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1.
分区交替灌溉对黄冠梨生长结果和果实品质的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
10~11年生黄冠梨树2年分区交替灌溉的试验结果表明,分区交替灌溉较常规灌溉用水量减少40%,显著抑制了树体的营养生长量,对花朵坐果率、花芽形成量、单果重和产量无显著影响,果实干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量和果实硬度显著提高,果实的含酸量显著降低。  相似文献   

2.
《中国园艺文摘》2011,27(7):198-198
为优化番茄调亏灌溉条件,设计了轻度、中度和重度调亏灌溉处理(浇水量分别是正常灌水的75%、50%和N25%),研究不同调亏灌溉处理对番茄果实的含水量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、糖酸比和Vc等营养成分和风味组分的变化。结果表明,果实含水量随着调亏灌溉程度的加深而降低,重度和中度处理〈轻度处理〈对照;  相似文献   

3.
以温州蜜柑膨大期果实为材料,设置基质相对含水量为40%、30%和20%的3个胁迫处理,研究干旱对果实品质形成特点和柠檬酸调控相关转录因子表达模式变化;利用氘水(D2O)示踪法明确柑橘干旱复水后的水分吸收运输和分配规律。温州蜜柑果实膨大期干旱严重抑制果实外在品质的形成,干旱胁迫10 d后,果实横径、纵径、单果质量均显著下降,40 d时各处理横、纵径较对照减少18.33%~23.82%,单果质量降低45.17%~48.67%,各干旱处理间无显著差异。各处理干旱胁迫40 d时果实可溶性固形物显著增加47.7%~59.3%,果糖升高63.25%~78.77%,但蔗糖和葡萄糖增量不大,处理间糖组分差异不大。对照果实柠檬酸含量随生长发育逐渐递减,但干旱胁迫20 d后果实中柠檬酸含量显著上升,最高约为对照的2倍,苹果酸显著高于对照14.70%~33.82%,干旱处理间酸组分含量差异不大。干旱胁迫下,调控柠檬酸积累的转录因子基因CitPH3(WRKY)、CitPH4 (MYB)和CitAN1(bHLH)表达量显著上调。复水后,温州蜜柑根系在4~8 h迅速吸水,主茎和多年生茎内的D...  相似文献   

4.
以8年生黄冠梨为试材,在黄冠梨不同生长期采用调亏灌溉的灌水方法,研究了滴灌模式下轻度与重度调亏灌溉对黄冠梨叶片含水量及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:不同时期的调亏灌溉降低了梨树叶片叶绿素含量和叶片相对含水量,增加了叶片的自然饱和亏;复水后,在新梢速长期,轻度调亏处理的叶片叶绿素含量和叶片相对含水量和对照差异不显著;在新梢速长期和幼果期的重度调亏处理,其叶片叶绿素含量和叶片相对含水量和对照差异显著。在新梢速长期对黄冠梨采取调亏灌溉处理可以减少灌水量,同时对黄冠梨树的生长发育没有影响。  相似文献   

5.
以甜瓜为试材,采用盆栽方式,研究了日光温室内3种不同气温和空气相对湿度环境以及3种环境下不同补充灌溉量对厚皮甜瓜生理特性、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在相同灌溉条件下,日平均温度19~33℃,相对湿度69%~78.68%处理较日平均温度14~27℃、相对湿度60%~85%或16~30℃、65%~90%处理,单株产量提高,而植株叶片的叶绿素含量,果实的VC、可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物及水分利用效率降低;在14~27℃,60%~85%处理下果实可溶性蛋白质及可溶性固形物含量相对最高。在相同环境下,随着灌溉量的增加,甜瓜叶片的叶绿素含量、果实的VC、可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物含量及水分利用效率均逐渐降低。综合甜瓜产量与品质考虑,认为在日平均温度14~27℃,日平均空气相对湿度60%~85%的环境条件和补充蒸腾蒸发损耗量100%的灌溉量处理下,有利于甜瓜果实品质及产量的提高,可作为温室生产管理技术指标。  相似文献   

6.
本试验以夏黑和阳光玫瑰为试材,观测了赤霉素(GA_3)、吡效隆(CPPU)和链霉素(SM)处理对果实品质的影响。以8 mg/L GA_3+4 mg/L CPPU分别在花后1周、2周和3周处理夏黑果穗。结果表明,随着处理时间的推迟,膨大果实的效应减弱;各时期处理均提高果形指数,而对可溶性固形物、总酸和果实硬度无显著影响,但膨大效果的提高伴随着色泽的降低。阳光玫瑰在盛花前1周单独以200 mg/L SM处理的果实质量、单穗质量、果实硬度、果形质量指数、色泽参数与清水对照相比无显著差异,也未显示无核化效应;盛花后1 d处理20 mg/L GA_3+4 mg/L CPPU后,无核化显著增加,高达95%,单粒、单穗质量、果实硬度、果形指数有所提高;盛花前1周处理SM 200 mg/L+盛花后1 d处理20 mg/L GA_3+4 mg/L CPPU使阳光玫瑰无核率达100%,并有利提早成熟,提高可溶性固形物含量,但使单果质量、单穗质量降低,对色泽、总酸含量影响不显著;在盛花后1 d处理20 mg/L GA_3+4 mg/L CPPU结合盛花后14 d处理20 mg/L GA_3后,单穗质量和单果质量显著提高,果形指数和果实硬度增加,无核率为80%;在盛花前1周处理200 mg/L SM+盛花14 d处理20 mg/L GA_3单穗质量和单果质量与对照无显著差异,果实硬度显著提高,无核率为50%;在盛花前1周处理200 mg/L SM+盛花后1 d处理20 mg/L GA_3+4 mg/L CPPU+盛花14 d处理20 mg/L GA_3后,单穗质量、单果质量、果形指数提高,无核率为93.3%。以上结果表明,葡萄发育早期(花后2周内)是膨大果实的关键时期。盛花后1 d是GA_3+CPPU处理诱导无核化的关键时期,配合花前1周处理SM无核化效果更佳,但SM并不能单独诱导无核化;无核化处理后,花后2周内再做GA_3处理,才可显著膨大果实,同时明显提高果实硬度。无核化总体上有利于提高浆果可溶性固形物含量。  相似文献   

7.
套餐肥、控释肥在苹果上的施用效果研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以9年生M26矮化中间砧红富士苹果为试材,研究套餐肥、控释肥对红富士叶片大小、质量、光合速率、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明:施用套餐肥使叶片显著增大,叶色浓绿,叶面积、百叶鲜重、百叶干重分别较对照增加3.5%、5.2%、3.0%,产量提高幅度达10.9%,果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量增加,总酸含量降低;施用控释型肥增产5.5%,果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和总酸含量增加。  相似文献   

8.
为了探明弱光胁迫对葡萄叶片光合生理的影响,以4年生‘巨峰’葡萄为材料,在盛花后进行20 d 70%遮光作为弱光处理,然后恢复至未遮光植株(对照)水平,测定果实品质和叶片的光合参数、叶绿素荧光、叶绿素含量、叶片糖含量及组分、光合酶基因及蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因表达等。结果发现,弱光处理导致成熟期葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量降低,可滴定酸含量升高,果皮花色苷含量减少,果实纵径降低。随着弱光时间延长,叶片叶绿素b含量增加,叶绿素a/b值下降,光合速率和光化学效率降低,叶片中可溶性糖含量降低,Rubisco大、小亚基,PRKase,SPS1-2,SPS3等基因表达受到抑制;光照恢复至对照水平10 d后,光合速率、光化学效率及可溶性糖含量略有上升,光合酶基因表达得到部分恢复;恢复光照50 d后,叶绿素a/b、叶片可溶性糖含量、部分光合酶基因和SPS表达等基本与对照水平一致,仅Rubisco大亚基1(RbcL1)表达仍低于对照。说明长时间弱光处理对葡萄叶片光合中心的损伤短期内不可逆,部分光合酶和蔗糖代谢关键酶基因表达受到抑制,叶片光合能力下降,光合产物合成与积累减少,进而导致了葡萄果实变小,品质降低。  相似文献   

9.
不同灌溉阈值对‘巨峰’葡萄树体生长与果实品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】验证之前研究所确定的‘巨峰’葡萄果实发育不同时期开始灌溉的土壤水势阈值。【方法】以6 a生盆栽‘巨峰’葡萄自根植株为试验材料,设定在果实发育不同时期按照之前研究所确定的阈值进行灌溉(中度灌溉),并设置过度灌溉、胁迫灌溉和严重胁迫灌溉3个对照处理,比较各处理的新梢生长、果实生长、果实品质以及劳动力消耗等指标。【结果】中度灌溉处理的葡萄新梢生长适中,摘心次数较少,叶片净光合速率最高,果实生长最快,可滴定酸含量低(0.33%,ω,后同),可溶性固形物含量高(19.0%),糖酸比高(57.6),上色较好(花青素含量0.078 mg·g~(-1)),综合表现最佳。【结论】从发芽期到幼果期适宜开始灌溉的土壤水势阈值为-10.0 kPa,之后到转色期之前为-15.0 kPa,转色期到成熟期为-20.0 kPa,采收后为-10.0 kPa。  相似文献   

10.
硝酸钙和IAA对温州蜜柑果实钙含量及其品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在花期、花后1周、3周、采前2周对龟井蜜柑进行Ca(NO3)2、IAA和IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布处理,同时测定了不同发育时期各处理果实钙含量及其采后果实的主要品质,并与采后浸钙处理和完熟采收果实品质进行了对比分析,结果表明:1)各处理的果皮钙含量在花后51d和112d均有所提高,但此期整个果实钙含量并无显著性差异,采收时各处理整个果实和果肉钙含量均显著高于对照;2)采收时各处理果实的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸均显著低于对照,可溶性糖、单果重、果皮色差值和相对电导率与对照无显著性差异,各处理糖酸比显著高于对照;3)采后30d时IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布和采后浸钙处理果实的维生素C及完熟采收果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖均显著高于对照和其他处理。  相似文献   

11.
The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on tomato fruit growth and cell wall peroxidase activity in tomato exocarp were investigated in growth chamber conditions. The RDI treatment was 50% of water given to fully irrigated (FI) plants and the PRD treatment was 50% of water of FI plants applied to one half of the root system while the other half dried down, with irrigation shifted when soil water content of the dry side decreased 15–20%. RDI significantly reduced fruit diameter, though PRD reduced fresh weight while having no significant effect on fruit diameter. The activity of peroxidase was significantly higher in RDI and PRD treated plants compared to those of FI. Differences between RDI and PRD were expressed on temporal basis. In the fruits of RDI treated plants peroxidase activity began to increase in the phase when fruit growth started to decline with the peak of enzyme activity of 6.1 HRPEU g−1 FW reached in the phase of mature green fruits when fruit growth rate was minimal. Increase of peroxidase activity in PRD fruits coincided with the ripening phase and the peak of enzyme activity (5.3 HRPEU g−1 FW) was measured at the end of fruit ripening. These data potentially identified contrasting and different roles of tomato exocarp cell wall peroxidase in RDI and PRD treated plants. In RDI treated plants peroxidase may have a role in restricting fruit growth rate, although the increase in enzyme activity during ripening of PRD treated fruit pointed out that peroxidase may also control fruit maturation by inducing more rapid process.  相似文献   

12.
Summary

An experiment on Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) was performed during 1995 and 1996 in an orchard planted with drip-irrigated ‘Clementina de Nules’/Carrizo Citrange in Moncada (Valencia) Spain. Treatments consisted of a control, irrigated during the whole year at 125% ETlys and RDI treatments where irrigation was reduced to 25% or to 50% of crop evapotranspiration measured by a weighing lysimeter (ETlys) during one of the following periods: I) flowering and fruit set (spring); II) initial fruit enlargement phase (summer) and III) final fruit growth and maturation phases (end of summer-autumn). An additional treatment, denominated 50%-Year, was irrigated at 50% ETlys during the whole year. The effects of RDI treatments in relation to tree water status (pre-dawn Ψpd and midday Ψmd leaf water potential, as well as their integral with time) show a good relation between total shoot emergence in the different growth flushes and the stress intensity reached (Ψpd) (r2 = 0.80). This correlation was mainly due to the number of floral shoots (r2 = 0.86) and not to vegetative ones (r2 = 0.22). Similar results were observed between the stress integral at pre-dawn in each period and the former sprouting variables. In all cases, correlation was better with pre-dawn leaf water potential or with pre-dawn stress integral than with those at midday. RDI during spring reduced shoot length of the first growth flush (A1) and increased fruitlet fall after restarting normal irrigation. It also produced “off-season” flowering in the second flush growth (A2) and increased shoot emergence of the third flush growth (A3) with about 10% of them being floral. Summer RDI treatments did not alter vegetative growth, and although they produced off-season flowering (A3) it was much smaller than that of autumn RDI treatments, which in addition reduced vegetative growth with respect to the control. These effects, together with those of yield and fruit quality presented elsewhere, show that summer is the more appropriate period to apply RDI in “Clementina de Nules” mandarin trees.  相似文献   

13.
Summary

An experiment on Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) was performed during 1995 and 1996 in a ten year old, drip-irrigated `Clementina de Nules' mandarin orchard in Moncada, Spain. Treatments consisted of a control, where irrigation was applied without restriction during the whole year at 125% ETlys and RDI treatments where irrigation was reduced to 25% or to 50% of crop evapotranspiration measured by a weighing lysimeter (ETlys) during one of the following periods: I) flowering and fruit set (spring, 20 March to 3 July in 1995, and 1 April to 1 July in 1996); II) initial fruit enlargement phase (summer, 4 July to 7 August in 1995, and 2 to 28 July in 1996), and III) final fruit growth and maturation phases (end of summer–autumn, 8 August in 1995, and 29 July in 1996 to harvest). An additional treatment, denominated 50%–Year, was irrigated at 50% ETlys during the whole year. The effects of the treatments on yield and fruit quality in relation to tree water status (pre-dawn (ca) and midday (cmd) leaf water potential, and their time integral) show large differences in sensitivity to water stress according to phenological stage. The critical periods were the flowering and fruit set phases. The main treatment effects during each period were: In spring, a decline in ca and cmd with respect to the control of only 0.1 to 0.2 MPa reduced yield by 62% and 28%, respectively for the 25% and 50% levels, due to an increased ``June drop'' and consequent fewer fruit harvested per tree. Final fruit size and quality were similar to those of the control. In summer, RDI treatments allowed water savings between 7 and 14% without affecting yield or fruit quality, providing that a threshold value of ca–1.3 MPa is not surpassed. In autumn, for the 25% and 50% levels there was a 25 to 11% reduction of fruit size, respectively, with some external peel disorders (creasing) which reduced fruit quality, even at the lower water stress levels reached in the 50% treatment during this period (ca 20.64 MPa and 20.83 MPa in 1995 and 1996, respectively). In treatment 50%–Year, where water application was 44% of that in the control, minimum ca values were around 20.6 MPa and 20.8 MPa in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Tree growth was reduced in both seasons and average yield decreased by 17%. Yield loss was due to smaller, not fewer fruit. This treatment increased TSS and acids in the juice, without affecting the maturity index or creasing. However, in the current market situation, this irrigation strategy could be recommended only as a long-term one in cases of very high water prices.  相似文献   

14.
Summary

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) was evaluated on deep rooted, mature pistachio trees grown under high evaporative demand in the low rainfall southern San Joaquin Valley of California. The focus of this work was to assess the impact of deficit irrigation during various parts of the season with the goal of determining which period was most stress tolerant in terms of nut production. Pistachio nuts have a unique fruit growth pattern in which rapid kernel growth does not begin until about six weeks after full shell size has been attained. Our hypothesis was that irrigation could be reduced during this period with limited negative effects on production. The season was divided into three preharvest periods: leafout to full shell expansion (Stage 1), full shell expansion to the onset of rapid kernel growth (Stage 2), and rapid kernel growth to harvest (Stage 3). Water deprivation during Stage 1 applied 7.2% less water than the near-fully irrigated Control without any yield loss, based on mean values for the last “on” and “off” alternate bearing years of this study. Shell splitting (endocarp dehiscence) at harvest (a positive impact) was significantly higher (10.4% relative to the Control) but this was offset by a nut weight reduced by 9.4%. Stage 3 water deprivation (53% less applied water than the Control) significantly reduced nut size, shell splitting, mechanical nut removal by tree shaking, and yield, while increasing kernel blanking and abortion. Postharvest water deprivation (5.0% less applied water than the Control) had no significant negative effects on yield components. Six irrigation regimes that applied water at various rates were used to investigate Stage 2 behaviour. While there were no significant differences in yield components among these regimes, the best production occurred with deficit irrigation during Stage 2 at 50% of near-potential ETc during Stage 2 and 25% of near-potential ETc after harvest. This RDI regime saved about 180 mm of water (23.2% of the Control) and water use efficiency was significantly higher (4.69 versus 3.61 kg marketable fruit per mm water, for this RDI regime and the Control, respectively). We believe RDI during Stage 2 and postharvest is a viable irrigation strategy to save water while maintaining top yields of high quality pistachio nuts. Further work is needed to determine if the improved shell splitting harvest that occurred with Stage 1 stress can be exploited to improve grower profits.  相似文献   

15.
Effects of deficit irrigation (DI) on fruit maturity at harvest, ripening characteristics, and changes in fruit quality during and after storage of ‘Braeburn’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, irrigation treatments were a commercially irrigated control (CI), an early deficit irrigation (EDI) applied from 63 to 118 days after full bloom (DAFB), and a late deficit irrigation (LDI) applied from 118 DAFB to final harvest on 201 DAFB. Irrigation treatments in Experiment 2 were a commercially irrigated control (CI) and a whole-season deficit irrigation (WDI). These DI treatments all reduced volumetric soil water content. The LDI and WDI advanced fruit ripening but EDI did not. All DI treatments increased fruit total soluble solids (TSS) and firmness regardless of maturity but had little or no effect on titratable acidity. The differences in TSS started during fruit growth much earlier than the onset of ripening and were maintained during and following storage at 0°C. The differences in firmness also started during fruit growth and were maintained for at least 10 weeks of storage at 0°C.  相似文献   

16.
Summary

This study examined the hypothesis that enhancement of peach quality resulting from Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is caused primarily by changes in fruit physiology during development. Water deficit was applied during either stage II of fruit development (RDI-SII) or during stage II and postharvest (RDI-SII-PH), as compared with non-droughted (control) and postharvest (RDI-PH) treatments. Fruit from the various RDI treatments had significantly higher soluble solids concentrations and red colour at harvest than control fruit. While fruit respiration was not altered by any RDI treatment, ethylene production indicated sooner the onset of climacteric phase for fruit from RDI-SII and RDI-SII-PH than for control or RDI-PH fruit. Accordingly, greater ethylene production in detached fruit was related to their having experienced water stress during development. Ethylene production by RDI-PH fruit did not change, but their quality did in terms of increased soluble solids concentration and improved skin colour similar to the RDI-SII treatment. This observation suggests that water-stress related changes occurring during fruit development are not the only factors involved in enhancing quality in RDI fruit.  相似文献   

17.
This study was carried out to investigate the cause of stone cell formation in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh. Potted plants grown in a glass house were subjected to water stress conditions without irrigation for 30 days from 30 days before full bloom (BFB treatment), full bloom (FB treatment) and 30 days after full bloom (AFB treatment). Control plants were drip-irrigated daily maintaining a soil matrix potential around −40 ± 5 kPa. The formation of stone cells in pear flesh increased in the FB treatment and AFB treatment plants and this tendency was sustained until the harvest season. Root activity was investigated 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction potential, the formazan content and leaf water potential were investigated 30, 45, and 60 DAFB. Root activity decreased progressively due to the effect of water stress. Also, the Ca content in leaf and flesh was lower. The peroxidase activity was high in the flesh at the early stages of fruit growth and decreased at the late stages of fruit growth, and then a higher increase of peroxidase activity was observed in water-stressed fruit. The reduction in calcium content of leaf and fruit in plants under water stress may be related to the reduction of root activity and leaf water potential. The increase in peroxidase activity under water stress may be due to limited calcium absorption. Higher peroxidase activity may induce the accumulation of lignin in the cell wall and promote the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. We conclude that water stress condition during the early stages of fruit growth is one of several factors that determine the formation of stone cells in pear flesh.  相似文献   

18.
ABA和乙烯与甜樱桃果实成熟的关系   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
任杰  冷平 《园艺学报》2010,37(2):199-206
以‘红灯’甜樱桃为试材,分析了果实生长发育过程中内源脱落酸(ABA)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)含量的变化以及外源ABA和乙烯利处理对果实成熟进程的影响,探讨了ABA和乙烯与甜樱桃果实成熟的关系。结果表明:果皮和果柄中的ABA含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,在花后43d达到最大值。果肉中的ABA含量呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,在花后14d时含量较高,之后下降,花后25d开始又迅速上升,至花后36d出现一高峰,之后下降。种子中的ABA含量和果肉表现出相似的变化趋势,但ABA峰值的出现早于果肉。ACC含量在果实的整个发育过程中变化不大,并且一直处于很低的水平,最大值不足0.02nmol·g-1FW。外源ABA能促进内源ABA的合成和乙烯的释放,但对内源ACC的变化没有显著影响。乙烯利持续处理能促进乙烯的释放,提高内源ACC的水平。外源ABA能提高甜樱桃果实的成熟度和花青苷含量,促进果实软化。乙烯利处理对果实的硬度、花青苷含量和成熟度指数均没有显著影响。  相似文献   

19.
Regulated deficit irrigation in green bean and watermelon greenhouse crops   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mediterranean greenhouse growers of watermelon and green bean crops tend to reduce slightly the soil water availability during the flowering phase to enhance the fruit number and yield, but without measuring the soil or the plant water status. This deficit irrigation strategy (RDI) was studied on two representative growth cycles of green bean and one of watermelon. In each case, a well-watered crop acted as control.In the three well-watered vegetable crops, soil water matric potential (SMP) values were between −20 and −30 kPa throughout most of the respective growth cycles. These values avoid water deficits in Mediterranean greenhouse vegetable crops. The watermelon under RDI presented similar SMP to the well-watered crop, except during the flowering period when it reached values of −50 to −60 kPa, which are similar to, or slightly lower than, those recommended to prevent water deficits for cucurbitaceae crops. The autumn–winter and spring cycles of green bean under RDI presented progressively lower SMP values from the vegetative phase to the first fruit setting than the well-watered crops, reaching minimum SMP values of around −55 kPa for the autumn–winter cycle and of −75 kPa for the spring one. These minimum SMP values are similar for the autumn–winter cycle and lower for the spring cycle than those recommended to avoid water deficits in green bean crops grown in medium-fine textured soils. Overall, mild water deficits during flowering of watermelon and green bean crops grown in Mediterranean greenhouses did not improve the final fruit number or yield. In the two spring cycles (watermelon and green bean) the RDI strategy reduced the aboveground biomass and yield, whereas in the autumn–winter green bean cycle the RDI strategy reduced the vegetative biomass but did not affect yield. SMP threshold values can, however, be used by growers as a tool for controlling the equilibrium between the vegetative and reproductive growth of greenhouse soil-grown crops.  相似文献   

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