氮磷钾缺素对水茄幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以水茄(Solanum torvum Sw.)幼苗为材料,用溶液培养法诱导N、P、K缺素症,观察缺素症的形态特征并测定各缺素水茄的生长与生理差异,以期为水茄栽培的营养诊断和施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:水茄缺素症的表现时间和主要症状有差异,缺N症状表现最早,缺N、缺K处理对植株地上部影响最明显;水茄缺素处理的叶片数、全株干质量、根总体积均低于对照,根冠比均高于对照;缺N水茄老叶和嫩叶的叶绿素含量均极显著低于对照,缺P处理的嫩叶叶绿素含量则极显著高于对照;不同缺素处理水茄的根系活力之间差异极显著,缺N和缺P植株根系活力变弱,而缺K植株的根系活力变强,比对照极显著提高了44.34%。     

水茄幼苗钙、镁、硫缺素症的试验分析

以野生水茄幼苗为试材,在室内溶液培养条件下,诱导水茄Ca、Mg、S的缺素症,分析各缺素处理下水茄的生长和生理差异,以期为水茄幼苗规模化生产中营养缺素诊断提供依据。结果表明:各缺素处理均诱导水茄出现能明显察觉和区分的专一缺素症;不同缺素诱导水茄出现相应缺素症的时间和程度有差别,3种缺素症以缺Ca症表现最早和最明显;不同缺素处理均影响水茄幼苗生长,缺素处理的叶片数、全株干物质质量、根冠比、总根长、根总体积、根系活力均显著低于完全培养。其中,缺Ca和缺S水茄叶片数最少,分别比对照和缺Mg水茄少了16.33%和6.81%。缺Ca水茄全株干物质质量、总根长、根总体积、根系活力均最低,分别比其它营养状况下的低了11.30%～42.70%、27.75%～41.88%、14.29%～66.67%、20.98%～75.01%。缺Mg植株根冠比和老叶叶绿素含量均最低,分别比对照、缺Ca和缺S水茄低了29.41%、14.29%、45.46%与75.00%、60.00%、55.56%。嫩叶叶绿素含量以缺Ca的最低,分别比对照和缺Mg、缺S的低42.31%、25.00%和16.67%。对照根系活力分别是Ca、Mg、S缺素植株的4.00、2.03、3.16倍。     

果树营养亏缺生理效应研究

以平邑甜茶为材料进行水培试验,探讨了缺素平邑甜茶实生苗及其恢复后的生理效应。结果表明,缺素使植株根冠比值增大,地上部生长缓慢,根代偿性伸长。缺磷、缺钾的植株根表面积降低,根比表面积升高。缺素处理植株其叶片数皆比对照少,叶片叶绿素含量下降,根活性下降。缺素植株营养恢复后,缺氮、缺钾植株能很快恢复正常,而缺磷植株难于恢复正常生长。     

番茄缺素症的识别及防治

番茄在生长发育过程中需要吸收多种营养元素。因缺乏某种营养元素导致生理障碍而引起的异常生长现象称为缺素症。番茄缺素症在番茄栽培过程中发生较为普遍,且能经常诱发侵染性病害的发生,因此,及时识别和防治番茄缺素症是促进番茄生产、提高菜农收益的重要环节。笔者根据近几年的调查及试验,将番茄生产过程中较为常见的几种缺素症的田间症状、发生原因及防治措施介绍如下。     

缓释配方肥对加工番茄产量和品质及效益的影响

以加工番茄"屯河8号"为试材,以常规施肥为对照,研究了配方肥、缓释配方肥及其减量和氮磷缺素处理对加工番茄养分吸收、产量、施肥效益的影响,以期明确加工番茄肥料配方的科学性及长效缓释添加剂(NAM)的应用效果,为加工番茄缓释配方肥的推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明:相同栽培条件下,缓释配方肥及其20%减量处理促进了加工番茄植株生长,植株的氮、磷吸收量均有增加,产量比常规施肥分别增加了4.12%和7.86%,纯收益增加了4.67%和8.71%,同时增加了果实中番茄红素含量和可溶性固形物含量,添加NAM条件下应降低配方肥中的氮素用量。     

柑桔容器苗缺铜的矫治方法研究

柑桔缺铜症状在大田栽培中极少出现，但在柑桔的营养土(由泥炭土、河沙、谷壳配成)容器育苗或栽培时则比较常见。由于该营养土主要以泥炭土为基质，呈酸性，并且铜含量低，加之栽培管理时氮、磷施用量较大，柑桔植株较易出现缺铜症。主要表现为枝梢出现脂泡肿大，有的枝梢还会出现流胶现象。缺铜植株幼苗新梢弱小、细软、黄化，严重缺铜时，新梢会自行脱落枯萎。为此，我们对重庆现代柑桔发展有限公司(原美国施格兰公司)苗圃出现缺铜症状的容器苗进行了矫治试验，以期找出解决缺铜问题的方法。     

P、K、Ca缺失对枇杷幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响

利用盆栽,观察了枇杷幼苗缺P、K、Ca时的外部症状和内部组织解剖结构,测定了根系活力,叶绿素含量及光合作用强弱。结果表明:缺P植株叶片暗绿,叶脉紫红色,老叶有坏死斑块易脱落,叶片光合量比对照低,根系发育不良,根系活力降低。缺K植株细弱,老叶有黄斑,叶面不平整,叶绿素含量显著降低,光合量最小。缺Ca植株矮小,叶片小、畸形,新叶边缘出现黄斑,根系发育不良,根皮率增加。     

堇叶山梅花营养缺乏症状的研究

通过石英砂培法,研究了堇叶山梅花幼苗在缺N、P、K、Ca、Mg条件下的缺素症状及生理变化情况。结果表明:在N素缺乏时最先表现出叶边缘有黄色斑点症状;K素缺乏处理15 d表现生长良好,但处理后期40 d左右最先出现缺素焦枯现象,说明该植物前期需钾肥相对较少;缺Ca处理的堇叶山梅花新叶先表现出轻微失绿,有的叶尖干枯且呈螺旋形,其它4种元素亏缺的植株均是老叶先表现症状;N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种营养元素缺乏的植株叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量均低于全素(CK)处理,该研究结果可作为堇叶山梅花苗期营养诊断的依据。     

番茄早熟栽培巧用四激素

番茄早熟栽培巧用四激素番茄早熟栽培在苗期、开花期、结果期和白熟期分别应用矮壮素、防落素、丰产素和乙烯利，可使番茄健壮，早熟丰产。一、苗期用矮壮素壮苗早熟栽培的苗期，因温度低、光照弱，幼苗的子叶下轴极易徒长，影响幼苗素质，所以在幼苗５、７、９真叶时用４...     

不同营养元素缺乏对银杏幼苗生长的影响

采用溶液培养技术,研究了不同营养元素缺乏条件下,银杏幼苗的生长发育规律及缺素症状。结果表明:6种营养元素中,以缺N、P、K、Fe对银杏幼苗的生长影响最大,幼苗在株高、叶片数、根长等生长指标上均与对照形成显著差异(P0.05),同时在形态特征上表现出各自典型的缺素症状。     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

江汉平原麦瓜棉菜一年四熟栽培技术

江汉平原是国家优质粮食、优质棉花和双低油菜重要生产基地,也是湖北省西瓜主产区。种植西瓜对增加农民收入、丰富市场、发展农村经济、提高土地利用率具有重要作用。江汉平原西瓜生产的突出特点是间作套种,早在20世纪70年代就推广了“麦／／瓜-稻”这种水旱、粮经作物配套种植的优化模式．并获得原荆州地区科技进步二等奖。由于西瓜间作套种提高了单位面积的经济效益、     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

中国''''99昆明世界园艺博览会蔬菜瓜果园

蔬菜瓜果园作为中国’99昆明世界园艺博览会六大专题展园之一 ,占地 4 90 0ｍ2 。园内以农舍草屋为中心 ,通过瓜架、篱笆、草亭及蔬菜瓜果栽培 ,构出一幅农家乐园式的田园风光。另外 ,通过集中展示中国蔬菜瓜果的科技生产水平 ,丰富的资源优势 ,色彩缤纷、新奇别致的蔬菜瓜果品种 ,来突出本次世博会的主题“人与自然 ,和谐发展———迈向 2 1世纪” ,从而展现“蔬菜瓜果园艺是人类赖以生存的重要食源和艺术”为主题思想的蔬菜瓜果园内涵。　　蔬菜瓜果园位于世博园主入口世博大道南侧 ,与盆景园、药草园相邻。在总体布局、栽培上充分运用园…     

Some responses of cucumber,grown in beds of peat,to N,K and Mg

Two levels of N and four levels of K, applied to beds of sphagnum peat before planting (Experiment A), were tested in factorial combination with three concentrations of N (50, 175 and 300 mg 1^-1) and two of K (50 and 250 mg T1) in the liquid feed. In three cucumber crops grown, Mg was supplied or omitted before planting as a split plot factor (96 subplots). In two further crops (Experiment B), grown in fresh peat, six concentrations of N (20-320 mg 1^-1) were tested in the liquid feed, all other nutrient levels being constant. In Experiment A, the early yield was reduced by low and high levels of N. The main effect of N on the final yield was not significant, but maximum yield was achieved with 175-300 mg 1^-1 N in the liquid feed where the peat received a small amount of ureaformaldehyde (15 g m“2) and Mg fertilizer. The N x Mg interaction became increasingly marked with successive crops; the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<31%) increased with the amount of N applied. K deficiency reduced the yield by up to 66%, and very high levels of K also tended to decrease the yield. The K x Mg interaction became more marked with time and the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<23%) increased with the amount of K applied. Leaves from N, K and Mg deficient plants contained <2.5% N, <1.0% K and <0.28% Mg respectively. In Experiment B, where N was supplied only in the liquid feed, the highest yield was obtained at 220 mg 1^-1. The relation between yield and the total amount of N supplied in the feed was defined by a quadratic regression.     

辣木的研究开发应用与展望

对辣木的生物学特性、栽培要点、营养与药用价值、加工与开发利用等展开论述,同时分析了我国在辣木科研和市场方面存在的问题,并对辣木未来的研究和市场应用前景提出建议和展望。     

盆景果树的发展、特点及价值

盆景果树集"艺术欣赏与果实享用"于一身。文章重点阐述盆景果树的定义、发展史与现状、分类与特点、文化和经济的双重价值等内容。