无公害笋菜生产技术

金清镇是浙江省唯一的笋菜专业生产区,笋菜种植面积333 hm2以上,总产值3 000万元.笋菜成为我镇农业的主导产业和支柱产业,主要销往温州、宁波、杭州、上海等大城市.冬春季笋菜667 m2产4 000～5 000 kg,价格0.6～0.7元/kg,夏秋季667 m2产2 000～2 500 kg,价格1.5～1.8元/kg.每年可收获4茬,除去每667 m2物化成本1 600元,667 m2经济效益达1万元以上.     

笋菜高产栽培技术

笋菜,又称笋子菜、棒子菜,属茎用芥菜。植株形似莴笋,株高50—60cm,开展度45cm,倒卵形板叶,叶柄扁宽,茎皮有白色和青色两种,最大茎粗4—5cm,食用茎长25—35cm,单株净重0.6—1kg,全生长期约90天。因其上市期在10月下旬至1月上旬,大大早于其它茎用芥菜,且肉质鲜美,不仅丰富了秋冬季蔬菜淡季供应的花色品种,弥补了秋冬菜的不足,而且,因其生长期短,产量高,收益好,深受消费者和生产者的欢迎。我区从外地引种后,近几年笋菜的种植面积逐年扩大,种植水平不断提高,平均每亩产量2000—3000kg,每亩产值为4000—5000元。现将笋菜的栽培技术要点介绍如下。 一、选择适宜土壤 笋菜是易感病毒病的蔬菜品种。一般新菜地比老菜地发病轻,前茬是水田(或非十字花科作物)的比旱地(或十字花科作物)的发病轻,江涂田比一般田发病轻,所以最好选择江涂田或前茬是水田和非十字花科蔬菜的肥沃土壤种植,并实行三年轮作。     

不同生态类型笋菜的品种比较试验

笋菜(Brassica juncea var．tsatsai Mao)又名笋子芥、棒菜,原产四川,在浙江和四川都有较大的种植面积,其膨大的茎可鲜食也可腌制,有较高的种植和加工效益。浙江省有近5万亩的种植面积,已形成了规模化成片种植,以鲜食和加工为主。但笋菜在长期     

笋子芥品种对病毒病抗性的初步鉴定

笋子芥(Brassica juncea Coss.var.crassicaulisChen et Yang)属于茎用芥菜,棒状,是四川特产蔬菜之一,其嫩茎和叶可食,但以食用鲜嫩的茎为主.在四川等西南地区称棒菜,引种到浙江种植后,被称为笋菜,在四川、重庆、云南、贵州等西南地区及浙江种植面积较大.     

传统品种——北京黑茄子

为保护、传承传统蔬菜品种,满足越来越多的人们对传统蔬菜口味的怀念与需求,特栽培研究了传统蔬菜品种——北京黑茄子,其品质佳,风味浓郁,广受人民喜爱,可作为传统名优特色蔬菜品种进行推广。     

生产无公害蔬菜除草剂的选择

目前,部分蔬菜的生产向产业化发展,因此,化学锄草剂正逐渐应用于蔬菜田,但可用于蔬菜田的除草剂品种比较少.2005、2006年针对无公害蔬菜生产中如何选择除草剂进行了试验和探索.     

广东揭阳市主要蔬菜品种资源现状

对广东省揭阳市蔬菜品种资源情况进行了概述,并对其蔬菜品种资源丧失的原因进行了分析,指出经济体制改革,良种繁育途径变化,品种使用周期缩短,品种资源保存不力等是导致蔬菜品种资源丧失的重要原因,最后提出今后关于蔬菜品种资源保护及开发的建议.     

莴笋品种比较试验报告

莴笋为我国南北各地栽培极其普遍的秋冬蔬菜,在蔬菜周年供应方面占有非常重要的地位.为了适应蔬菜生产者和城乡消费者对莴笋品种多样化和产品优质化的需求,衡阳市蔬菜研究所特从四川莴笋产区引进7个莴笋品种进行了品种比较试验.     

辣椒品种比较试验报告

辣椒是人们日常生活中不可缺少的蔬菜,它具有开胃、增加食欲的功效,在蔬菜周年供应方面占有非常重要的地位.为了满足蔬菜生产者对辣椒品种多样化的需求,淮南市农科所特引进了7个辣椒品种与当地主栽品种进行品比试验.现将试验结果总结如下.     

上海地区的蔬菜品种结构现状

随着城市化建设的加速发展,上海菜地越来越稀缺,如何在有限的土地上获得最大的经济效益,加速优良蔬菜品种的推广意义重大.近年来,上海市蔬菜品种引进、示范与推广工作取得了很大进展,特别是随着全市第三轮标准化设施菜田的建成,蔬菜规模化种植的水平不断提高,蔬菜品种结构也发生了较为明显的变化.     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

Similitude,similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Wetlands, carbon, and climate change

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Effect of paclobutrazol,prohexadione-Ca,deficit irrigation,summer pruning and root pruning on shoot growth,yield, and return bloom,in a ‘Blanquilla’ pear orchard

During the period 2001–2003 the performance of paclobutrazol, prohexadione-Ca, root pruning, summer pruning and deficit irrigation was studied with respect to a control in a Blanquilla pear orchard. Shoot growth, yield, fruit size, and return bloom were all evaluated.