西藏色季拉山杜鹃花种质资源的初步研究

色季拉山杜鹃花有２５个种及变种，其中７种分布于东坡，３种分布于西坡，４种分布于山顶地带，１１种在东西坡均有分布。其生境类型可分为林缘灌丛型、森林型、高山灌丛型３类，以森林型种类居多，占４８％。其观赏类群可分为香花类、团花类、雅致类和黄花类４群，以香花类和黄花类观赏价值最高，雅致类最易被驯化利用。     

贵州亚热带地区野生秋海棠种质资源及其生境类型

 贵州亚热带地区有野生秋海棠19 种(含新记录种) , 其中1 种仅分布于黔北, 1种仅分布于黔东北, 4 种仅分布于黔东南, 8 种仅分布于黔南。其生境类型可分为灌丛湿地型、森林湿地型和阴湿岩石型, 以阴湿岩石型的种类较多。其按用途可分为观赏型和兼用型,以观赏型种类占多数。粗喙秋海棠、截裂秋海棠、美丽秋海棠、光叶秋海棠和小秋海棠5种处于濒危状态。     

平菇类栽培中值得注意的几项措施

平菇、凤尾菇是人们喜爱的食用菌,它的适应性广,容易栽培。但是要种好这类菇,且获得最大的经济效益却不是一件容易的事。笔者根据多年栽培实践,提出以下几点注意事项,供栽培者参考。(一)根据季节选择菇型:平菇类根据其出菇温度可分为低温型5—15℃、中温型15—22℃和高温型18—28℃。根据季节、环境、市场需求,在自然气温下,如9月可选中温型凤尾菇栽培;11月以后随着气温下降,可选低温型平菇;3—4月后随着气温上升,又可选中温型凤尾菇;5月以后则可选高温型凤尾     

铁线莲属4种植物的花芽分化研究

利用石蜡切片法对大叶铁线莲(Clematisheracleifolia)、东北铁线莲(C.ternifloravar.mandshurica)、棉团铁线莲(C. hexapetala)和褐毛铁线莲(C. fusca)的花芽分化过程进行了观察。结果表明,4种植物的花芽分化过程可分为5个时期,未见明显花萼或花瓣分化或退化现象,各轮花器官为向心式发生,向心式发育。大叶铁线莲、东北铁线莲和棉团铁线莲还存在花序形成期。至各花器官形态分化完全,东北铁线莲及褐毛铁线莲花芽分化过程为10～12 d,棉团铁线莲为12～14 d,大叶铁线莲为15～17 d。     

粉绿铁线莲花芽分化研究

利用石蜡切片法对粉绿铁线莲(Clematis glauca)的花芽分化过程进行了观察。结果表明,其形态分化阶段可分为未分化期、分化初期、花被片分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期。各轮花器官为向心式发生,向心式发育。在性细胞分化成熟阶段,雄配子体先于雌配子体发育完全。花药4室,花药壁发育类型为双子叶型,具腺质绒毡层。胞质分裂为同时型,以四面体型四分体为主,花粉粒为2–细胞型。成熟花药中表皮细胞退化或仅余残迹,花药壁仅由纤维状加厚的内皮层构成。子房1室,内含少量退化胚珠及一发育正常的胚珠,倒生,单珠被,薄珠心,蓼形胚囊,具线形四分体及双核反足细胞。在铁线莲属植物中,粉绿铁线莲可能处于相对进化的过渡地位。     

家庭栽培铁线莲常见问题与对策

铁线莲具有着藤本皇后的称号,由于其外形花色等众多优势,并以繁茂的花量获得了家庭种植的广泛青睐,近年来受到花友的欢迎。结合实际分析,铁线莲在我国的种植栽培并不普及,更多的家庭栽培铁线莲仅是基于爱好。因此,在栽培过程中往往会出现各种问题难以解决,导致家庭铁线莲的栽培效果不甚理想,为了保障在家庭中获得更好的铁线莲栽培效果,将结合铁线莲栽培中常见问题与对策进行探讨。     

铁线莲的栽培简史及园林应用

铁线莲是毛茛科铁线莲属（Clamatis）植物的统称,为多年生藤本、直立灌小或草本,除南极洲外的行人洲均有分布,主要分布在热带肢亚热带地区,寒带地区也有分布。铁线莲有着细细长长的藤状茎．且多为褐色．好像细铁丝一般．因此得名“铁线莲”。     

育菇素对促进食用菌生长作用的探讨

食用菌在生长过程中需要有营养、水分、空气生活条件,在营养中的碳、氮等元素为生命活动的能源和建造有机体的物质基础。这两种元素在其体内有一定的比例,即所谓C/N。菌丝生长阶段C/N 为20:1,至子实体发育阶段C/N 为30—40:1。尚能在满足其他生活条件下,于营养方面按生理需求加以调节补充,则可促进成蕾率,提高产量。为此,于1984年秋至1987年冬分别对低温型蓟县黑平菇、丹阳平菇,中温型偏低的宁杂1号、糙皮侧耳,中温型偏高     

铁线莲栽培品种观赏特性分析

铁线莲品种多样,在园林中应用广泛。但是对于铁线莲栽培品种的相关论文资料较少,调查整理略显不足。挑选100个铁线莲品种,从它们的产地、观赏特性以及花期等方面进行统计分析,结果表明,100种铁线莲中都为大花铁线莲,分别来自11个国家,共8种不同的花色,花径在5～30cm之间,有单瓣、重瓣和混合型3种花瓣类型,株高分为低于2m、2～3m以及3m以上3种,花期2～7个月不等。以期对今后铁线莲在园林上的应用起到参考作用。     

小花园植物种植实例(一)

正我的花园以月季和铁线莲为主角植物。当四月来临,月季和铁线莲竞相开放,仅这两个品种就足以让人激动不已,似乎可以忽略其他植物的存在了。是不是就该沾沾自喜呢?然而当繁华的四月之后,问题就来了。五月中旬大概就可以剪掉最后一批月季残花了,此时花园里只剩下寥寥几朵晚花的铁线莲在开放。而地栽的月季脚下长满了杂草,不知如何下手处理。剩下的所有的月份只有期待月季零星开花。到了冬季,花园里更是一     

东北铁线莲种子萌发特性的研究

由于受种子生理休眠作用的影响及硬而厚的种皮所产生的抑制作用,使东北铁线莲种子发芽慢、发芽率较低。现研究了东北铁线莲种子的形态学、种子活力等特性及不同温度、不同低温层积天数、不同化学试剂处理对其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的影响。结果表明:25℃低温层积140～160d,95%浓硫酸浸泡20s处理效果最好,可以提高东北铁线莲种子的发芽率。     

西藏的盘菌资源

通过对西藏盘菌的采集调查表明．西藏目前已知盘菌为200种左右，其中已确定系统位置的种类分隶属于4目17科62属．尚有一部分种娄目前未能确定它们的系统地位．统计分析结果表明．在物种组成上．西藏现存盘菌多与北美及北欧分布的盘菌成分类似．联系较为紧密，盘菌区系性质相似．西藏已知盘菌多数分布于喜马拉雅北坡雨影地带的森林区域，干旱一半干旱区的有限调查发现有少量具特殊生态习性的种类发生在资源价值方面．多数盘菌体现的是生态价值．只有少量大型盘菌如羊肚菌属的种类目前被开发利用     

Exploring Patterns of Exotic Earthworm Distribution in a Temperate Hardwood Forest in South-Central New York, USA

Exotic earthworms invading forests in Canada and northeastern United States that were naturally devoid of large detritivores cause major changes in ecosystem function. To assess their long-term impacts, studies are needed to elucidate the factors that control the patterns of earthworm invasion at the landscape level. We analyzed the distribution patterns of exotic earthworms in a northern hardwood forest in south-central New York (USA), as explained by landscape variables thought to be important in determining earthworm distribution. Forest type, slope angle, elevation, and the distance to agricultural clearings and wet refugia were significant predictors of earthworm presence, whereas local wetness index and the distance to streams and roads were not. Forest type and distance to agricultural clearings were the two most significant predictors. Our data suggest that areas close to agricultural clearings, dominated by mixed hardwoods, and located towards valley bottoms or on gentle slopes are very likely to support communities of exotic earthworms. Steeper slopes, areas dominated by American beech or eastern hemlock, and locations in the core of extensive forest landscapes have lower probabilities of invasion by exotic earthworms. When applied to a nearby area, our statistical model correctly predicted earthworm presence for 67% of 377 sampling points. Most of the mistakes were incorrect predictions of earthworm absence, suggesting that our statistical model slightly underestimated earthworm presence, possibly because of the pervasive influence of active agricultural fields adjacent to the test site.     

六盘水乡土观赏种子植物区系及其园林绿化应用

根据调查统计,六盘水有可供观赏的种子植物110科321属855种.对科和属的区系分析结果:科级水平以热带分布的类型最多,有51科,占总科数的46.36%;而属级水平以温带分布类型占明显优势,共计172属,占总属数的53.58%.综合科和属的区系分布类型表明,六盘水地区乡土植物种类丰富,区系成分复杂多样,分布有许多起源古老的珍稀濒危和特有植物种类,其区系地理表现为较明显的亚热带向温带过渡的类型.并就该区乡土观赏植物资源优势、园林绿化现状及存在的问题进行了分析,提出乡土观赏植物种质资源开发利用对策.     

甘肃野生果树种质资源及开发利用途径研究

甘肃省地处温带、暖温带和亚热带的北缘,气候类型多样,野生果树资源十分丰富。经过多年调查研究表明,甘肃有木本野生果树33科,72属,329种,48变种。现对甘肃野生果树资源种类、果实类型、野生果树种、属地理区系分布类型、野生果树在甘肃各地理区域的分布状况及开发利用途径进行了分析研究,为更好的保护和合理开发利用甘肃野生果树资源提供依据。     

Landscape Fragmentation and Ice Storm Damage in Eastern Ontario Forests

With return times between 20 and 100 years, ice storms are a primary disturbance type for temperate forests of eastern North America. Many studies have been conducted at the forest patch and plot scales to examine relations between damage and variables describing site, composition and structure. This paper presents results from a landscape scale study of fragmentation relations with damage in eastern Ontario forests. Data previously collected for two independent and spatially non-overlapping patch level damage studies were used. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyse relations between damage and fragmentation metrics representing patch isolation, edge density, and the relative size and distribution of patches in the landscape. The metrics were applied using spatial extents of 1 × 1 km and 4 × 4 km, following analyses of the variability of numbers of patches and of the lacunarity of forest patterns over a range of extents. The results showed that patch isolation, as measured by the mean Euclidean distance between patches (ENN) was significantly related to damage.     

大连市草坪主要病害发生特点与可持续治理措施

大连是具有明显海洋性特点的暖温带大陆性季风气候,土壤比较贫瘠,草坪病虫害种类发生较多。该文对大连市中山区草坪上发生的草坪褐斑病、草坪腐霉枯萎病、草坪币斑病、草坪蘑菇圈、草坪锈病、草坪白粉病等主要病害的发生特点及其可持续治理措施进行论述。     

青藏高原东缘铁线莲属藏药植物资源调查

通过查阅文献资料、实地调查和标本采集等方法,调查青藏高原东缘铁线莲属藏药植物资源的种类组成及药用价值。结果表明:青藏高原东缘铁线莲属藏药植物共有13种,可分为4类,该试验为青藏高原东缘铁线莲属藏药植物资源的开发利用和深入研究提供了依据。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-Diversity and vegetation structure as influenced by slope aspect and altitude in a seasonally dry tropical landscape

Topography strongly affects the distribution of insolation in the terrain. Patterns of incoming solar radiation affect energy and water balances within a landscape, resulting in changes in vegetation attributes. Unlike other regions, in seasonally dry tropical forest areas the potential contribution of topography-related environmental heterogeneity to β-diversity is unclear. In Mt. Cerro Verde (Oaxaca), S. Mexico, we: (1) modelled potential energy income for N- and S-facing slopes based on a digital elevation model, (2) examined the response of vegetation structure to slope aspect and altitude and (3) related variations in plant diversity to topography-related heterogeneity. Vegetation survey and modelling of potential energy income (SOLEI-32 model) were based on 30 plots equally distributed among three altitudinal belts defined for each slope of the mountain; combining the three altitudinal belts and the two slopes produced six environmental groups, represented by five vegetation plots each. Potential energy income was about 20% larger on the S than on the N slope (9,735 versus 8,138 MJ/m²), but it did not vary with altitude. In addition, the temporal behaviour of potential energy income throughout the year differed greatly between slopes. Vegetation structure did not show significant changes linked to the environmental gradients analysed, but altitude and aspect did affect β-diversity. We argue that the classic model of slope aspect effect on vegetation needs reconsideration for tropical landscapes. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.