中国园艺学会西甜瓜专业委员会<民政部(社)证字3145-4>(国家西瓜甜瓜品种网WWW.NCVCN.NET)

<正>商品瓜,市场价,2014年种植西瓜甜瓜市场风险提示西瓜甜瓜自1984年政府主管部门放开计划生产之后,是农业生产中商品属性最强的种植作物之一,同时也是受市场供求关系影响最大、销售价在不同时空条件下波动最剧烈的农产品之一,因此,过去30年西、甜瓜曾多次出现生产规模的快速增长,为农民增加经济收入有突出贡献,但也多次出现供求失衡,西瓜在主产区市场价跌卖难的伤农情况。     

中国园艺学会西甜瓜专业委员会<民政部(社)证字3145-4>(国家西瓜甜瓜专业网WWW.NCVCN.NET)

<正>西瓜甜瓜科研教学专业领域成就斐然,新世纪国家科技奖三重唱据2015年园艺瓜果学专题编写会议资料,近年在国家、地方政府大力支持下,西瓜甜瓜学科研究创新体制不断健全,科研经费投入大幅增加,研究的公益性、基础性不断加强,如种质资源搜集保存与创新,基因组与分子育种技术,设施连作障碍机制及治理,重大病虫害绿色可持续控制等均有进展;在应用技术研究中更重视生产与国内外市场需求的相关性,在强调经济效益的同时,不断重视食品安     

中国园艺学会西甜瓜专业委员会<民政部(社)证字3145-4>(国家西瓜甜瓜专业网WWW.NCVCN.NET)

<正>2015年国家西瓜甜瓜品种试验年会工作安排据农业部农技种[2014]440号文,2015年安排小果型西瓜、无籽西瓜、中果型西瓜品种、厚皮甜瓜品种及薄皮甜瓜生试总计5组品种区试及生试,有关承试单位应按试验方案要求,在田间试验结束15天后,将试验数据表及总结电子版等发邮件到主持单位,汇总核对后再将正式书面总结9月10日前寄到试     

Alternatives to reflective mulch cloth (Extenday™) for apple under hail net?

Fruit grown under hail net often suffer from lesser quality, lack of red colouration, insufficient fruit firmness viz storability and less sugar viz taste. Reflective white woven mulch cloth Extenday™ can overcome these shortcomings by improving light utilisation in the orchard, if spread 5–6 weeks prior to anticipated harvest on the grass of the alleys between the tree rows. The objective of the present work was to examine alternatives such as sustainable, organic materials including straw, lime and biodegradable white paint using 7-year-old cv. ‘Jonagold’ apple trees under a white hail net in Klein-Altendorf Research Centre near Bonn, Germany in August 2005. Uncovered grass strips served as control with a constant 6.6% light (PAR) reflection at 1.5 m height. When freshly applied, white paint initially reflected up to 8%, while fresh wheat straw reflected 13.6% light (PAR) commensurate to the reflective cloth Extenday™ with 13.9%, equivalent to a 2.1-fold increase in light reflection relative to the uncovered grassed control. No differences in ripening and starch breakdown were observed in the apple fruits, but reflective mulch improved their sugar content, and hence taste, by ca. 8% from 13.5% sugar in the control (uncovered grass alleys) to 14.6% sugar, without affecting the fruit size. The reflective mulch increased the percentage of class I fruit with >25% colouration by 8.3% (from 47.6 to 55.9%) under hail net in the grading relative to the control (grass alleys), resulting in financial gross or net gains of €870 or 530 ha⁻¹. The apparent discrepancy between the large initial light reflection of the straw, and paint to a lesser extent, but poor fruit quality 6–7 weeks later at harvest may be explained by the grass, which eventually penetrated the straw over time and white paint being washed off by precipitation in the autumn, whereas the grass maintained its optical properties, indicating no organic alternative to the reflective white, woven cloth.     

Adaptation of the tropical hybrid Euphorbia × lomi Rauh to the exposure to the Mediterranean temperature extremes

Poysean (Euphorbia × lomi Rauh) has been introduced in the Mediterranean countries as an ornamental plant for indoor uses. When used outdoor, few information is available about its ability to withstand the Mediterranean temperature extremes. An experiment in an open stand was performed to evaluate poysean tolerance to the winter and summer temperatures of the thermo Mediterranean climate and its ornamental value for urban greening. Two genotypes of poysean (Nguen Muang, NM; and Soi Budsanin, SB) with similar bracts and flower colours were grown at either 2 or 3 plants per pot during 23 months. Number of flower racemes and leaves per plant and plant height were recorded monthly. Overall ornamental value of each pot was scored by means of a panel test (PT) performed by independent examiners. Score assignment was homogeneous between examiners. On average, NM showed a 36% lower number of flower racemes, but a 30% higher ornamental value than SB. During fall and beginning of the winter, NM showed a higher number of flower racemes per plant than SB. Increasing plant density from 2 to 3 plants per pot did not influence flower racemes and leaves per plant. From March to November of the second year, number of flower racemes in NM was similar to the first year, whereas SB flower production was markedly higher, which can be due to a genotypic difference to Mediterranean temperature tolerance. Correlation between number of flower racemes per pot and ornamental value was higher in SB than NM, which suggest that in NM flower abundance contribute less to the pot ornamental value. The present data suggest that poysean is able to withstand the Mediterranean temperature extremes and still produces flower racemes during winter, which indicate it as a suitable ornamental plant in outdoor applications.     

Fruit Cracking in Mango (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mangifera indica</Emphasis> L.) cv. ‘Dashehari’

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is native to South and Southeast Asia, from where it has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most cultivated fruits in the tropics. It is the national fruit of India. In India, harvest and sale of mangoes take place during March-May and the fruits have high economic value in India. Studies were first time conducted on mango fruits to observe the severity of fruit cracking incidence. The stone was exposed in case of longitudinal type cracking and never exposed in star type cracking. The longitudinal cracking was 3.8, 3.4 and 1.7 % and star type cracking was 0.3, 1.8 and 0.02 % during 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The lesser pulp thickness and higher stone weight in fruit cracked samples may have responsible for fruit cracking. There was a close relationship between fruit cracking and 3 months average weather conditions. The maximum temperature had positive relation with total fruit cracking.     

Investigations on Chlorosis of Fruit Trees.: III.—A Chlorosis of Plums Due to Potassium Deficiency.

Summary

Grafting is a suitable method to control soil-borne diseases in melon (Cucumis melo L.) crops. To date, several Cucurbita species and their inter-specific hybrids have been tested as rootstocks. However, graft-scion incompatibility and lower fruit quality have prevented their commercial use. The wild accession ‘Pat 81’ ssp. agrestis of C. melo is highly resistant to Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack et Uecker root rot, and develops a root system that is more suitable to withstand infested soils than that of cultivated melon. The potential of ‘Pat 81’ as a rootstock for melons (e.g., ‘Piel de Sapo’ type, C. melo ssp. melo) compared with the popular rootstock ‘RS 841’ (Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita moschata) has been evaluated here. The response of grafted plants to Monosporascus root rot disease, and rootstock effects on plant performance and fruit quality have been investigated using both classical methods and modern technologies (e.g., root image analysis and real-time PCR). The results indicate that, during infection, the root system of ‘Pat 81’ adapts to the needs of the aerial part of the ‘Piel de Sapo’ scion, displays a high level of resistance to M. cannonballus (similar to ‘RS 841’), and provides the plant with more healthy roots, with a higher root/vine biomass ratio compared with non-grafted ‘Piel de Sapo’. In addition, ‘Pat 81’ rootstock retains its favourable root structure (i.e., larger total length and root area) to withstand soil stress. In healthy soils, ‘Pat 81’ rootstocks had less effect on fruit quality than ‘RS 841’, leading to a lower percentage of non-marketable products. The high resistance of ‘Pat 81’, and its reduced effect on fruit quality, point to it as a good rootstock for the grafting of melons to resist M. Cannonballus infested soils.     

Wood hydraulic and mechanical properties induced by low water availability on two ornamental species Photinia × fraseri var. Red Robin and Viburnum opulus L.

Deficit irrigation at the nursery stage induces drought acclimation through the establishment of avoiding mechanisms and hardening processes. In this experiment, we hypothesized that water deficit would affect wood hydraulic conductivity and mechanical properties with effects on the leaf water potentials of two ornamental species, Photinia × fraseri var. Red Robin and Viburnum opulus L.The experiment was conducted in a nursery (Pistoia, Italy) during summer 2011. Individuals were arranged in three plots under three watering regimes. The control plot (C) received an amount of water replacing that lost via evapotranspiration, while two plots were maintained under severe water deficit (SWD = 33% C) and moderate water deficit (MWD = 66% C).Water deficits reduced stem diameter in both species without changing wood density (D). Concerning mechanical properties, stiffness (E) and strength (YS) of Photinia resulted higher in Photinia than in Viburnum, which did not show differences between treatments in either E or YS, whereas in Photinia, E was lower in SWD (P < 0.05) than in C. Photinia was also characterized by higher k without significant differences between treatments while Viburnum showed a lower conductivity and a significant reduction of k_h under SWD (P < 0.05). Despite this, in field conditions the two species had similar behaviour concerning the leaf water status, showing a reduction of Ψ under SWD.A longer acclimation period would probably be necessary to induce major changes in wood mechanical properties, but the similarity of responses on leaf water status in MWD and C might indicate that a reduction to 66% of water need might be sufficient to maintain the level of turgor necessary for plant physiological functioning.     

Enhancing Skin Color and Phenolic Compounds of Cv. Red Globe Table Grape (<Emphasis Type="Italic">V. Vinifera</Emphasis> L.) Utilizing of Different Preharvest Treatments

Foliar sprayings of grapevines with different plant growth regulators or chemicals were evaluated for determining grape skin color and phenolic compounds content and enhancing table grape quality characteristics of cv. Red Globe in this study. Grape skin color is one of the most important quality factors for table grapes. Sometimes, it can be viewed difficulties in skin coloration of some red table grape cultivars grown in various grape growing regions of the world and poor skin coloration of red table grapes is a frequent trouble that reduces production efficiency. Despite the fact that it is utilized from some canopy management practices; plant growth regulators, chemicals with plant hormones and hormone-like compounds as active ingredients can be recently used for improving anthocyanin accumulation in growing of some table grape cultivars. In current study, nine different preharvest treatments were used for improving quality parameters of cv. Red Globe, including 1?Control (C), 2–300?mg/L Abscisic acid (ABA), 3–300?mg/L Ethephon (Eth), 4–30% Ethanol (EtOH), 5–300?mg/L ABA + 300?mg/L Eth, 6–300?mg/L ABA + 30% EtOH, 7–300?mg/L Eth + 30% EtOH, 8–300?mg/L ABA + 300?mg/L Eth + 30% EtOH and 9?Cluster tip cutting (CTC). Although the best results from total phenolic compounds content and total anthocyanin content of cv. Red Globe were obtained in CTC treatment in all preharvest treatments, Eth+ETOH treatment especially gave rise to the best results among the preharvest chemical treatments.     

The Response of Soilless Grown ‘Michele Palieri’ (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> L.) Grapevine Cultivar to Deficit Irrigation Under the Effects of Different Rootstocks

Global warming, altering the physiology and irrigation demand of grapevines, has already been perceived in certain premium viticulture regions across the world. Selection of proper rootstocks for especially new cultivars has vital role for a sustainable viticulture under water-deficit conditions. The grapevine cultivar ‘Michele Palieri’ has been finding a good reception on the global markets. The objective of this study was to determine the response of ‘Michele Palieri’ cultivar to deficit irrigation using different rootstocks with distinct genetic origins. Two irrigation regimes (Full Irrigation [FI] and Deficit Irrigation [DI]) were applied to the vines of different grafting combinations of ‘Michele Palieri’ with Kober 5 BB, Richter 99, Richter 110, 140 Ruggeri, 44–53 Malégue or grown on own roots. Two years old vines were cultivated in 60?L pots containing sterile peat under controlled glasshouse conditions. Irrigations were regulated according to soil water matric potential (Ψm) levels using tensiometers. The volume of the irrigation water that has to be applied to attain 100% field capacity was performed as FI, while 50% of FI was considered as DI. The water was transported directly into the pots by micro-irrigation systems consisting of individual spaghetti tubes. The vines of DI treatment showed visible symptoms of mild water stress (e.?g., loss of turgor in shoot tips), but no defoliation or leaf necrosis occurred. DI treatment reduced the gs of ‘Michele Palieri’ scion cultivar in varying levels depending on the rootstock. DI treatment also affected vegetative growth of the scion cultivar in different levels. For example, the greatest decrease (26.7%) in shoot length resulting from DI was determined in ‘Michele Palieri’/5 BB grapevines, followed by own rooted vines (13.1%), while the lowest change (2.4%) was found in vines grafted on 110?R. Overall findings of this study imply that the rootstocks originating from V. berlandiery?×?V. rupestris hybrids (110?R, 99?R, 140?Ru and 44–53?M) better performed in a similar genetic aptitude under deficit irrigation regime while the rootstock 5 BB (V. berlandiery?×?V. rupestris) showed more susceptible responses. On the other hand, the general response of own rooted vines were better than those grafted on 5 BB. Therefore, the use of one of V. berlandiery?×?V. rupestris hybrids may be a better choice for viticulture under semiarid regions.     

中国无籽西瓜网(www.wuzixigua.net)进入中国农业网站100强

<正>中国无籽西瓜网(原中国无籽西瓜科技网)自2005年1月8日创办以来,得到全国无籽西瓜科研与生产协作组成员和广大瓜农网友的关心支持,现在每天点击率超过100人     

萱草‘红唇’、‘手里剑’、‘小黄人’和‘晚礼服’

从20个大花萱草品种杂交组合的1 034个后代中筛选出4个大花优良新品种,花朵大型,花色鲜艳,性状表现稳定,生长强健,适于粗放栽培,可露地越冬,可分株繁殖。