番茄果实采后一氧化氮处理对活性氧代谢的影响

 以番茄品种‘百利’为试材, 研究了NO处理对其采后活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明: NO处理可推迟果实呼吸和乙烯高峰的出现, 抑制O·₂ 和H₂O₂ 的累积, 保持了贮藏后期SOD、CAT、POD、APX 较高的活性以及GSH和AsA含量的较高水平, 延缓了MDA含量和膜相对透性的升高, 降低膜脂过氧化程度, 延缓了果实衰老。     

‘徐香’猕猴桃采收后逐步降温处理对果实冷害、品质和活性氧代谢的影响

 研究了直接降温和3 种逐步降温处理对‘徐香’猕猴桃果实冷害、品质和活性氧代谢的影 响。结果表明：逐步降温处理有效降低冷藏猕猴桃果实的冷害指数和冷害率,并保持较高的好果率和货 架期品质;显著减少膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的积累和抑制细胞膜透性的增加,保持较高的超氧化物歧化 酶、过氧化氢酶及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和较低的脂氧合酶活性,并降低超氧阴离子自由基生成速率 和过氧化氢含量。这表明,逐步降温减轻‘徐香’猕猴桃果实冷害的发生与活性氧清除酶活性的提高, 及活性氧积累的降低有关。3 种逐步降温中,10 ℃→5 ℃ 2 d →2 ℃ 2 d→0 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃逐步降温对冷 害的控制效果更为显著。     

奉新猕猴桃叶片营养及果实品质的测定与分析

以采自江西省猕猴桃主产区奉新县的15个"金魁"猕猴桃果园的叶片和果实为试材,测定并分析了叶片营养和果实品质的分布情况。结果表明:供试果园叶片氮含量均表现不足,磷含量充足,46.67%果园叶片钾含量不足;大部分果园叶片钙含量偏低,镁含量总体上充足;锰含量总体过剩,硼含量均表现不足;53.33%的果园叶片氯含量过高。果实品质方面,33.33%的果园平均单果重量小于80.00g,80%的果园果实硬度较低,53.33%的果园可溶性固形物含量偏低,可滴定酸含量偏高,品质偏差;73.33%的果园维生素C含量在100.00~150.00mg/100g。     

海藻酸钠涂膜对苹果果实活性氧代谢的影响

海藻酸钠涂膜对红富士苹果有显著的保鲜效果,涂膜减少果实中活性氧生成,降低膜脂过化程度,保持细膜的完整性,并使果实保持较低的保护酶活性。初步认为海藻酸钠涂膜可通过降低活性氧化谢而起保鲜作用。     

外源硒对葡萄叶片活性氧代谢及果实贮藏品质的影响

以六年生露地栽培葡萄‘夏黑’为试材,分别用0(CK)、100、200、300、400 mg·L^-1的亚硒酸钠溶液于果实转色期进行叶面喷施处理,研究硒处理对葡萄叶片活性氧代谢的调控,同时评价其对葡萄果实贮藏保鲜效果的影响,结合主成分分析筛选最佳的硒处理浓度,以期为外源硒在延缓和预防葡萄叶片早衰及葡萄果实保鲜中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明：与CK相比,300 mg·L^-1的硒处理显著提高了叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量。200 mg·L^-1的硒处理有效抑制了果实贮藏期间失重率的升高,延缓了硬度、维生素C、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,维持了较高的好果率。主成分分析表明,不同浓度硒处理对葡萄叶片活性氧代谢的调控和果实常温贮藏保鲜效果排名分别为300 mg·L^-1>200 mg·L^-1>100 mg·L^-1     

不同保鲜方法对黄秋葵果实贮藏品质及活性氧代谢的影响

以黄秋葵果实为试材,采用4种不同保鲜处理(壳聚糖、气调、1-MCP、水杨酸,以不作任何处理为对照)后,置于(9±1)℃,相对湿度85%~90%条件下贮藏,研究贮藏过程中黄秋葵果实活性氧代谢相关物质的变化。结果表明:3种保鲜处理及气调较对照均可显著提高黄秋葵果实的总抗氧化能力、DPPH·清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~·)清除能力、羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力;显著降低细胞膜的渗透率、H_2O_2含量和O_2~·含量。可知壳聚糖处理的保鲜效果最好,其次为水杨酸、1-MCP,气调处理的保鲜效果最差。     

硼钼营养对青花菜花球产量及活性氧代谢的影响

研究了硼（B）、钼（Mo)营养8种处理对青花菜花球产量和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,B、Mo营养与青花菜花球产量及活性氧代谢有密切的关系,B、Mo营养具有明显的互作效应,当B浓度相同时,随着Mo浓度的提高,CAT活性与ASA含量也随之提高;当Mo浓度相同时,随着B浓度的提高,CAT活性与ASA含量也随之提高。适宜的B、Mo配施可提高SOD、POD、NR的活性,降低MDA含量与自动氧化速率,抑制膜脂过氧化,提高花球产量。青花菜花球的生产能力与细胞保护酶（SOD、POD、NR、CAT）活性呈极显著的正相关,与MDA含量呈显著的负相关。     

采收期对“徐香”猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以"徐香"猕猴桃为试材,研究了盛花期后97、104、111、118、125、132、139和146d(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ)不同采收期的"徐香"猕猴桃果实在常温(20～22℃)下的后熟品质,探讨"徐香"猕猴桃最适采收期。结果表明:早期采收(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)时,果个小、果实可溶性固形物和干物质含量较低,可滴定酸含量偏高,糖酸比偏低,后熟软化过程中的失重率、腐烂率也较高。晚期采收(Ⅶ、Ⅷ)的果实个大,可溶性固形物、干物质、总糖、糖酸比高,但果实后熟软化期明显缩短,失重率和腐烂率增加。盛花后125～132d(Ⅴ、Ⅵ期)采收的果实,果实可溶性固形物达6.67%以上,维生素C含量、糖酸比、果实硬度较高,失重率、腐烂率低,表明其为"徐香"猕猴桃的适宜采收期。     

无纺布果袋对猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以浙江地区栽培的红阳猕猴桃为试材,研究了无纺布果袋与黄纸袋套袋对猕猴桃果实品质的影响。结果表明:红阳猕猴桃果实套袋后比未套袋成熟期提前,且外观品质好于未套袋果实;采用无纺布果袋套袋后,猕猴桃果实可溶性固形物(软化后)、维生素C、总糖、总酸含量高于黄纸袋,内在品质得到一定程度改善。     

猕猴桃幼果期钙处理对果实贮藏和品质的影响

以中华猕猴桃品系湘酃８０－２为试材,在幼果期进行浸钙处理。结果表明：不同钙处理能不同程度地延长猕猴桃果实贮藏期,其中以０.５％Ｃａ_２（ＮＯ_３）_２处理对果实贮藏与品质的综合效果最好;０．５％Ｃａ（ＮＯ_３）_２＋ １００ ｍｐ·ｌ~(－1)萘乙酸能显著提高果实硬度与贮藏性能。     

Effects of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase on process of atherosclerosis

AIM：To explore the dynamic changes of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase during the process of atherosclerosis, and to analyze their influence on the formation of atherosclerosis. METHODS：SD rats (n=60) were randomly divided into control group and atherosclerosis group (30 rats in each group). Atherosclerosis model was induced by feeding high-fat diet and vitamin D3. The values of blood biochemical were analyzed enzymatically using bioMérieux kit. The concentration of serum nitric oxideing was detected by a colorimetric method. The success of atherosclerosis modeling was determined by pathological examination. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in atherosclerotic plaque was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS：The atherosclerosis model was successfully established in 90 d. The concentration of serum nitric oxide gradually decreased in atherosclerosis group, and a significant difference among groups was observed. Atherosclerosis index was positively correlated with calcium ion, and negatively correlated with nitric oxide. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the atherosclerotic plaque after 90 d was found. CONCLUSION:The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the plaque area of aorta increases and the concentration of serum nitric oxide decreases with the process of atherosclerosis. The anti-atherosclerosis role of nitric oxide is gradually decreased.     

钾对猕猴桃果实品质与贮藏的影响

为提高猕猴桃果实品质与耐贮性,以7年生美味猕猴桃品种米良1号(Actinidiadeliciosacv.Miliang-1)为试材,进行果实生长发育期施钾处理对果实品质与贮藏性能影响的研究。结果表明:适量施钾能提高果实硬度及可溶性固形物与维生素C含量,降低果实含酸量,提高果实耐贮性。在0-4℃贮藏条件下,以株施纯K2O80g+叶面喷施0.3%硫酸钾处理果实贮藏效果最佳,贮藏73d时,其软果率最低(15.56%),果肉硬度最高(0.27MPa)。同时果实维生素C含量的下降趋势较为平缓,果实贮藏寿命延长。贮藏6个月时,株施纯K2O80g+叶面喷施0.3%硫酸钾处理的果实好果率(68.89%)明显高于对照果实(0)。     

Effects of folic acid on antioxidant enzyme,nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in ovariectomized rats

AIM: To observe the effects of folic acid (FA) on antioxidant enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty three-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, OVX group, diethylstilbestrol group (0.03 mg·kg^-1·d^-1), low-dose FA group (5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and high-dose FA group (20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). Gastric gavage started 1 week after operation and lasted for 10 weeks. The rats in sham group and OVX group were given distilled water instead of FA as controls. At the end of the 10th week, the L₅ vertebra and right femur were removed for determination of bone mineral density (BMD). The bone homogenates were made using the L₃ and L₄ vertebrae. The levels of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), NOS and NO were detected in plasma and bone homogenates.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the BMD levels in L₅ vertebra and right femur and the levels of GSH-Px and NO in the plasma were all decreased. The levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS and NO in the bone homogenates were also decreased, while the MDA concentration was increased in OVX group (all P < 0.01). Compared with OVX group, the levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS, NO and BMD of the L₅ vertebra and right femur were all increased, while the MDA concentration was decreased in high-dose FA group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In female SD rats, ovariectomy leads to a significant reduction of antioxidant enzyme, NOS and NO levels. Oxidative stress is possibly involved in the development of osteoporosis. Protection against osteoporosis by high-dose FA may be linked to improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity, the levels of NOS and NO as well as a reduction of oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.     

Effect of advanced glycosylation end products on level of nitric oxide and activity of nitric oxide synthase in cultured macrophages

AIM:To study the mechanism and effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) on NO pathway in cultured macrophages.METHODS:The level of NO and NOS activity were measured by NO and NOS kits in cultured macrophages. RESULTS:The results showed that AGEs induced decreases in NO level and NOS activity in a time and dose-related manner in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated macrophages. VitE can significantly inhibited effects of AGEs on IL-1-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION:AGEs can decrease NO production via inhibiting NOS activity in IL-1-stimulated macrophages. VitE can protect the cells from AGEs injury. It is an important theoretical basis for preventing chronic complication in diabetes mellitus.     

Effects of aspirin on production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression under inflammatory conditions in human vascular endothelial cells

AIM: To explore the effect of aspirin on inducible nitric oxide synthesis and gene expression under inflammation in endothelial cells. METHODS:Using NADPH, Griess methods and RT-PCR, the activity of isozymes of NO synthase (NOS), nitric oxide (NO) level, and iNOS mRNA expression were examined respectively. Also, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and cell viability were measured. RESULTS: Aspirin (3 mmol/L) reduced inducible NO production and NOS activity(P＜0.05), caused a significant decrease in LDH release rate and MDA content with a further increase in cell viability. Aspirin inhibited inducible NO excretion and alleviated the damage caused by NO in a concentration-dependent manner. However,aspirin had no effect on basal NO levels in the absence of stimulation by inflammatory factor. On the other hand, under middle concentration (＜10 mmol/L), aspirin was able to reduce enzymatic activity of NOS and protein expression by increasing the stability of iNOS mRNA. In contrast, at high concentration (20 mol/L), aspirin could decrease the stability of iNOSmRNA. Sodium salicylate and indomethacin did not inhibit inducible NO production. CONCLUSION:Aspirin could significantly inhibit inducible NO production in vascular endothelial cells during inflammation.     

短时间冰冻低温处理下活性氧代谢与桃芽自然休眠解除研究(英文)

以7a生曙光油桃为试材,通过冰冻低温处理枝条,研究了不同温度和时间对桃芽的存活率、萌芽级数和活性氧含量及其相关酶活性的影响,并探讨对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应。结果表明,短时间冰冻低温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除的调控效应因处理时期、处理温度和处理持续时间长短的不同而异。3个不同采样时期,短时间冰冻处理中,-4℃和-7℃处理对油桃芽休眠解除的效应不明显,桃芽中H2O2(过氧化氢)含量、O·2(超氧阴离子自由基)产生速率和·OH(羟基自由基)产生速率及POD(过氧化物酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性与对照相比差异不大;但-10℃、-13℃、-16℃、-19℃和-21℃各处理对油桃芽休眠解除呈正调控效应,桃芽内除SOD活性显著降低外其它指标都明显升高;但是采样时期越晚,调控效应越明显。H2O2含量、O·2和·OH产生速率的显著增加表明短时间冰冻处理可有效解除芽自然休眠,并且活性氧的迅速增加可能是短时间冰冻处理解除芽自然休眠的重要因素。     

不同光强对设施桃树活性氧代谢的影响

以2年生春捷为试材,通过在温室内遮阴处理研究了桃树在不同光强条件下不同状态活性氧的产生速率以及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:随着处理时间的延长,3个处理的活性氧产生速率均表现为不同的趋势。随着光照强度的减弱,3个光强处理的活性氧产生速率依次提高,而抗氧化酶的活性却降低,10.5%相对透光率处理叶片膜脂过氧化程度最高,30%相对透光率处理的叶片活性氧产生速率也有一定程度的上升,抗氧化酶的活性相对较低,叶片膜脂过氧化程度有一定升高。     

Effect of chronic hypoxia on L-Arginine/nitric oxide pathway in rat pulmonary artery

AIM: To study the effect of chronic hypoxia on L-Arginine/NO pathway in rat pulmonary artery. METHODS: Changes in pulmonary artery L-Arginine(L-Arg) transport, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, plasma nitrite level and L-Arg level in HPH rats were investigated. RESULTS: (1) The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and weight ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle and septum (RV/LV+S) of HPH group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.01). (2) Plasma L-Arg level in HPH group was not significantly changed. (3) At low (0.2 mmol/L)or high(5.0 mmol/L)concentration of L-Arg, the velocity of L-Arg transport in HPH group was lower than that in control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). (4) The activity of pulmonary artery tNOS, iNOS and cNOS in HPH group were increased by 38.0%, 32.8% and 53.0%, respectively (P＜0.01), compared with control group. (5) Plasma NO level of HPH group was decreased, which was negative correlation to mPAP and RV/LV+S (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: The decrease of nitric oxide generation might result from L-Arg transport injury, while pulmonary artery tNOS, iNOS and cNOS activity were enhanced during chronic hypoxia.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of nitric oxide and atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis has been considered as one of inflammatory disease. Besides its action on vasomotor tone regulation, nitric oxide (NO) is recognized to be an anti-inflammatory molecule. The anti-inflammatory effects of NO are attributable to inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation.     

Effects of nitric oxide inhalation on nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 in patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

AIM: To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-l) of patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Examined 13 pulmonic blood samples to determine the concentration of NOS in leukocyte and ET-1 in plasma before NO inhalation, 30 minutes after inhalation, 2 and 12 hours after stopping of inhalation respectiviy. RESULTS: The values taken before inhalation was NOS (0.70 ± 0.21 )mol/min·mg^-1, ET-1 (78.89 ± 46.59) Pmol/L; 30 minutes after inhalation (0.74±0.14)mol/min·mg^-1, ET-1 (88.27 ± 45.41 )pmol/L; 2 hours after stopping of inhalation NOS (0.64 ± 0.22)mol/min·mg-1, ET-1 (80.76±42.66)pmol/L; and 12 hours after stopping of inhalation NOS (0. 63± 0. 17)mol/min.mg-1, ET-1(61.07±29.44)pmol/L. NO significant difference was found in the values of NOS and ET- 1 before and after inhalation, P＞ 0.05. CONCLUSION: The effects of NO inhalation on NOS and ET-l in patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension are not significant according to the above investigation.