杀虫剂对哈尔滨地区小菜蛾幼虫的毒力研究

以小菜蛾为研究对象,采用浸叶法研究了6种杀虫剂对哈尔滨地区小菜蛾的室内毒力活性。结果表明:氯虫苯甲酰胺的毒力最高,LC50仅为0.99mg/L,高效氯氰菊酯的毒力最低,LC50达到50.08mg/L,6种药剂对小菜蛾的毒力从大到小依次为氯虫苯甲酰胺多杀菌素苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)丁酯脲阿维菌素高效氯氰菊酯,故氯虫苯甲酰胺可作为哈尔滨地区小菜蛾防治的首选药剂。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾敏感基线的测定和幼虫体重的影响

田间采集的甜菜夜蛾室内饲养20代后,以饲料混毒法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对其3龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明,药剂处理48h和72h后,LC50值分别为0.7475mg/L和0.2182mg/L。药后48h,在最低浓度（0.0043mg/L）处理下,甜菜夜蛾幼虫体重略高于对照,但未差异显著水平,随着处理浓度的提高,幼虫体重显著降低。本研究为氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾的毒力提供了可参考的敏感基线,同时表明其对甜菜夜蛾具有较高的杀虫活性。     

6种杀虫剂对铜绿丽金龟防治效果评价

【目的】通过室内药效试验评价氟啶虫胺腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、灭幼脲、毒死蜱和辛硫磷6种杀虫剂对铜绿丽金龟成虫、卵和初孵幼虫的防治效果,为合理化学防治铜绿丽金龟提供依据。【方法】利用药剂浸叶胃毒法处理铜绿丽金龟成虫,分别调查药后1、3、5、7 d死亡率,并对6种药剂各质量浓度处理进行回归分析,计算LT50和LT95值。参照杀虫剂点滴法、浸渍法和浸虫法处理铜绿丽金龟卵,并于药后15 d调查卵孵化数、初孵幼虫死亡数量。【结果】6种药剂对铜绿丽金龟成虫的杀虫效果高低顺序依次为毒死蜱辛硫磷氯虫苯甲酰胺氟虫双酰胺氟啶虫胺腈灭幼脲。回归分析发现,对成虫速效性最好的是毒死蜱,其LT50和LT95值均小于1 d。辛硫磷、氯虫苯甲酰胺次之,氟虫双酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈和灭幼脲较差。对卵孵化率影响大小顺序依次为毒死蜱辛硫磷氟虫双酰胺灭幼脲氯虫苯甲酰胺氟啶虫胺腈;对初孵幼虫死亡率影响大小顺序依次为氯虫苯甲酰胺毒死蜱氟啶虫胺腈辛硫磷灭幼脲氟虫双酰胺。【结论】推荐在铜绿丽金龟成虫发生期,喷施毒死蜱400 mg·L-1、辛硫磷400 mg·L-1和氯虫苯甲酰胺175 mg·L-1可有效控制其危害,达到良好防治效果。在卵和初孵幼虫期,利用毒死蜱200~400 mg·L-1、氯虫苯甲酰胺87.5~175 mg·L-1和辛硫磷200~400 mg·L-1浇灌土壤,可有效控制其卵孵化并毒杀初孵幼虫。     

四种杀虫剂对扶芳藤上稠李巢蛾的室内毒力测定

采用叶片浸渍法,利用4种杀虫剂对稠李巢蛾的进行室内毒力测定,以期筛选高效、低毒的有效药剂,指导在扶芳藤上的稠李巢蛾的防治。结果表明:药剂处理24和48h后的室内毒力结果基本相同,稠李巢蛾幼虫对供试药剂的敏感程度依次为:1.8%阿维菌素乳油200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂氯40%毒死蜱乳油0.3%印楝素乳油,其对稠李巢蛾3龄幼虫24和48h的LC50分别为1.96、7.18、12.53、276.46mg/L和1.19、1.03、6.30、184.40mg/L。建议在生产上采用阿维菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺防治稠李巢蛾。     

几种杀虫剂对绣线菊蚜和吐伦球坚蚧毒力的测定

该文对不同类型杀虫剂的毒力进行了测定,为绣线菊蚜和吐伦球坚蚧在新疆的化学防治及抗药性治理(IRM)策略提供科学依据。通过几种杀虫剂对绣线菊蚜和吐伦球坚蚧室内毒力测定表明,48h后对绣线菊蚜毒力较高的药剂:蚧虫毒(啶虫脒)毒力最高,LC50为0.229mg/L;全能烯啶·吡蚜酮和敌杀死毒力较高,LC50分别为0.413mg/L和0.435mg/L;强势吡虫啉·噻嗪酮也有较高的毒力,LC50为0.972mg/L。对吐伦球坚蚧毒力较高的药剂为螺虫乙酯,LC 50仅为0.905 mg/L;其次是蚧虫毒(啶虫脒)和强势吡虫啉·噻嗪酮杀虫剂,L50分别为1.005mg/L和1.173mg/L。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾的室内毒力测定及防治效果

为研究5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂（SC）对小菜蛾的防治效果,利用4种药剂进行了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明：药后48 h 5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50为0.563 0 mg·L-1|其次是10%多杀霉素水分散粒剂（WG）,LC50为0.856 7 mg·L-1|1.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油（EC）和1%阿维菌素EC的毒力较低。田间药效试验结果表明：5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 1 000倍液对小菜蛾的防效最好,达到95.04%,显著优于其他3种药剂|10%多杀霉素WG 5 000倍液的防效次之,为82.01%|而1.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 1 500倍液和1%阿维菌素EC 750倍液的防效较低,分别为71.67%和63.95%。     

大白菜桃蚜种群动态及九种杀虫剂对桃蚜的毒力测定

以桃蚜为研究对象,对春季和秋季大白菜上桃蚜的种群动态进行田间调查,通过COMBO POTTER型喷雾塔进行喷雾处理,测定了9种不同农药对桃蚜的毒力。结果表明:桃蚜春季种群密度低于秋季;春季5月底桃蚜种群消失,秋季桃蚜10月底消失;施药24h后,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂对桃蚜毒力最高,其LC50为1.07110mg/L;其次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、65%毒死蜱乳油和20%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂,其LC50分别为1.17656、1.22235、1.30093mg/L;防效较差的为50%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂,其LC50为4.85809mg/L。     

不同类型杀虫剂对苹果金纹细蛾的室内毒力及田间防效

为了筛选防治金纹细蛾的有效药剂,分别采用叶片浸渍法和田间喷雾法测定了6种不同类型杀虫剂对金纹细蛾的室内毒力和田间防效。室内毒力测定结果表明,不同杀虫剂对金纹细蛾2龄幼虫的毒力大小及顺序为:阿维菌素(4.14 mg/L)氯虫苯甲酰胺(5.86 mg/L)高效氯氰菊酯(19.05 mg/L)灭幼脲(83.60 mg/L)杀虫双(93.74mg/L)毒死蜱(157.53mg/L)。田间试验结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对金纹细蛾的防效最高,在药后15 d防效为81.93%,其次是阿维菌素,防效为75.90%,其他4种杀虫剂对金纹细蛾的防效均在60%以下,难以有效控制金纹细蛾的危害。因此在防治金纹细蛾时,优先选用35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂和1.8%阿维菌素水乳剂,同时注意药剂间的合理轮用或混用。     

华中地区小菜蛾对9 种杀虫剂的抗药性测定

采用室内浸叶法，测定了华中地区5 个蔬菜产区（河南洛阳白马寺镇、湖南岳阳广兴洲镇、湖北武穴梅川镇、湖北宜昌当阳市、湖北云梦隔蒲镇）田间小菜蛾种群对2% 阿维菌素乳油（EC）、16 000 IU·mg^-1 Bt 工程菌WG-001 可湿性粉剂（WP）、20% 高效氯氰菊酯EC、5% 氯虫苯甲酰胺EC、2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂（SC）、10% 溴虫腈EC、5% 氟啶脲EC、20% 丁醚脲EC、5% 茚虫威EC 等9 种常用杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明：5 个小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素（抗药性倍数为44.5～92.0 倍）、Bt（抗药性倍数为66.5～202.1 倍）、高效氯氰菊酯（抗药性倍数为76.2～146.4 倍）已产生了高水平至极高水平抗性，对氟啶脲（抗药性倍数为32.5～82.5 倍）的抗药性达到中等至高水平抗性，对多杀菌素（抗药性倍数为6.5～19.4倍）、氯虫苯甲酰胺（抗药性倍数为3.1～23.1 倍）、溴虫腈（抗药性倍数为2.6～22.3 倍）和茚虫威（抗药性倍数为7.1～26.3 倍）表现为中等及以下水平抗性，对丁醚脲（抗药性倍数为2.3～7.7 倍）表现为敏感至低水平抗性。因此，华中地区的小菜蛾防治应注重氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴虫腈、丁醚脲与多杀菌素、茚虫威、氟啶脲交替、轮换使用，以便延缓抗药性的产生与发展，取得更好的防效。     

黄胸蓟马高效低毒防治新型药剂的筛选

【目的】筛选出防治黄胸蓟马(Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan)的新型杀虫剂,以指导田间更科学合理地防治该虫。【方法】室内采用叶管药膜法对该虫进行毒力测定;并采用花蕾喷雾法和花蕾注射法,在香蕉园开展防效试验。【结果】不同杀虫剂对若虫的毒力大小及顺序为:乙基多杀菌素(0.19 mg·L-1)溴氰虫酰胺(1.76 mg·L-1)螺虫乙酯(2.09 mg·L-1)氰氟虫腙(4.66 mg·L-1)呋虫胺(5.34 mg·L-1)阿维菌素(7.35 mg·L-1)氟啶虫胺腈(8.57 mg·L-1)啶虫脒(10.42 mg·L-1)噻虫啉(16.66 mg·L-1)氯虫苯甲酰胺(48.34 mg·L-1);对成虫的毒力大小顺序与若虫基本一致,若虫对杀虫剂更为敏感。防效试验表明,采用花蕾喷雾法时,乙基多杀菌素和螺虫乙酯对黄胸蓟马的防效均超过80%,其次是溴氰虫酰胺,防效为76.94%;氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺和氰氟虫腙对该虫的防效与常规药剂阿维菌素、啶虫脒相当。当采用花蕾注射法时,螺虫乙酯的防效最高,为83.14%,其次是溴氰虫酰胺和乙基多杀菌素,防效分别为75.73%和73.38%;氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟啶虫胺腈的防效仅次于常规药剂阿维菌素和啶虫脒。【结论】新型杀虫剂中,乙基多杀菌素、螺虫乙酯和溴氰虫酰胺对黄胸蓟马具有较高的毒力和防效,可作为防治该虫的首选药剂,田间防治时应注意药剂间的轮用与混用。     

八种杀虫剂对桃蚜的毒力测定

通过8种药剂对桃蚜室内毒力测定表明,24h后对桃蚜活性较高的药剂为新烟碱类和苏云金杆菌类的杀虫剂,拟除虫菊酯类活性较低。其中必喜表现出对桃蚜极高的活性,其LC50值仅有0.019mg/L;其次为阿维菌素、优化Bt、吡虫啉,其LC50值为0.038～0.309mg/L。48h后各药剂的毒性均增大。其中必喜LC50值最小,为0.014mg/L;其次为阿维菌素、优化Bt、吡虫啉,其LC50值为0.036～0.26mg/L。     

蓖麻提取物对蔬菜害虫的杀虫活性研究

用蓖麻提取物对蔬菜重要害虫进行了杀虫活性研究.结果表明,处理2(Na2C03 2% 30%蓖麻籽)和处理3(乙醇25% 10%蓖麻籽)对菜蚜具有较好的杀虫活性,处理后96 h的校正死亡率分别为83.05%和85.14%;蓖麻碱对斜纹夜蛾和小菜蛾2龄幼虫均有毒杀活性,处理后96 h的LC50分别为6 239.74 mg/L、16 401.19 mg/L.     

茶皂素对乐果防治菜缢管蚜的增效作用

试验分别测定了不同浓度的茶皂素、乐果及茶皂素与乐果混剂对菜缢管蚜的毒力。结果表明,茶皂素本身对菜缢管蚜的毒力很低,但其对乐果有极显著的增效作用。同浓度的乐果药液凡是加入了茶皂素的处理蚜虫死亡率均明显比未加的单剂高。２４小时测定乐果单剂、乐果＋５００ｍｇ／Ｌ茶皂素（ＴＳ）和乐果＋１０００ｍｇ／ＬＴＳ处理的ＬＣ５０分别为４０．１５、３２．８７和１８．５９ｍｇ／Ｌ;而４８小时测定的ＬＣ５０则分别为１５．３３、１０．１１和７．７７ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Lipophagy inhibits foam cell formation by reducing cholesterol content

AIM To observe the changes of lipophagy during foam cells formation， and to determine the effect of lipophagy on the lipid content and cholesterol outflow of foam cells. METHODS Human THP-1 monocytes were induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for 48 h to differentiate into macrophages， and then were incubated with 50 mg/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein （oxLDL） to form foam cells. Lipids in foam cell were stained by oil red O， and the lipid content was determined. The total cholesterol （TC） and free cholesterol （FC） levels in foam cells were measured by cholesterol testing kit. Cholesteryl ester （CE） and CE/TC ratio were calculated. The cholesterol efflux rate was detected by cholesterol efflux assay kit. The expression of autophagy-related proteins， including autophagy-related protein 5 （Atg5）， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） and P62， were detected by Western blot. The colocalization of lipid droplets （LD） and LC3 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The autophagy inducer rapamycin （Rap） or blocker 3-methyladenine （3MA） was used to intervene foam cells， and the expression of Atg5， LC3 and P62， the co-expression of LD and LC3， the cholesterol content and the cholesterol efflux rate were determined. RESULTS Formation of foam cells was observed at 24 h after stimulation with oxLDL at 50 mg/L， as indicated by intracellular CE/TC ratio exceeding 50%.Cholesterol efflux assay revealed that the cholesterol efflux rate increased within 24 h during foam cell formation but decreased after 48 h （P<0.05）. Western blot results displayed that the expression of Atg5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased within 24 h of foam cell formation， but was deceased after 48 h （P<0.05）. The expression of P62 was decreased within 24 h but was increased at 48 h （P<0.05）. The colocalization of LD and LC3 was increased at 24 h but was decreased at 48 h after oxLDL stimulation. Treatment with Rap up-regulated the expression of Atg5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio， reduced the level of P62， increased the colocalization of LD and LC3， promoted the cholesterol efflux， anf reduced cholesterol content in foam cells （P<0.05）. On the contrary， 3MA inhibited the expression of Atg5， reduced LC3-II/LC3-I ratio， elevated the level of P62， decreased the colocalization of LD and LC3， reduced the outflow of cholesterol， increased the content of TC and CE， and elevated CE/TC ratio in foam cells （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Lipophagy is enhanced at 24 h but decreased at 48 h during foam cell formation. Lipophagy inhibited foam cell formation by reducing cholesterol content and increasing cholesterol efflux.     

兴安獐牙菜不同提取液对甘蓝夜蛾的生物活性研究

研究了兴安獐牙菜全草的不同提取液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的触杀和拒食作用.研究结果表明,乙醇浸提液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫具有较高的触杀作用,24,48 h的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为3.746 7,3.172 7 mg/mL.水蒸气蒸馏液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫具有较强的拒食作用,24,48 h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为5.039 9,5.216 7 mg/mL.丙酮浸提液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的触杀和拒食作用不显著.     

七种药剂对朱砂叶螨室内毒力测定及田间药效试验

用7种药剂对蔬菜上朱砂叶螨的室内毒力和田间药效进行测定。结果表明:7种药剂中杀螨活性最高的是抗生素类-阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐,24h时LC50分别为0.1300和0.7118mg/L;唑螨酯和哒螨灵的效果次之,LC50分别为1.4808和3.1586mg/L;螺螨酯的敏感性最低,24h时LC50为1 181.4348mg/L;田间试验结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素乳油、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油和15%哒螨灵乳油对朱砂叶螨的防效都非常好,2d的防效均达98%以上,14d的防效为100%。40%炔螨特乳油和5%唑螨酯悬浮剂在药后7和14d的防效达99%以上;240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂表现出速效性稍低,持效性良好,药后14d防效为99.94%。     

AngiotensinⅡ activates autophagy pathway through elevating ROS level in vascular endothelial cells

AIM: To evaluate the effects of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) on autophagy induction in vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: Human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells were used in the study. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by a microplate reader after the cells were treated with AngⅡ (10^-7 mol/L) or AngⅡ combined with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC,50 μmol/L) for 24 h. The protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ was detected by Western blotting after the cells were stimulated by different concentrations (10^-8, 10^-7, 10^-6 mol/L) of AngⅡ for 24 h or by AngⅡ (10^-7mol/L) for different time (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h). The number of autophagosomes was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy after stained with acridine orange. Similarly, the protein level of LC3-Ⅱ and the number of autophagosomes were detected after treated with AngⅡ(10^-7mol/L), AngⅡ combined with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) at concentration of 2 mmol/L or AngⅡ combined with NAC at concentration of 50 μmol/L. RESULTS: Intracellular ROS level and LC3-Ⅱprotein level were significantly increased (P<0.05) after the cells were treated with AngⅡ, accompanied by the significant increase in the number of autophagosomes. AngⅡ-induced autophagy (as showed both in LC3-Ⅱprotein level and autophagosomes) was dramatically down-regulated by the treatment with 3-MA or NAC in EA.hy926 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: AngⅡ induces autophagy through elevating ROS levels in EA.hy926 cells.