香椿蔬菜叶用经济林矮化密植丰产园栽培技术

香椿蔬菜叶用经济林矮化密植丰产园栽培技术,是河南省信阳市林科所的一项研究成果。研究结果表明:0.0667 hm2香椿叶芽蔬菜产量达到560 kg以上的高额丰产指标。其关键技术为:灌木式栽培模式,实施矮干化作业,降低香椿蔬菜叶用林树木高度,解决因香椿树体高大造成采摘叶芽困难的难题;实施高密度栽培,采用大穴圆形整地丛株植生组造林法。通过采用适树适地建园、合理定干修剪、采摘叶芽和精心管理等技术措施,实现香椿蔬菜叶用经济林叶芽产量的丰收。     

野生水蕨菜栽培技术

水蕨菜（dipalaziume sculentum Sw）又称龙头菜、拳头菜等,以叶芽生长出来未开展的羽状叶和幼嫩叶柄供食,可食部分营养价值很高。据报道每kg食用蕨菜茎叶中,含有蛋白质16g,脂肪4g,碳水化合物100g,粗纤维13g,钙24mg,磷290mg,铁67mg。胡萝卜素168mg,维生素C35mg,各种氨基酸的含量也很高,其嫩滑可口的食味成为家庭、酒楼的高档蔬菜。     

蔬菜中硝酸盐的含量及其调控

蔬菜不同品种或器官中硝酸盐含量相差很大,一般叶菜类蔬菜中硝酸盐较高,而块根、块茎和果菜类蔬菜中硝酸盐含量较低.影响作物生长的诸多因素基本上都影响蔬菜的硝酸盐含量,如氮肥的用量、品种、施肥期,以及水分、光照、空气中CO2含量等.控制氮肥用量和施肥期,适时采摘和食用前浸泡洗涤都可以控制或减少蔬菜的硝酸盐含量.     

松茸子实体营养成分比较研究

以从西南地区采集的 4个松茸子实体为材料 ,测定了其粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分、矿质元素和维生素含量。试验结果表明 ,松茸子实体中粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪和灰分的平均含量分别为 11.984 %、6 .74 4%、3.0 0 9%和 6 .94 0 %。矿质元素中K、Ca、Mg含量较高 ,1号、2号和 4号样品的平均含量分别为 3.1× 10 4mg kg、1.6 2× 10 3 mg kg和 5 .5 8× 10 2 mg kg。产于云南昌隆的松茸子实体中 ,Fe、Mn含量最高 ,分别为 6 2 .2 82mg kg和 6 .0 6 4mg kg ;产于重庆的松茸子实体中 ,Cu含量最高 ,为 5 2 .84 5mg kg ;Zn含量在 4个子实体中差异不大。 4个松茸子实体中维生素B1和维生素B2 的平均含量分别为 0 .2 10mg 10 0g和 3.6 6 5mg 10 0 g。     

早熟黄瓜新品种蔬研5号在麻阳地区的表现

蔬研5号是湖南省蔬菜研究所选育的早熟黄瓜品种. 2010年通过湖南省品种审定,品种登记编号为XPD012-2010. 该品种肉质致密、脆嫩、心腔小、果肉厚、耐贮运、商品性佳. 1 种植表现 2013年,因院县合作项目,在麻阳县江口墟镇骆子村国家设施蔬菜标准园早熟示范栽培蔬研5号0.53 hm2,667 m2 产量 4 927.15 kg, 比对照增产16.88%,增值1 696.91元;在绿溪口乡洲上国家设施蔬菜标准园示范栽培 0.8 hm2,667 m2 产量4 895.38 kg, 比对照增产19.12%, 增值1 764.88元;两地平均667 m2产量4 908.09 kg,比对照增产17.91%,增值1 737.69元.     

山东省莒县桃树研究所 中国农业科学院果树研究所 桃育种试验示范基地山东省设施桃育种基地

<正>一、设施(大棚)专用高糖油桃品种1.鲁油2号:单果重155克,果肉黄,可溶性固形物含量15.7%,果实生育期65天;2.鲁油3号:单果重152克,果肉黄,可溶性固形物含量17%,果实生育期68天左右;3.鲁油5号:单果重162克,果肉黄,可溶性固形物含量16%,果实生育期70天左右;另有鲁油1号、鲁油4号、中油4号、金辉、12-33、早金辉等。二、中晚熟高糖油桃品种品系1.8-4-13袖珍油桃:单果重50克,白肉,可溶性固形物含量18%~24%,7月上旬成熟;     

利用雄性不育系育成桔梗新品种‘中梗1号’、‘中梗2号’和‘中梗3号’

 ‘中梗1号’、‘中梗2号’和‘中梗3号’是利用雄性不育系GP1BC1-12-11配制选择出的桔梗一代杂种,生长势强,根部药材产量高,抗立枯病。2年生‘中梗1号’桔梗总皂苷含量2.45%,桔梗皂苷D含量0.092%,侧根少,适于饮片加工。‘中梗2号’桔梗总皂苷含量2.89%,桔梗皂苷D含量0.097%,适于提取加工。‘中梗3号’桔梗总皂苷含量2.59%,桔梗皂苷D含量0.077%,粗纤维含量低,适于食用和药用。     

椰子新品种‘文椰4号’

 ‘文椰4号’是从‘香水椰子’中选育出的椰子新品种,植株矮小,平均单果质量870 g,椰肉蛋白质含量7.1%,脂肪含量48.5%,椰水可溶性固形物含量7.8%,味甜浓香,适宜作为鲜果食用。     

复合微生物肥料在无公害蔬菜栽培上的效应初报

施用复合微生物肥料使番茄产量提高 7.3 %～ 11.1% ,可溶性固形物含量提高 0 .9%～ 1.3 % ,硝酸盐含量降低 2 7.2 %～ 3 4 .8% ;苦瓜产量提高 10 .7%～ 16.1% ,硝酸盐含量降低 2 8.7%～ 3 6.1% ;菜薹产量提高 7.2 %～ 15.1% ,硝酸盐含量降低 55.6%～ 61.5%。各处理产品中的硝酸盐含量及有害元素的含量 ,均符合无公害蔬菜产品质量标准要求     

山东省莒县桃树研究所中国农业科学院果树研究所 联合桃育种基地山东省设施桃育种基地

<正>一、设施(大棚)专用高糖油桃品种1.鲁油2号:单果重155克,果肉黄,可溶性固形含量15.7%,果实生育期65天;2.鲁油3号:单果重152克,果肉黄,可溶性固形含量17%,果实生育期68天左右;3.鲁油5号:单果重162克,果肉黄,可溶性固形含量16%,果实生育期70天左右;另有鲁油1号,鲁油4号,中油4号,金辉,中油18,12-33,早金辉等。     

蔬菜幼苗叶面积快速测定方法筛选与优化

为得到一种快速且准确测定蔬菜幼苗叶面积的方法,以番茄幼苗为试材,以方格法为对照,研究扫描分析法、叶面积仪法、打孔称重法测定叶面积的准确性、精确性与测定速度,然后采用黄瓜、辣椒叶片及纸片的面积对测定结果进行验证,最后基于不同扫描分辨率对筛选出的方法进行优化。结果表明,相比叶面积仪法和打孔称重法,扫描分析法测定结果更接近真实值,且精度更高,用时更短。扫描分析法不同分辨率下测定结果无显著差异,且扫描分辨率越低所需测定时间越短。扫描分辨率50 dpi下的扫描分析法可作为一种快速准确测定蔬菜幼苗叶面积的方法。     

UV-B radiation and photosynthetic irradiance acclimate eggplant for outdoor exposure

Treatment of greenhouse-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum Nees. 'Burpee's Black Beauty') seedlings with supplemental photosynthetically active radiation from cool-white fluorescent lamps increased growth of plants subsequently transferred outdoors relative to growth of plants that received no supplemental radiation or were shaded to 45% of solar irradiation in the greenhouse before transfer outdoors. Eggplant seedlings transferred outdoors were placed under plastic tarps either to provide relative protection from solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-315 nm) using Mylar film or to allow exposure to UV-B using cellulose acetate. Protection of seedlings from UV-B radiation resulted in greater leaf expansion than for UV-B-exposed seedlings, but no change in leaf or shoot dry weight occurred after 9 days of treatment. Specific leaf weight increased in response to UV-B exposure outdoors. Exposure of eggplant to UV-B radiation from fluorescent sunlamps in the greenhouse also decreased leaf expansion and leaf and shoot dry weight gain after 5 days of treatment. However, there were no differences in leaf or shoot dry weight relative to control plants after 12 days of UV-B treatment, indicating that UV-B treated plants had acclimated to the treatment and actually had caught up with non-UV-B-irradiated plants in terms of growth.     

The response of different almond genotypes to moderate and severe water stress in order to screen for drought tolerance

In order to screen almond genotypes for drought tolerance, three different irrigation levels including moderate and severe stress (Ψs = −1.2 and −1.8 MPa respectively) and a control treatment (Ψs = −0.33 MPa) were applied for five weeks to six different cultivated almond seedlings. A factorial experiment was conducted with a RCBD which included 3 irrigations factors, 6 genotype factors and 3 replications. Seeds were prepared from controlled pollination of the bagged trees (after emasculation and flower isolation using isolator packets in the previous year). Genotypes included: homozygote sweet (Butte), heterozygote sweet (SH12, SH18, SH21 and White) and homozygote Bitter (Bitter Genotype). Leaf and root morphological and physiological traits including; midday relative water content, midday leaf (xylem) water potential, shoot dry weight and growth, total leaf area, leaf size, total leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf greenness (SPAD), stomatal size and density, root and leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured throughout the study. Results showed the six genotypes had different reactions to water stress but all genotypes showed an ability to tolerate the moderate and severe stresses and they showed different degrees of response time to drought stress. Almond seedling leaves could tolerate Ψ_w between −3 and −4 MPa in short periods. Water availability did not significantly affect stomatal density and size of young almond plants. The analysis of leaf anatomical traits and water relations showed the different strategies for almond genotypes under water stress conditions. Although almond seedlings even in severe stress kept their leaves, they showed a reduction in size to compensate for the stress effects. All genotypes managed to recover from moderate stress so Ψ_w = −1.2 could be tolerated well by almond seedlings but Ψ_w = −1.8 limited young plant growth. Leaf greenness, leaf size, shoot growth, shoot DW, TLDW and stomatal density were not good markers for drought resistance in almond seedlings. Root DW/LA, lower stomatal size and lower SLA might be related to drought resistance in cultivated almonds. Butte had the least resistance and White showed better performance during water stress while other genotypes were intermediate. Bitter seedlings showed no superiority in comparison with other genotypes under water stress conditions except for better germination and greater root DW which might make them suitable as rootstocks under irrigation conditions.     

Regeneration from leaf explants and protoplasts of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower)

Adventitious shoot regeneration and protoplast isolation and culture were examined from leaf explants of in vitro shoot cultures of several cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cultivars, sourced from Europe and Australia, was investigated with the aim to develop improved nuclear and plastid transformation protocols for this vegetable crop. Eight out of 10 cultivars regenerated shoots from at least 79% of leaf explants. Mesophyll protoplasts from leaves gave high yields and division frequencies. Growth of shoot cultures in large glass vessels with vented lids was the key factor in obtaining high protoplast division frequencies of up to 71% and at least 70% of protoplast calluses regenerating shoots.     

NaCl胁迫对番茄嫁接苗叶片ABA和多胺含量的影响

 以未经NaCl胁迫的番茄自根苗为对照, 研究了100 mmol·L ^{- 1} NaCl胁迫下番茄嫁接苗的生长、叶片ABA和多胺( PAs) 含量的变化。结果表明, 嫁接苗地上部和根的生物量显著高于对照。嫁接苗ABA含量显著高于对照, 胁迫2 d时比对照增加56.60%。胁迫2 d时嫁接苗多胺总量显著高于对照, 比对照增加14.96% , 腐胺( Put) 含量在胁迫2 d后显著低于对照, 亚精胺( Spd) 含量显著高于对照, 胁迫4～8 d之间两者差异不显著, 胁迫10 d时显著低于对照; 精胺( Spm) 含量显著高于对照, 胁迫10 d时比对照增加102.80%。嫁接苗Put/PAs值显著低于对照, 而( Spd + Spm) /Put值显著高于对照。表明NaCl胁迫下嫁接苗生物量显著高于对照, ABA和多胺含量变化显著, 表现出较强的耐盐特征。     

一品红组培苗快繁技术的研究

以一品红带芽茎段、叶片为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度配比的MS培养基对愈伤组织、芽的分化及增殖和试管苗生根的不同效应。结果表明:最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+BA0.2mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7.5g/L(pH 5.6),诱导率达到92.5%;芽的分化最佳培养基为MS+BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7.5g/L,不定芽的诱导率达到83.3%;芽的增殖培养基为MS+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂5g/L,增殖系数为10.8;而最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+BA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7.5g/L,每芽生根数平均为3.5条。该研究结果为一品红组培苗的工厂化生产提供了可靠的技术指标。     

不同保水剂对果菜类蔬菜育苗的影响

以茄子、节瓜、有棱丝瓜为材料,采用不同大小粒径的两种类型的保水剂育苗,研究保水剂对蔬菜幼苗质量以及保肥能力的影响。结果表明,育苗基质中保水剂浓度越高,育苗基质的保肥能力越强,但保水剂浓度过高时,会抑制蔬菜幼苗的生长,低浓度保水剂促进蔬菜幼苗生长效果明显,且小粒径保水剂壮苗效果优于大粒径保水剂,小粒径保水剂的浓度为1%时,育苗效果最佳,茄子、节瓜、有棱丝瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、最大叶片面积均达到最大值,与对照相比差异达极显著水平。     

P、K、Ca缺失对枇杷幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响

利用盆栽,观察了枇杷幼苗缺P、K、Ca时的外部症状和内部组织解剖结构,测定了根系活力,叶绿素含量及光合作用强弱。结果表明:缺P植株叶片暗绿,叶脉紫红色,老叶有坏死斑块易脱落,叶片光合量比对照低,根系发育不良,根系活力降低。缺K植株细弱,老叶有黄斑,叶面不平整,叶绿素含量显著降低,光合量最小。缺Ca植株矮小,叶片小、畸形,新叶边缘出现黄斑,根系发育不良,根皮率增加。     

水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响

以盆栽沙培1年生荔枝空中压条苗为试材,研究了水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系和梢生长的影响以及二者的相互关系。3个处理为:沙体积含水量为7.5%(严重缺水),15.0%(一般缺水),22.5%(充分供水)。结果表明:水分胁迫严重抑制荔枝幼树地上部分和各级侧根的生长,使地上部枝梢生长严重受阻,叶片数量、平均叶面积、叶片厚度均显著变小;根总干重、侧根长度、根表面积显著减少。水分胁迫下促进须根的生长,须根的长度、根表面积比水分充足时显著增加。水分胁迫时叶片淀粉含量下降,而根系积累更多的淀粉。比较不同处理的根梢比发现,干旱对根系生长的抑制作用比枝梢更显著。     

植物工厂中不同供液方式对辣椒育苗的影响

以植物工厂辣椒育苗为对象,研究漂浮式与潮汐式供液方式对育苗的影响。试验结果表明,漂浮式处理营养液和基质pH值显著高于潮汐式处理,EC值显著低于潮汐式处理;与潮汐式处理相比,漂浮式处理中幼苗株高、茎粗分别增加18.4%,23.6%;漂浮式处理幼苗根尖数、总根长、直径在0~0.5 mm的根长分别增加了37.0%,45.5%,50.1%;幼苗地上部鲜质量、全株鲜质量、地上部含水量、植株含水量分别增加45.6%,32.1%,2.5%,1.8%。漂浮式育苗显著促进辣椒幼苗侧根生长,形成良好的根系系统,促进根系对水分和可溶性盐类的吸收,加快地上部形态建成,提升种苗整体质量。