新疆2020年棉花生产概况及存在问题与策略

通过棉花产业调研,对2020年新疆棉花生产、籽棉销售、加工销售、皮棉价格、棉花补贴等情况进行了汇总,并归纳和分析了2020年度新疆棉花产业突出问题.调研发现,2020年新疆棉花植棉面积稳定,棉花综合生长发育指数偏高,总产单产显著增加,籽棉交售价格高于预期,植棉效益上升.同时,还存在品质下滑、水资源紧缺、异常天气频发、病虫害偏重发生等问题,并提出了相应建议措施.以期促进新疆棉花产业绿色健康可持续发展.     

2022年新疆棉花生产概况及存在问题与对策

对2022年新疆棉花生产、籽棉销售、加工销售、皮棉价格、棉花补贴等情况进行了汇总，归纳和分析了2022年度新疆棉花产业突出问题，并提出了相应建议，助力新疆棉花产业发展。     

新疆2019年棉花产业情况概述及存在问题与策略

通过对新疆地区棉花产业的调研表明,2019年新疆棉花生产方面"面积稳定,产量比重增加,机采棉面积快速增长,品质意识逐步增强,市场品质导向明显,生产成本基本不变,但植棉效益下降";棉花加工纺织方面"籽棉价格低位运行,高品质棉有价无市,皮棉价格下行,国内外价差缩小,纺织服装产业稳步增长,棉纺企业产能已达1800万锭"。同时分析了新形势下新疆棉花生产在"棉花生产环境压力,规模化、标准化、机械化、智能化发展,植棉成本与植棉效益,原棉品质和生产者结构"等方面存在的问题,并提出了对策。旨在促进新疆棉花绿色健康发展。     

新疆植棉区2018年棉花生产概况与种业报告

为了新疆棉花种业健康可持续发展,通过对新疆植棉区棉花生产和种业情况的调研,阐述了2018年新疆棉花生产概况、种业发展现状及存在问题,分析了新疆棉花种业发展需求、发展趋势,并对新疆棉花种业的发展提出了相应的对策。     

河北省棉花产业考察简报

对河北省重点植棉市(县)的棉花产业现状进行了调研,分析了近年河北省棉花种植面积下降的原因,阐述了新疆目标价格政策对内地棉花生产和产业链的影响,提出了内地棉花正孕育着植棉现代化的积极因素而亟待扶持的观点,并针对未来内地棉花的发展提出了对策和建议.     

河北省邯郸市棉花生产现状及建议

通过对河北省邯郸市棉花生产现状的调查研究,分析了邯郸市棉花的主要种植模式,并针对当前存在的品种多、乱、杂、价格不稳、销售不畅等问题,提出了政府加强政策调控、农业科研部门明确各植棉县的当家品种等加快棉花产业发展的建议。     

提升江西植棉效益和实现植棉现代化问题探讨

为了江西棉花产业的健康发展,推进乡村振兴战略的顺利实施。作者通过对江西棉花产业状况的调研,总结和分析了"江西植棉区农业农村面临的问题和阻碍棉区农业现代化的几个问题",从"振兴农业、保障内需和江西植棉适宜性"等方面阐述了江西发展棉花生产和实现植棉现代化的必要性,同时对江西植棉区提升种植效益和实现植棉现代化提出了一些举措。     

2018年新疆棉花生产情况、市场形势与政策建议

2018年新疆棉花播种面积增加，单产略降，总产量提高，机采棉普及率提高，主栽品种集中; 新棉上市之后，籽棉收购价高开低走，同比下滑，皮棉价格也持续下行。受棉花供给充裕、需求下滑影响，2018/2019年度国内棉花价格可能呈下行趋势。下一步，新疆还应继续推进棉花质量与补贴挂钩试点，支持产业联盟发展，统一兵团、地方籽棉收购政策，引导加工企业合理布局，扩大棉花“价格保险＋期货”试点。     

简讯

一、福建省植棉大有前途福建省从1956年开始试种棉花,经过三年摸索,已获得成功。龙溪后房木棉农场1956年种植长绒3号棉亩产籽棉80斤,1958年种植岱字15号亩产籽棉236斤,其他如长绒德字棉等也都获得了不同的高产,连江县岱字棉的卫星棉田产籽棉1,100多斤。我省无霜期长,多山地,适宜植棉。只要积极改进植棉技术,加强防治病虫害,棉花产量一定会迅速提高。为了解决人民的需要并减少国家调运棉花的负担,我省1959年植棉面积已扩大到5万亩。(福建省龙溪县后房木棉农场康秀山)     

基于SWOT分析的江西棉花产业发展现状与对策

近年来,江西省棉花产业呈现不断萎缩的局面,为稳定江西省棉花种植面积,推动江西省棉花产业的发展.课题组通过查阅资料、实地调查等方法,搜集了大量的数据,运用SWOT分析,对江西棉花产业的优势、劣势及面临的机遇和挑战进行分析,并针对存在的问题,从稳固棉花基础性地位、提高农民植棉积极性、完善基础设施建设、培育新型植棉主体、开发植棉新机械、强化棉花产品质量等方面提出了建议.     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。