毒绳法防治舞毒蛾技术

毒绳法防治舞毒蛾技术舞毒蛾（ＬｙｍａｎｔｒｉａｄｉｓｐａｒＬｉｎｎａｅｕｓ）属鳞翅目，毒蛾科。又名秋千毛虫、柿毛虫，俗名毒毛虫。在北方果树产区发生普遍，它的食性很杂，为害桃、李、杏、苹果、梨、板栗、核桃、山楂、柿等果树，也为害桑、柳等多种林木。对舞毒...     

舞毒蛾在核桃树上的危害及其防治

舞毒蛾(Qenerid dispar sinnaeus)属鳞翅目毒蛾科,又名大毛虫、秋千毛虫、舞舞蛾,我国东北、华北地区分布较多。幼虫食叶危害蔷薇科果树及杨、榆等多种植物。前几年左权县部分核桃产区发现此虫危害,去年我们在该县核桃生产区拐儿镇进行了观察和防治。     

板栗食叶害虫防治技术

<正>板栗食叶害虫主要包括木橑尺蠖、舟形毛虫、舞毒蛾、栗毒蛾,主要分布在边远山沟,栗园周围栎类灌木丛(橡树、桲椤等)茂盛区发生较严重,属秋发型害     

燕山栗区舞毒蛾的发生与防治

燕山栗区舞毒蛾的发生与防治舞毒蛾又名柿毛虫、苹果毒蛾、柿毒蛾，尾鳞翅目，毒蛾科。为害多种果树及林木，近年来，在燕山栗产区发生严重，幼虫为害嫩芽和叶片，影响树势及产量，是一种杂食性害虫。１发生规律该虫在当地一年发生１代，以卵块在树体上、石块、梯田壁等处...     

板栗食叶害虫防治技术

板栗食叶害虫主要包括木撩尺蠖、舟形毛虫、舞毒蛾、栗毒蛾,属秋发型害虫,前期危害不明显,极易造成暴发性灾害。在山沟栗园周围栎类灌木丛（橡树、桴椤等）茂盛区发生较严重。     

栗产区舞毒蛾的发生规律与防治方法

正舞毒蛾,鳞翅目毒蛾科,又名秋千毛虫、苹果毒蛾、柿毛虫。在我国东北、华北、华中、西北等地均有分布。舞毒蛾的幼虫主要危害叶片,几周内可把树叶吃光,是危害板栗的主要害虫之一。1.1雄成虫体长约20 mm,前翅茶褐色,有4、5条波状横带,外缘呈深色带状,中室中央有一黑点。1.2雌虫体长约25 mm,前翅灰白色,前翅上斑纹与雄虫相似。腹末有黄褐色鳞毛。1.3卵圆形稍扁,0.9~1.3 mm,其上覆盖有很厚的黄褐色绒毛。     

热带果树毒蛾类害虫及其防治技术

毒蛾类害虫均属鳞翅目．夜蛾总科，毒蛾科昆虫，是危害农、林、牧业生产的一类常见害虫，分布广，种类多，危害大，一些种类往往是森林、果树的重要害虫。毒蛾主要取食寄主植物的叶、花和嫩果等，大发生时将寄主植物的叶片取食后，仅剩主脉．严重影响寄主植物的生长和开花结果。为害热带果树的     

角斑古毒蛾的发生与防治

<正> 角斑古毒蛾(Orgyiagonstigma〈Linnaeus〉),又名杨白纹毒蛾、赤纹毒蛾、囊尾毒蛾,属鳞翅目毒蛾科.此虫在我国东北、华北都有分布,寄主范围广,其中主要有苹果、梨、桃、山楂、杏、李、樱桃、核桃、板栗、山抟榉、栎、云杉、松、落叶松、杨、柳、花生、大豆等.近年来为害果树和林木有上升趋势。     

双抗虫基因三倍体毛白杨对舞毒蛾幼虫的抗性研究

用室内群体饲养舞毒蛾幼虫的方法,对15个双抗基因三倍体毛白杨株系进行饲虫试验。结果表明:校正死亡率划分了高抗、中抗、低抗虫植株,舞毒蛾校正死亡率在95以上为高抗株系;40～75为中抗株系,30以下为低抗株系。舞毒蛾的发育历期、蜕皮指数和毒效反映的规律相一致。     

银杏叶浸提液防治舞毒蛾室内试验初报

<正> 舞毒蛾是为害苹果、梨等重要害虫之一.本试验通过用银杏叶浸提液防治舞毒蛾,结果表明,在舞毒蛾幼虫大发生期用25倍的银杏叶浸提液喷雾防治,死虫率达84％,此法对人畜、果树安全,不污染环境,不杀伤天敌。舞毒蛾是世界性害虫,分布非常广,食性杂,为害苹果、梨、梅、杏、山楂、柿子、核桃、杨等多种植物,是林木果材的一大害虫,目前发展日趋严重,幼虫取     

Forecasting the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth outbreaks using cellular transition models

A series of cellular transition probability models that predict the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation were developed. The models consisted of four classes: Simple Markov chains, Rook's and Queen's move neighborhood models, and distance weighted neighborhood models. Historical maps of gypsy moth defoliation across Massachusetts from 1961 to 1991 were digitized into a binary raster matrix and used to estimate transition probabilities. Results indicated that the distance weighted neighborhood model performed better then the other neighborhood models and the simple Markov chain. Incorporation of interpolated counts of overwintering egg mass counts taken throughout the state and incorporation of historical defoliation frequencies increased the performance of the transition models.     

The cost of gypsy moth sex in the city

Since its introduction in the 1860s, gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), has periodically defoliated large swaths of forest in the eastern United States. Prior research has suggested that the greatest costs and losses from these outbreaks accrue in residential areas, but these impacts have not been well quantified. We addressed this lacuna with a case study of Baltimore City. Using two urban tree inventories, we estimated potential costs and losses from a range of gypsy moth outbreak scenarios under different environmental and management conditions. We combined outbreak scenarios with urban forest data to model defoliation and mortality and based the costs and losses on the distribution of tree species in different size classes and land uses throughout Baltimore City. In each outbreak, we estimated the costs of public and private suppression, tree removal and replacement, and human medical treatment, as well as the losses associated with reduced pollution uptake, increased carbon emissions and foregone sequestration. Of the approximately 2.3 M trees in Baltimore City, a majority of the basal area was primary or secondary host for gypsy moth. Under the low outbreak scenario, with federal and state suppression efforts, total costs and losses were $5.540 M, much less than the $63.666 M estimated for the high outbreak scenario, in which the local public and private sectors were responsible for substantially greater tree removal and replacement costs. The framework that we created can be used to estimate the impacts of other non-native pests in urban environments.     

Spatial dynamics of a gypsy moth defoliation outbreak and dependence on habitat characteristics

Forest insects cause defoliation disturbances with complex spatial dynamics. These are difficult to measure but critical for models of disturbance risk that inform forest management. Understanding of spatial dynamics has lagged behind other disturbance processes because traditional defoliation sketch map data often suffered from inadequate precision or spatial resolution. We sought to clarify the influence of underlying habitat characteristics on outbreak patterns by combining forest plots, GIS data and defoliation intensity maps modeled from Landsat imagery. We quantified dependence of defoliation on spatial patterns of host abundance, phenology, topography, and pesticide spray for a recent gypsy moth outbreak (2000–2001), in a mixed deciduous forest in western Maryland, USA. We used semivariograms and hierarchical partitioning to quantify spatial patterns and variable importance. Habitat characteristics from plot data explained 21 % of defoliation variance in 2000 from tree density, phenological asynchrony, pesticide spray status, and landform index and 34 % of the variance in 2001 from previous-year defoliation, relative abundance of non-host species, phenological asynchrony, pesticide spray status, and relative slope position. Spatial autocorrelation in residual defoliation ranged over distances of 788 m in 2000 and 461 m in 2001, corresponding well with gypsy moth larval dispersal distances (100 m to 1 km). Un-measured processes such as predation, virus and pathogen occurrence likely contribute to unexplained variance. Because the spatial dynamics of these factors are largely unknown, our results support modeling gypsy moth defoliation as a function of dependence on significant exogenous characteristics and residual spatial pattern matching.     

梨反转录转座子逆转录酶序列预测及其进化和转录分析

基于生物信息学方法对‘酥梨’基因组中不同类型的逆转录酶进行预测,共获得345条copia类和99条gypsy类逆转录酶。通过系统聚类,copia类逆转录酶可分为Ivana、Ale、TAR、Angela、Maximus和Bianca等6类;gypsy类逆转录酶可分为Athila、Tat、CRM、Reina和Tekay等5类。序列比对结果显示梨中逆转录酶具有较高的异质性,copia类逆转录酶序列分歧度为0.44,gypsy类为0.38。挑选出8类逆转录酶设计引物,并对梨属其它植物进行PCR扩增,结果显示这8类逆转录酶广泛存在于梨属植物中。在砂梨品种‘圆黄’的叶片、种子和果实中均发现该8类逆转录酶存在一定的转录水平,这是首次发现在梨属植物正常生长组织中逆转录酶发生转录。     

生态健康果园(香梨)中梨小食心虫发生动态监测研究简

通过对生态健康果园（香梨）中利用性信息素和糖醋液诱捕器对梨小食心虫的发生动态进行监测研究,为生态健康果园（香梨）及常规果园的有效监测和适时制定生物防治措施提供参考。研究表明：两种诱捕器对梨小食心虫全年发生消长规律监测的趋势基本一致,梨小食心虫1年发生4代,峰值明显,越冬代羽化高峰期为4月中、下旬。在生态健康果园（香梨）中由于大量、高浓度性信息素的存在,梨小食心虫成虫对糖醋液的趋性比性信息素的趋性敏感,利用糖醋液诱捕器能够很好地监测梨小食心虫的发生动态,且监测准确性明显高于性信息素诱捕器。     

宁夏枸杞果实带菌测定

通过分离、鉴定,对宁夏枸杞主要栽培区贮存1 a和2 a的枸杞果实表面和内部带菌种类进行了测定.结果表明:宁夏枸杞果实带真菌较为普遍,表面带菌8属11种,内部带菌6属6种,表面带菌种类较内部多;同一地区贮存1 a和2 a带菌种类差异不大;宁夏芦花台园林场枸杞带菌种类较中宁县和惠农区略少.     

甜菜夜蛾测报性诱剂的适用性与可靠性评价

应用甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua Hübner）性诱剂[1]进行虫情测报,与使用虫情测报灯相比,具有诱蛾始见早、峰型明显,不受气候、周边灯光干扰等特点,通过几年多点的示范比较,上海地区应用宁波纽康生物技术有限公司生产的甜菜夜蛾专用测报诱芯,使用最简便、稳定、有效,特别是在上海地区梅雨季节,最能客观地反映虫情消长的真实发生动态,是改进、革新该虫测报技术的首选诱源。     

性诱剂对小菜蛾种群的迷向效果

采用迷向指标,评价了不同成虫密度、不同诱捕器数量对小菜蛾种群的迷向作用。结果表明,自设置性诱剂后的前6d,对小菜蛾成虫的迷向不断增强,10～18d后形成迷向高峰,18d后显著下降。在小菜蛾不同成虫密度下,随着田间菜蛾密度的增加,迷向率呈下降趋势,其中以田间蛾密度为4515～6000头/hm2时,迷向作用最强;同时性诱剂可有效地减少小菜蛾的田间落卵量,对小菜蛾种群的迷向作用105个/hm2效果较好。     

基于生态管理的山东苹果无袋栽培“依历按需用药”病虫害综合防控方案

山东产区苹果实施无袋栽培首先要选择苹果轮纹病、苹果炭疽病、桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫等果实病虫发生基数较低的果园。实施无袋栽培前,治理果园内外环境,压低病虫基数,防止果园病虫大量繁殖蔓延。在此基础上,依据本地主要病虫害种类及其防治关键时期,设计周年监测与防治预案,即防治历:以10 d为1个周期,监测和预测病虫害的发生动态;当病虫需要用药防治时,选择相应药剂及时防治。苹果无袋栽培的病虫害防控可划分为休眠期、幼果期、雨季和果实采收前4个时期,各个时期的重点防控对象和目标各不相同。休眠期主要铲除在树体和周边环境中越冬的各种病虫,减轻生长期的防治压力;幼果期以防治苹果霉心病、苹果锈病、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、绿盲蝽等为主,兼治其他病虫;雨季以防治苹果轮纹病、苹果炭疽病、桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫为主,兼治其他病虫;采收前,病害以防止弱寄生菌在果面定殖为主,虫害主要防治各种危害果实的害虫。3年来在多个园片试验示范,绝大部分果园病虫果率控制在10%以下。     

小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策,并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点,提出了具体的防治办法。