朱顶红无菌苗叶片高效再生体系

以朱顶红(Hippeastrum vittatum)叶片为外植体进行离体培养,具有取材方便、试材充足、成本低等优势,但叶片诱导再生率极低,是朱顶红离体培养的一大难题。本试验中分别以‘花孔雀’和‘黑天鹅’朱顶红无菌苗叶片为外植体,探究了不同植物生长调节剂和不同取材部位对不定芽诱导和继代增殖的影响。结果表明:最佳外植体为MS培养基中培养10 d形成的幼嫩叶片基部(0.5 cm),在光照16h·d~(-1)(光照强度36μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))下,不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1 mg·L~(-1) NAA+2 mg·L~(-1) TDZ,两个品种的不定芽均以间接途径发生,其中‘花孔雀’在培养40 d后形成愈伤组织,55 d形成不定芽,诱导率可达69.44%;‘黑天鹅’在培养45d后形成愈伤组织,65d形成不定芽,诱导率达到66.67%;最适体细胞胚诱导培养基为MS+2 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1 mg·L~(-1) PIC,‘花孔雀’和‘黑天鹅’的诱导率分别达到66.67%和63.89%;最佳不定芽增殖培养基为MS+2 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1 mg·L~(-1) NAA+1mg·L~(-1) TDZ,‘花孔雀’和‘黑天鹅’的增殖系数分别达到4.67和3.46;在不添加植物生长调节剂的MS培养基中进行生根培养,30 d后两个品种的生根率均达到100%;将生根培养30 d的小植株转移至室温条件下放置3 d,摘去封口膜再驯化3 d后,移栽至经高温消毒的草炭︰蛭石(体积比)为1︰1的基质中,成活率达到100%。     

大蒜未受精子房离体诱导单倍体的研究

 以苍山大蒜品种‘糙蒜’为试材,通过花茎离体培养获得发育健壮的花器官。以其未受精子房为外植体进行离体培养,研究不同培养基（MS、B5、N6）及外源植物生长调节剂对单倍体诱导的影响,以建立大蒜单倍体诱导体系。结果表明,诱导未受精子房产生愈伤组织的适宜培养基为B5 + 2 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1 mg · L^-1 NAA,愈伤组织及雌核发育胚总诱导率可达12.24%;诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽的适宜培养基为B5 + 3 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1 mg · L^-1 NAA,不定芽分化频率可达46.15%;将不定芽转移至B5 + 0.05 mg · L^-1 NAA培养基中可诱导生根,发育成完整植株。以再生植株叶片为材料,采用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定,所得18株再生植株中有16株为单倍体植株。     

油点花的组织培养与快速繁殖

以油点花Ledebouria socialis(Baker)Jessop的叶片、叶柄和假鳞茎为外植体,经表面消毒处理,接种于不同激素配比的MS培养基中,探讨油点花外植体诱导愈伤组织、丛生芽、不定根培养的最适培养基和培养条件,以获得大量种苗,为其人工种植及商业化水平发展提供参考依据。结果表明:不同外植体均能诱导愈伤组织的产生,且叶片外植体最易诱导;适合油点花愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1,诱导率为96.3%~98.8%;而MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1适宜于芽诱导培养,诱导率为91.1%;培养基MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1适宜生根及壮苗培养,生根率89.5%;练苗移栽,其平均成活率达86.7%以上。     

薄皮甜瓜离体再生体系的优化

通过器官发生途径诱导形成不定芽,建立薄皮甜瓜‘IVF05’植株再生体系,探讨不同外植体及不同的激素组合对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明,子叶近胚轴端外植体的不定芽再生率为90.00%,子叶节的再生率为85.00%,子叶远胚轴端外植体的再生率为31.43%,下胚轴的再生率为0,子叶近胚轴端是‘IVF05’不定芽分化的理想的外植体。不定芽诱导中最适宜的培养基为MS+ABA 0.5 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1,在此培养基上产生的愈伤较少,能正常分化的不定芽较多,不定芽的生长较快。在MS+6-BA 0.05 mg·L-1的不定芽伸长培养基上,分化的不定芽能够伸长长大。在MS+IAA 0.2 mg·L-1的生根培养基上无根苗容易生根。从外植体培养到获得完整再生植株需50⁶0 d。     

厚藤的组织培养及植株再生

以厚藤不同外植体为试材,MS为基本培养基进行组织培养,研究6-BA和NAA不同浓度组合对不同外植体愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及增殖的影响,以筛选出适合厚藤组织培养的最适外植体和培养基。结果表明:厚藤最佳的愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 0.75mg/L+NAA 0.25mg/L,最佳外植体为叶片;不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1~0.5mg/L;在MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L培养基中增殖倍数最高。在1/2MS培养基上培养,生根率达87.5%。     

长寿花组培快繁体系的建立

以长寿花愈伤组织为外植体,研究了不同激素(6-BA和IBA)浓度配比对长寿花丛生芽诱导以及添加不同浓度NAA对其生根培养的影响。结果表明:长寿花丛生芽诱导增殖的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+IBA 0.4mg·L-1,诱导率为288.7%;最适生根诱导培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.3mg·L-1,生根率为63.3%;长寿花生根组培苗成活率较高为97%。     

翠菊‘花束绯红’叶片的植株再生体系建立

以翠菊‘花束绯红’无菌苗为材料,研究了植物生长调节剂浓度及组合、光照条件、不同附加物对叶片及其愈伤组织再生植株的影响。结果表明:(1)在光照培养条件下,诱导翠菊叶片不定芽形成的最适培养基为MS+6-BA3.0mg·L-1+IBA1.0mg·L-1,诱导率为56.7%,平均不定芽数为3.3;(2)黑暗培养不利于叶片不定芽的分化,但促进叶片愈伤组织的形成;(3)培养基中分别添加脯氨酸、水解酪蛋白和NH4NO3等均能明显促进愈伤组织不定芽的诱导,最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+IBA0.1mg·L-1+脯氨酸300mg·L-1,诱导率为82.8%,平均不定芽数为4.5;(4)不定芽移到幼苗生根培养基(1/2MS+IBA0.1mg·L-1)上,生根率为89.1%,移栽后成活率达89.3%。     

色素万寿菊叶片再生体系的建立及优化

以色素万寿菊叶片为外植体,探讨了不同的植物生长调节剂组合、AgNO3、凝胶剂及不同的继代培养基对叶片器官发生的影响。结果表明：6-BA 3.0 mg · L-1 + IAA 3.0 mg · L-1 + 蔗糖30.0 g · L-1 + 植物凝胶6.0 g · L-1的MS培养基适宜不定芽的分化,不定芽分化率达97.5%,将分化13 d的叶片外植体转接到组织培养瓶中,30 d后56.7%的不定芽可发育成高约5 cm的植株,再生植株在MS培养基上生根率为100%,移栽成活率达100%。     

菊花花瓣的组织培养技术研究

以紫色线状菊花花瓣为外植体,研究了不同培养基组成、外植体摆放方式、光照条件对其再生的影响.结果表明:菊花花瓣诱导适宜光照时间是12～16 h/d;花瓣花背向上比花背向下效果不定芽的诱导效果好,而在愈伤组织诱导时花背向下比花背向上效果好;MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L或2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L可作为外植体的愈伤组织诱导的培养基;MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L能直接从花瓣上诱导产生不定芽;MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.5 mg/L丛生芽诱导率高,且产生的丛生芽质量高;1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L为适宜的生根培养基.     

东北百里香组培再生体系的建立

 以中国特有地被植物东北百里香为试材,研究了植物生长调节剂组合对腋芽萌发和茎段、叶片外植体愈伤诱导和不定芽分化的影响。结果表明：百里香茎段腋芽可直接诱导萌发,在MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg · L-1培养基上萌发率最高,达74%,在MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg · L-1的培养基上增殖倍数为36.43。由茎段萌发的组培苗在1/2MS + IBA 0.5 mg · L-1的培养基中20 d后生根率100%,移栽成活率76.7%。继代培养中叶片外植体可以诱导出愈伤组织,但是不能进一步分化成苗。茎段愈伤诱导的最适培养基为MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + 2,4-D 1.0 mg · L-1,再分化培养基为MS + 6-BA（0.1 ~ 1.0）mg · L-1 + GA3（0.1 ~ 0.5）mg · L-1,分化率为33.3%。     

Panax notoginseng saponins suppress oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells

AIM To investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). METHODS The OGD/R was conducted to induce ischemia/reperfusion injury in SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of PNS on the viability (detected by CCK-8 assay) and membrane permeability [indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and propidium iodide (PI) staining positive cell proportion] of OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells were observed. The protein levels of gasdermin D (GSDMD), GSDMD N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N), caspase-1 and caspase-4, and the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in the cells were also determined. RESULTS After exposure to OGD/R, the viability of SH-SY5Y cells dramatically decreased (P<0.01), while the LDH leakage, the PI staining positive cell proportion, the protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and caspase-4, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased (P<0.01). However, PNS treatment enhanced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells inhibited by OGD/R (P<0.01), but reduced the leakage of LDH and the percentage of PI staining positive cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, PNS reversed the increases in the protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and caspase-4 and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Treatment with PNS alleviates OGD/R-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of SH-SY5Y cell pyroptosis induced by OGD/R.     

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on chondrocyte apoptosis and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in rabbits with osteoarthritis

AIM To explore the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on rabbit osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. METHODS The rabbits with knee osteoarthritis were prepared and then divided into model group, sodium hyaluronate (SH) group and PRP group, and another sham operation group was set up, with 6 rabbits in each group. The gross morphological changes of rabbit cartilage were observed. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathomorphological changes of the cartilage. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of chondrocytes. The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β （IL-1β） signaling pathway-related molecules was observed by immunohistochemical staining, and the protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Chondrocytes were isolated and processed according to grouping, and the NLRP3 and IL-1β levels of the cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with sham operation group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, chondrocyte apoptotic rate, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in SH group and PRP group were decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased significantly (P<0.05). In PRP group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were lower than those in SH group, while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was higher than that in SH group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of NL?RP3 and IL-1β in MCC950 (NLRP3 ihibitor) group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the expression of NLRP3 in eucalyptol (IL-1β inhibitor) group was not significantly changed (P>0.05), and the expression of IL-1β was significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma promotes the repair of cartilage in osteoarthritis rabbits, which has better effect than SH. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/IL-1β pathway and the reduction of chondrocyte apoptosis.     

Resveratrol protects cortical neurons in infant rats with bacterial meningitis through miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the protective effect of resveratrol (Res) on cortical neurons in rat bacterial meningitis (BM) model. METHODS Group B hemolytic Streptococcus was injected via the posterior cistern to establish a BM model. Resveratrol was administered intranasally and microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) antagomir was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissue. Loeffler scoring method was used to evaluate the neurobehavioral functions. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by Western blot. The expression level of miR-223-3p was detected by RT-qPCR. Online software TargetScan was used to search for the complementary nucleotide sequences between miR-223-3p and NLRP3 mRNA. RESULTS Compared with sham group, the thickness of meninges in BM model was increased, the neurological score was decreased (P<0.05), and the number of TUNEL positive neurons was increased significantly (P<0.05). Astrocytes and microglia were activated, the fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and IL-18 was increased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and miR-223-3p were increased (P<0.05). Compared with BM group, after treatment with resveratrol, the neurological score was increased (P<0.05), the number of TUNEL positive neurons was decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the inflammatory response of astrocytes and microglia was suppressed. The fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and IL-18 was decreased (P<0.05), the protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased (P<0.05), and the expression level of miR-223-3p was increased (P<0.05). A nucleotide sequence in the 3'-UTR of NLRP3 mRNA might be targeted by miR-223-3p. In the brain of rat BM model, compared with antagomir control group, the expression of NLRP3 was increased in miR-223-3p antagomir group with resveratrol treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Resveratrol may reduce the inflammatory death of cortical neurons in BM model of infant rats through miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway, thus playing a protective role for the neurons.     

Glyburide reduces PFOS-induced lung injury in young rats through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome

AIM: To explore the possible mechanism of NLR family Pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome involved in perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-induced lung injury in young rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight SD rats (21-day-old) were randomly divided into control (C) group, PFOS (P) group, glyburide (G) group and glyburide + PFOS (GP) group. PFOS exposure model and glyburide protection model were established. The lung specimens were collected for HE staining. The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung tissues, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. The concentration of PFOS in serum was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) in the lung tissues was determined by Wes-tern blot. RESULTS: HE staining of lung tissues showed that compared with the control rats, there were obvious inflammatory infiltration in trachea and alveolar interstitium of the rats in P group. Glyburide reduced the inflammatory responses significantly. ELISA results showed that the level of MPO in the lung tissues of the rats in P group was higher than those in other 3 groups (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the BALF of the rats in P group were significantly higher than those in control group and GP group (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC in P group were significantly higher than those in control group and GP group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the other 3 groups, the expression of NLRP3 in P group was significantly increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: PFOS exposure may lead to lung injury in rats by activating NLRP3 inflammasome and then triggering inflammation, releasing inflammatory factors such as IL-1β. Glyburide specifically inhibits the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, suppresses the inflammatory responses and reduces the toxicity of PFOS in lung.     

Activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in MRSA pneumonia secondary to influenza A virus infection in mice

AIM To evaluate the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） pneumonia secondary to influenza A virus （IAV） HIN1 in mice. METHODS Pneumonia model caused by intranasal inoculation with only MRSA for 24 h （MRSA group） and with MRSA for 24 h secondary to IAV H1N1 infection for 6 d in advance （H1N1+MRSA group）in C57BL/6 mice were established.The mRNA expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in lung tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the lung tissues were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-1β was measured by ELISA. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were examined. The correlation between rate of weight loss during infection and serum concentration of IL-1β was investigated. RESULTS In MRSA group, the mRNA levels and relative protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 showed no difference compared with control group （P>0.05）, while the mRNA expression of IL-1β and the serum concentration of IL-1β were significantly higher than those in control group （P<0.01）. In H1N1+MRSA group, the mRNA levels and relative protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were significantly higher than those in control group, as well as higher than those in MRSA group （P<0.01）, the mRNA level and serum concentration of IL-1β were significantly higher than those in control group but lower than those in MRSA group （P<0.01）. The pathological observation of the lung in MRSA group showed inflammatory responses, and severer pneumonia in H1N1+MRSA group was found. The rate of weight loss in the mice of MRSA group and H1N1+MRSA group was negatively correlated with the serum concentration of IL-1β. CONCLUSION IL-1β expression induced by MRSA infection is in a NLRP3 inflammasome independent manner. It also suggests that IAV H1N1 infection in advance down regulates the expression of IL-1β in secondary infection with MRSA, which may contribute to the mechanism of MRSA pneumonia secondary to IAV infection.     

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside attenuates renal inflammatory injury of mice induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia via inhibiting TXNIP and activating NLRP3 inflammasome

AIM To investigate the effectof flax lignan/secoisolariciresinol diglucoside （SDG） on the inflammatory damage of kidney induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH）. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were divided into normal （control） group, model （CIH） group and treatment （SDG） group. The changes of the body weight was recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological alterations in the renal tissues. The levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured by a biochemical analyzer. Hydroxylamine and thiobarbituric acid methods were used to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the renal tissues. The protein levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP） and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） were detected by immunohistochemical staining, while those of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. The protein levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the renal tissues were also determined by Western blot. RESULTS No significant difference in the body weight and kidney index among the 3 groups was observed （P>0.05）. HE staining showed the swollen epithelial cells of renal tubules with vesicular degeneration, and irregular glomerular morphological change in CIH group, while SDG treatment attenuated the above changes. Compared with control group, the levels of serum creatinine, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly increased in CIH group （P<0.05）. The significantly increased expression levels of NLRP3 and TXNIP in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells in CIH group were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Compared with control group, the activity of SOD was decreased, the content of MDA was increased in CIH group, and the protein expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were up-regulated and then decreased after SDG treatment （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION SDG attenuates the renal inflammatory damage of the mice induced by CIH, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.     

Effect of miR-133 targeting NLRP3 on inflammatory activation of mouse Kupffer cells

AIMTo explore the effect of microRNA-133 (miR-133) targeting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) on the inflammatory activation of Kupffer cells (KCs). METHODSThe KCs were isolated from mouse liver and identified. After successful identification, 1 mg/L lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce the KCs transfected with miR-133 inhibitor or miR-133 mimic. The mRNA expression levels of miR-133 and NLRP3 were detected by RT-qPCR. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cell culture medium were measured by ELISA. The protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 were determined by Western blot. TargetScan was used to find the binding site of miR-133 and 3'UTR of NLRP3 mRNA, and the target relationship was identified by dual-luciferase reporter detection kit. RESULTSThe volume of KCs at 72 h was larger than that at 24 h, with clear boundary and stable shape. The result of carbon ink experiment showed that a large number of black particles were observed in the cells, which proved that the cells had strong phagocytic capacity and were KCs. After the KCs was induced by LPS at 1 mg/L, the level of miR-133 was decreased, while the expression of NLRP3 at mRNA and protein levels, the caspase-1 protein in the cells, and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in cell culture medium were increased (P<0.05). After transfection with miR-133 inhibitor, the level of miR-133 in the cells was decreased, while the expression of NLRP3 at mRNA and protein levels, the caspase-1 protein in the cells, and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in cell culture medium were increased (P<0.05). After transfection with miR-133 mimic, the level of miR-133 in the cells was increased, while the expression of NLRP3 at mRNA and protein levels, the caspase-1 protein in the cells, and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in cell culture medium were decreased (P<0.05). TargetScan analysis showed that the 3'UTR of NLRP3 mRNA contained the conservative bases of miR-133 sequence. Relative activity of luciferase in the cells transfected with miR-133 mimic was decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION miR-133 attenuates inflammation of mouse KCs by targeting NLRP3, thus protecting the KCs.     

A study on the mechanism of doxorubicin promoting IL-1β and collagen type I secretion in cardiac fibroblasts

AIM To observe the effect of adriamycin/doxorubicin （DOX） on the production of inflammatory cytokines and collagen in cardiac fibroblasts and its mechanism. METHODS Neonatal SD rat cardiac fibroblasts were isolated, cultured, and identified by immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies against vimentin observed under a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the toxicity of DOX on cardiac fibroblasts, and flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect apoptosis. ELISA was used to detect the release of inflammatory factors in the supernatant of cultured cells. Immunofluorescence labeling assay was used to detected α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） expression and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mROS） in the cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome-related proteins in cardiac fibroblasts. RESULTS （1） Compared with the control group, DOX inhibited the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts （P<0.05）, but had no significant effect on apoptosis （P>0.05）. （2） Treatment with DOX promotes the release of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-6 in cardiac fibroblasts （P<0.05）. （3） The expression of α-SMA, collagen type I and transforming growth factor-β in DOX treatment group increased significantly compared with control group （P<0.05）. （4） Compared with the control group, the levels of mROS, cellular NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in cardiac fibroblasts increased significantly after DOX treatment. CONCLUSION Doxorubicin promotes cardiac fibroblasts to secrete IL-1β and collagen type I by promoting mROS production and activating NLRP3 inflammasome.     

Effect of Herba Taxilli extracts combined with miR-375 on viability and apoptosis of osteoarthritic chondrocytes

AIM To study the effects of extracts of Herba Taxilli (Sangjisheng, SJS) on the viability and apoptosis of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Human primary osteoarticular chondrocytes (RPOC) were divided into control group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) group, IL-1β+low-dose extracts of SJS (SJS-L) group, IL-1β+medium-dose extracts of SJS (SJS-M) group, IL-1β+high-dose extracts of SJS (SJS-H) group, IL-1β+anti-miR-NC group, IL-1β+anti-miR-375 group, IL-1β+SJS-H+miR-NC group, IL-1β+SJS-H+miR-375 group. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, miR-375 expression was detected by qPCR, and the protein levels of cyclin D1, P21, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the viability of RPOC at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and the protein expression levels of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the protein levels of P21, Bax and caspase-3, the apoptotic rate and the expression level of miR-375 were remarkably increased in IL-1β group(P<0.05). Compared with IL-1β group, the cell viability at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and the protein expression of cyclin D1 in the RPOC were greatly increased (P<0.05), while the expression of P21 was significantly decreased in IL-1β+SJS-M group and IL-1β+SJS-H group(P<0.05).The apoptotic rate, Bax, caspase-3 protein and miR-375 expression were obviously decreased (P<0.05), and Bcl-2 protein level was significantly increased in IL-1β+SJS-H group compared with IL-1β group(P<0.05). Compared with IL-1β+anti-miR-NC group, the expression of miR-375, the protein levels of P21, Bax, caspase-3 and the apoptotic rate in the RPOC of IL-1β+anti-miR-375 group were markedly decreased (P<0.05), while the cell viability at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and the protein levels of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Over-expression of miR-375 reversed the effects of extracts of SJS on the viability and apoptosis of RPOC with IL-1β stimulation. CONCLUSION The extracts of Herba Taxilli promotes the viability and inhibits apoptosis of RPOC treated with IL-1β, which is related to the regulation of miR-375 expression.     

Bortezomib attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response of human monocytes through regulating miR-223/NLRP3 signaling pathway

AIM To investigate the effects of bortezomib (BTZ) on microRNA-223 (miR-223)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response of human monocytes. METHODS Monocytes were isolated and purified from peripheral blood of rheumatodid arthritis (RA) patients. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in supernatants of the monocytes were determined by ELISA, and the optimal induction time of LPS and the optimal treatment concentration of BTZ were selected according to the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. The monocytes were divided into control group, LPS induced group and BTZ group. The level of miR-223 in the monocytes was measured by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) in the monocytes were determined by Western blot. RESULTS The monocytes successfully isolated and purified from the peripheral blood of RA patients were spherical, evenly distributed and regular in shape.And after LPS induction for 24 h, the cells were mostly spindle-shaped and aggregated. According to the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, the optimal induction time of LPS was 24 h, and the optimal concentration of BTZ was 50 nmol/L. Compared with control group, the levels of miR-223, SOCS1 and SHIP-1 in LPS induction group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS induction group, the levels of miR-223, SOCS1 and SHIP-1 in BTZ group were significantly increased (P< 0.05), and the levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were significantly lowered (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Bortezomib may block the activation of miR-223/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thus reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced human monocytes.