父本杂交,经多代选育和低温筛选育成的水稻早籼型光温敏核不育系,2015年8月通过湖北省种子管理局组织的技术鉴定.该不育系育性转换特性稳定,开花习性和品质性状好,繁殖和制种产量高.利用其配制的杂交晚稻组合天两优...     

培矮64S和K1405S春季冷灌繁殖技术探讨

培矮６４Ｓ和Ｋ１４０５Ｓ分别是湖南杂交水稻研究中心和广西农科院新育成的低温敏核不育系，均已通过省级鉴定。低温敏核不育系的繁殖是比较困难的，首先是育性转换临界温度较低，与生物学下限温度幅差小，育性恢复后易遭到致害温度的影响，结实率不高。其次是适宜正常开花结实的温度高于育性转换临界温度，繁殖需要的前低后高的气温模式在自然条件下是较难找到的。第三是育性转换温度较低，繁殖期间气温略为偏高不育花粉增加，影响结实。为了探讨低温敏核不育系的繁殖技术，加快该不育系的开发应用，笔者在１９９７年对该不育系进行了认真…     

冷水处理对水稻温敏核不育系育性影响的初步研究

报道了不同临界温度温敏核不育系的育性对冷水处理的反应，证实适当温度的冷水处理具有恢复育性的效果，并讨论了冷水处理、材料耐冷性及冷水处理的应用等问题     

选育适合北方气候条件的光温敏核不育水稻的技术探讨

 分别在沈阳设置盆栽人工控制光长试验和连云港进行分期播种试验，研究了农垦58S、培矮64S、衡农-1S和衡农-3S对光温的反应。参试的两用核不育水稻的育性表达对光长核温度的反应不同。一类为高温条件下不育，低温条件下可育；；另一类为高温下可育，低温下不育。北方的低温加大了选育实用型光温敏核不育水稻的难度。提出了辽宁以北地区实用型两用不育系的选育策略核光温临界指标。     

水稻温敏不育系育性与温度的相关性分析

通过利用水稻温敏核不育系分期播种试验在不同的自然温度条件下的育性观察结果，进行育性与温度的相关性分析，结合散布图，可以判定温敏雄性不育系育性转换的温度敏感期及敏感期长短，不育基因表达所需的临界日均温值以及育性的稳定性。结果表明，温敏不育系的可育性与敏感期日均温呈极显著的负相关，不同不育系的温敏期距开花的具体日期，临界日均温值和育性遗传稳定性是不同的。     

模拟盛夏低气温条件下水温对水稻温敏不育系育性的影响

 在模拟盛夏低气温的条件下（日平均温度22.5或23.0℃），研究了8个温敏不育系在28.6、26.8和24.0℃处理时的不育性。结果表明高于温敏不育系临界温度的温水，可以保持温敏不育系的雄性不育性稳定。为利用水温作为一个有效手段防止盛夏低温引起的负效应提供了理论基础。     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.     

Fertility Expression of TGMS-Genes in the Backgrounds of indica CMS-lines, B-lines and R-lines of Hybrid Rice

The cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS-lines) and photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (P/TGMS-lines) are important genetic tools in hybrid rice breeding, which served as the female parents of the three-line and two-line hybrid rice breeding system, respectively. It has been reported that the CMS system possesses complete and stable sterility which is controlled by the interaction of the abortive cytoplasm and nucleus genes from their cognate B-lines [1] but TGMS-lines used t…     

安农S—1的研究及其利用概况

安农Ｓ－１是国内外首次在籼稻中发现并育成的籼型温敏核不育系，开辟了水稻杂种优势利用的新途径。对安农Ｓ－１育性的温光反应特点、遗传行为及生理生化研究等方面进行了综述；概括了安农Ｓ－１在两系法杂交水稻育种中的利用情况，并展望了其应用前景。     

Thoughts and Practice on Some Problems about Research and Application of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temperature responses and the unsuitable site selection for male sterile line and hybrid rice seed production. In order to efficiently and accurately use dual-purpose genic male sterile lines, four types, including PTGMS (photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), TGMS (thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), reverse PTGMS and reverse TGMS, were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in dual-purpose hybrid rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in the cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes and photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones. The minor-effect genes with accumulative effect on sterility were important factors that affected the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of dual-purpose lines, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made and the identification method for the characterization of photoperiod and temperature responses of PTGMS should also be put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of seed production.     

New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile(TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150 GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 mm. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150 GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines(TNAU18S and TNAU60S) had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively.Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29-150 GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18 S and TNAU60 S produced 16.6 g and13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz.TNAU18S/IET21508(36 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21044(13 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21009(26.5 g/plant),TNAU60S/CB-09-106(26.2 g/plant), TNAU60S/IET21009(14 g/plant) and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306(39.2g/plant) showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18 S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150 GY.