岗梅发芽抑制物质初步研究

以白菜种子为试材,以新鲜岗梅果实不同部位(种子、果肉、果皮)为研究对象,采用系统溶剂提取的方法,提取不同极性提取物后稀释成不同浓度(0.100、0.067、0.033、0.017 g·m L-1)处理白菜种子并进行发芽试验,研究了不同提取物对白菜种子发芽及发芽后胚根长的影响,以期确定岗梅果实发芽抑制物存在的类型和存在部位。结果表明:岗梅果实3个部位中均含有内源性发芽抑制物。种子部位石油醚浸提物、水浸提物能显著抑制白菜种子的萌发;果肉部位石油醚浸提物、甲醇浸提物显著降低了白菜种子的发芽率,而乙酸乙酯浸提物则显著降低了白菜种子的胚根长;果皮部位乙酸乙酯、甲醇、水浸提物能显著抑制白菜种子的萌发,而石油醚浸提物、甲醇浸提物、水浸提物显著降低了白菜种子的胚根长。     

不同生境、温度及赤霉素处理对红毛五加种子层积催芽影响

为了提高红毛五加种子的发芽率,通过对红毛五加种子在不同温度条件下、不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)处理及不同生境种子进行层积催芽试验,研究不同层积催芽方法对红毛五加种子胚生长及发芽率影响。结果表明:红毛五加种子采摘后,经过90d左右的18℃高温层积处理过程,完成种子胚后熟生长,即完成种子形态后熟;红毛五加完成了种子胚的形态成熟后处于深度休眠中,4℃低温处理90d基本可以完成红毛五加可萌发种子的休眠过程;一定浓度GA3的有利于种胚在18℃高温条件下形成,种子的胚率提高,发芽率增加;不同生境条件下的红毛五加种子发芽率均存在着显著的差异。     

四川牡丹种子浸提液内源抑制物活性初探

 通过研究四川牡丹（Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.）种皮、胚乳水浸提物对白菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及保护酶活性的影响,探讨四川牡丹种子内源抑制物质的活性。结果发现,四川牡丹种皮、胚乳中含有抑制白菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的物质,随着该物质浓度的增加,抑制作用更为显著;相同浓度的胚乳浸提液对白菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用显著高于种皮浸提液。胚乳浸提液能够直接抑制白菜幼苗过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,间接影响超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果表明：四川牡丹种子内源抑制物质的存在,可能是四川牡丹种子休眠的重要原因;四川牡丹种子浸提物可能通过影响保护酶的活性进而影响白菜幼苗的正常生长。     

核桃坚果水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响

为探究核桃果实不同部位水浸液对植物种子萌发及生长的影响,本试验以莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草4种种子为试材,对其进行核桃种子、种仁及种皮的水浸液浸泡处理,进而研究核桃果实不同部位水浸液的化感作用,旨在探讨核桃水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响。结果表明,在特定浓度下,核桃种子的水浸液对莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草种子萌发均起到抑制作用,对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用大于莴笋幼苗的生长,对马蹄金和野牛草种子生长的抑制作用大于莴笋和萝卜。核桃种仁的水浸液对幼苗生长的抑制作用大于其余2个部位的影响,表现为:核桃种仁大于核桃种壳和核桃种子。本研究探索了核桃种子水浸液的化感作用及抑制植物种子萌发的物质,为农作物间作套种、化感抗害提供了依据和指导。     

NaCl胁迫对不同品种黄瓜种子萌发特性的影响

以5个黄瓜品种为试材,采用培养皿发芽法,研究了不同浓度NaCl溶液浸种对不同品种黄瓜种子萌发和胚根生长的影响。结果表明:200mM以下浓度NaCl胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发和胚根生长没有显著影响,200mM以上浓度NaCl胁迫则显著抑制了黄瓜的种子萌发和胚根生长,且随NaCl浓度提高,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数显著降低,胚根长、胚根鲜重、一级侧根数也均显著下降;5个供试品种中,"津春4号"和"津优10号"特别是"津春4号"的种子萌发和胚根生长受NaCl胁迫的抑制程度较大,"津春2号"(改良)和"津优2号"受抑制程度较小,"津园3号"受抑制程度居于上述2类种子之间。     

太子参水浸液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了太子参茎叶和连作土壤水浸液对其种子萌发和种苗生长的影响。结果表明:高浓度茎叶浸提液抑制太子参种子萌发;低浓度的茎叶浸提液对太子参种苗生长有促进作用,高浓度的茎叶浸提液抑制了太子参胚根和胚芽的生长;连作土壤浸提液对太子参胚根的生长有极显著的促进作用;化感作用可能是导致太子参连作障碍的重要原因。     

NaCl胁迫对甜瓜种子萌发的影响

采用培养皿发芽法研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对甜瓜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:种子在吸胀阶段受盐胁迫影响较小,当种子萌动后高盐浓度对种子吸水有抑制作用。50mmol·L-1NaCl处理,对黄河蜜胚根生长有促进作用;50mmol·L-1以上,随着盐浓度增加,黄河蜜、白沙蜜、甘黄金种子的发芽速度逐渐降低,相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、胚根生长量均下降。盐胁迫对种子α-淀粉酶活力和膜修复的抑制可能是造成甜瓜种子萌发推迟和发芽势下降的主要原因。     

不同浓度沼液浸种对甜瓜种子萌发的影响

在实验室控温条件下研究了不同浓度沼液浸种对甜瓜种子萌发的影响.研究结果表明,60%沼液处理对甜瓜种子萌发和胚根生长有促进作用,沼液浓度在60%以上时,随着沼液浓度增加,种子的发芽速度逐渐降低,相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、胚根生长量均下降,不同浓度沼液浸种对种子的萌发影响较小,高浓度(>60%)沼液对种子α-淀粉酶活力和膜修复的抑制可能是造成甜瓜种子萌发推迟和发芽势下降的主要原因.     

蒲公英水浸液 对茄子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

本文以蒲公英地上和地下部分为试材,研究其不同浓度的水浸液对茄子的种子发芽和幼苗生长以及相关生理指标的影响.结果表明,随蒲公英水浸液浓度的增加对茄子种子发芽的抑制作用增大.茄子幼苗生长的形态指标和叶片光合特性与水浸液浓度间存在正相关关系,幼苗根系活力和POD活性随水浸液浓度的增加而增加,而MDA含量则降低,膜脂过氧化作用也降低.地上和地下部水浸液对其种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响趋势一致.     

蜡梅种子休眠原因浅析及赤霉素对种子萌发的影响

以蜡梅种子为试材,酸蚀30min后研究种皮透水性;提取种子萌发抑制物,通过其对拟南芥种子萌发的影响研究萌发抑制物的分布;酸蚀处理后用GA3溶液浸种,研究GA3对蜡梅种子萌发的影响。结果表明:蜡梅种子的种皮透水性较差,严重阻碍种子吸水;种子浸提液抑制拟南芥种子萌发,萌发抑制物主要存在于种仁内;125~500mg/L GA3浸种处理可以打破蜡梅种子的生理休眠,提高种子的发芽势和发芽率;其中,250mg/L GA3浸种6h效果最好;初始萌发时间为5d,发芽势和发芽率分别达41.7%和95.8%,比对照分别提前3d,提高25.23%和91.60%。     

祖师麻(黄瑞香)种子休眠原因初探

研究祖师麻(黄瑞香)种子抑制物质的存在部位和吸水规律,以期为种子人工繁育祖师麻(黄瑞香)提供依据。结果表明,黄瑞香果实各组分中所含抑制物不同,果肉中抑制物含量最高,对白菜种子发芽抑制作用最为明显,其他部位含量较少,对白菜种子发芽没有明显的抑制作用;破除种皮的祖师麻(黄瑞香)种子吸水表现为明显的S型吸水曲线,22h后吸水逐渐平稳,吸水率达48.1%。CK的吸水一直低而平稳,没表现S型吸水规律,22h后吸水率仅为33.4%。     

Bioassay of germination inhibitors in extracts of Sapium sebiferum seeds of different provenance

Sapium sebiferum seeds from Huangshan, Wuhan, and Guiyang in China were studied to identify differences in their 1,000-seed mass and in concentrations of inhibitors of germination in the seed coat or endosperm extracted using methanol or acetone. Seed mass varied significantly in relation to origin, with the highest mass observed in seeds from Wuhan, followed by seeds from Huangshan and Guiyang. Extracts of seed coats or endosperm caused a marked inhibition of the germination index of cabbage seeds, but less inhibition of germination percentages. Endosperm extracts had a stronger inhibitory effect on cabbage seed germination than seed coat extracts. Inhibitor concentrations in whole seeds also varied with seed origin. Seeds from Wuhan exhibited a significantly higher level of inhibition than those from Guiyang or Huangshan, but no significant differences were observed between seeds from Guiyang and Huangshan. The efficacy of methanol or acetone extraction was also evaluated. For whole seeds from Huangshan and Guiyang, methanol was more effective than acetone, while acetone performed better than methanol for seeds from Wuhan.     

不同浓度茼蒿器官水浸提液对西瓜种子发芽特性的影响

采用0.001、0.01、0.1 g?mL-1的干茼蒿根、茎叶、花水浸提液处理西瓜种子,测定其发芽势、发芽率及胚根鲜质量,研究茼蒿水浸提液对西瓜种子的化感抑制率。结果表明：不同浓度茼蒿器官（根、茎叶、花）水浸提液对西瓜种子萌发有较强的抑制作用,随处理浓度升高,抑制作用越强,发芽势、发芽率、胚根鲜质量均低于对照,因此,茼蒿水浸提液浓度在0.001～0.1 g?mL-1对西瓜种子萌发存在明显的化感作用。     

油菜种子特异启动子Napin控制外源EGFP基因在芥菜中的表达

为研究油菜种子特异启动子Napin在芥菜中的表达特性,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因为报告基因,将其置于来自油菜的Napin启动子下游,并经根癌农杆菌介导转入芥菜。对转基因芥菜种子及其T1代幼苗的EGFP检测表明：随着转基因植株的种子逐渐发育成熟,EGFP基因在种皮、子叶、胚根中的表达强度逐渐增强|在转基因种子发芽过程中,幼苗根、子叶、下胚轴中EGFP的表达逐渐降低,直至不能检出绿色荧光。结果表明Napin启动子驱动的外源基因表达在芥菜中表现出较为严格的种子表达特异性。     

Effects of temperature and seed coat treatments on germination of sweet pea

Tests on seeds of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) were set up to examine responses to temperature during germination and to investigate the effects of mechanical and chemical treatments on the permeability of the seed coat to water.Optimum temperatures for germination occurred at about 21 °C, and higher temperatures resulted in the production of fewer seedlings. Although temperatures below c. 15 °C also reduced the numbers of seeds which germinated, even at 2 °C more than 50 % germinated within 60 days.Treatments with concentrated sulphuric acid or the mechanical removal of part of the seed coat by filing greatly increased permeability to water and under some conditions improved germination responses. Filing, followed by exposure to excess free water, reduced germination rates, possibly as a result of loss of solutes from the seed during imbibition.     

Seed-sprouting in tomato fruits

Although tomato juice possesses properties which are inhibitory to seed germination, sprouting of seeds has been observed frequently in ripe tomatoes of mechanical harvest cultivars ‘VF 145’ and ‘VF 13L’. Juice from these cultivars was less inhibitory to tomato seed germination, as determined by bioassays, than that of other cultivars. There was no difference in the inhibition between juice from the pulp and that from the locular gel. Soluble solids accounted for 44% of the inhibition, osmotic concentration 2%, and pH only 0.2%; and the remainder came from other constituents in the juice. Abscisic acid and 2 unidentified substances in the juice isolated by extraction and chromatography were shown to inhibit seed germination; the degree varied with maturity and cultivar.Injection of abscisic acid into the vascular tissue of the stem scar inhibited sprouting within the fruit. Gibberellic acid and kinetin gave variable results, depending upon harvest dates. Fruits from plants grown in low potassium nutrient culture solutions had increased sprouting of seeds.Presented at the XXth International Horticultural Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1978, Abstract 1189     

Some Effects of Seed Size and Maturity on the Yield of Carrot Crops

Carrot seed was harvested on eight occasions from crops grown at Wellesbourne during 1962–64. Seed from each harvest was separated into four size grades by means of round-holed sieves. In laboratory tests, the percentage germination of the seeds increased with increasing seed size. Late-harvested, mature seed of a given size generally had a higher percentage germination than less mature, but otherwise similar, seed. The numbers of seedlings which emerged per 100 seeds sown in the field were linearly related but not directly proportional to the percentage germination of the seed, regardless of seed size or maturity. At comparable plant densities, large seeds gave bigger seedlings than small seeds, and after 15–18 weeks of growth the yield of roots was 15–20% higher from large than from small seed. However, with older crops (24 weeks) no such yield differences were measurable. Graded seed of all but the smallest size gave crops in which the root size had a lower coefficient of variation than that of crops grown from ungraded seed.

In an experiment carried out in 1966 with small, large and ungraded seed from eight imported samples, the results were similar to those obtained with the seed produced at Wellesbourne.

The results suggested that only with crops intended for harvesting when younger than about 18 weeks would greater yields and more uniform roots be expected if graded seed of larger sizes were used rather than small or ungraded seed.     

生防放线菌对油菜生长效应的研究

为了研究生防放线菌与草木灰混合包衣油菜种子对油菜的生长效应,为油菜的栽培及病害防治提供理论依据和指导,探讨了不同浓度的生防放线菌对油菜种子出苗、幼苗株高、根长及叶绿素、维生素 C 含量的影响。试验结果表明,生防放线菌能够促进油菜出苗,且菌剂浓度越高,出苗率越高;低浓度（2%和4%）生防放线菌制剂会抑制油菜幼苗的生长,而10%浓度的菌剂能促进幼苗的生长;随菌剂浓度的提高,油菜幼苗的光合作用能力、抗氧化能力逐渐增强。生防放线菌与草木灰包衣油菜种子时,不同浓度的菌剂对油菜的生长产生不同的效应。因此在生产上应用生防放线菌防治油菜土传病害菌核病时,应正确使用适宜的菌剂浓度,以免抑制油菜的生长。