园林精准灌溉的系统设计及自动化控制探究

园林精准灌溉系统的自动控制是根据苗木和植物的生长特性、灌溉区面积和灌溉需求点高程等情况,设定供水管道输水压力、气象传感器、雨量传感器、自动反冲洗过滤器压力差值等参数,通过电磁阀控制器与中央计算机控制系统联动,实现灌溉过程的自动化控制,在满足苗木和植物健康生长的情况下,最大限度地降低水资源的浪费,达到节水节肥、减少环境污染的目的。     

日光温室远程监控智能控制灌溉系统设计与试验

针对当前国内日光温室灌溉设备节水化、自动化、智能化等功能的需求,设计了日光温室远程监控智能控制灌溉系统。系统采用基于组态软件的远程管理平台实现远程控制以及监测数据的浏览和记录;现场控制设备采用人机界面实现现场与远程控制的结合;采用土壤湿度传感器、大气温湿度传感器、电子远程水表、电磁阀等实现了信息的监测和灌溉行为的执行。结果表明:采用日光温室远程监控智能灌溉系统灌溉的试验区比采用传统方式灌溉的对比区产量提高4.9%,灌溉用水量减少20%,水资源利用效率提高31.2%。     

乌鲁木齐市红山公园园林绿地灌溉现状分析

针对乌鲁木齐市水资源供需矛盾突出,城市园林绿地水资源利用率不足0.5,节水潜力巨大的现实;以乌鲁木齐市红山公园为研究对象,在充分调查公园灌溉水源、灌水方法、灌溉制度等灌溉现状的基础上,指出公园园林绿地灌溉管理存在灌溉管网老化、灌溉系统配套设施不齐全、灌水技术相对单一、管理水平低等问题,建议公园积极开展园林绿地耗水规律研究、更新完善灌溉系统、适度利用中水灌溉、严格灌溉系统规划设计和施工、加强灌溉管理人员科技培训、积极引入和推广节水灌溉新技术,不断提高园林绿地的灌溉水利用效率。     

屋顶花园节水灌溉探索

针对屋顶人工堆土不接地气、妨碍植物生长的局限性,应用节水灌溉技术,开展屋顶花园节水灌溉的管网系统设计。从技术设计和经济管理2方面阐述了屋顶花园节水灌溉系统的布施方法。该系统采用plc电气控制原理结合电磁阀自动切换达到自动喷灌,可按时序分区分片轮流灌溉,节省人力物力,无人管理定时定点定量灌溉,美化景观,清新空气。喷灌系统方案可进一步推广。     

北京市农用机井计量装备与节水灌溉系统研发取得新进展

正由北京市水科学技术研究院、中国水利水电科学研究院、北京农业智能装备技术研究中心共同承担的北京市科技计划"农用机井计量装备与节水灌溉系统研发"课题,通过研发农业机井用水计量相关软硬件设备,有效推进了郊区农业用水管理的信息化水平。课题以北京市农用机井灌溉用水的总量控制、定额管理为根本出发点和落脚点,建立了水电折算关系动态更     

哈尔滨建设节水型园林绿地改进建议

分析了哈尔滨园林绿地用水的特点,针对当前存在的用水浪费和方法技术落后的现象,提出了应改善植物配置、科学设计水景、利用雨水资源和采用节水灌溉方式的改进建议,旨在为寒地建设节水型园林绿地提供指导。     

市政园林灌溉系统的设计与施工

市政园林的建设离不开水的灌溉,水赋予了园林生机勃勃的绿意,我国现阶段的很多灌溉设备均为国外进口,灌溉技术起步较晚,设备和技术方面存在诸多问题,发展尚未成熟。本文就市政园林灌溉系统的设计与施工做了重要论述。     

新方法灌溉节水过半

正美国佛罗里达大学食品与农业研究所的研究者发现了一种新的灌溉马铃薯的方法,相比于传统的灌溉体系,新方法的用水量减少了50%。对于这种年产值1.31亿美元的佛罗里达州作物来说,这是一个重要的发现。这种灌溉系统被称为"混合动力中心轴灌溉",使用这种方法,大约2/3浇灌马铃薯的用水从地面之上喷洒,与自然形成的雨滴相似,大约1/3的水从地下灌入,是一种传统的被称为"渗灌"的方法。佛罗里达大学食品和农业科学研究所助理教授刘国栋(音译)带领团队在位于佛罗里达州马蒂纳的马铃薯农     

智慧化园林灌溉综合管理系统的应用探讨

在城市品质提升及节约型园林的大背景下,面对日益高要求的公园管理工作,如何做好对日益匮乏物资的节约及高效非常重要。针对园林用水中最多的园林灌溉用水,通过分析传统型与智慧型灌溉的模式及特点,阐述智慧化园林灌溉综合管理系统的构成及应用。     

设施蔬菜节水灌溉技术

正蔬菜生产过程中灌溉是影响蔬菜品质、产量的重要因素之一。节约用水、科学用水是建立两型社会的要求,也是改变传统农业种植方式的需要。在设施蔬菜节水灌溉技术的应用过程中,常采用水肥一体化技术、膜下滴灌技术、微喷灌技术等。1设施蔬菜水肥一体化技术灌溉施肥是通过灌溉系统为植物提供营养物质,在低压灌溉条件下,将施肥与灌溉结合在一起的一项农业技术,又称为水肥一体化技术。通过低压管道系统与在棚内安装的施肥罐,将     

Seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in urban agriculture: Dominance of non-growing season losses in a Southern Swedish case study

Urban agriculture, as most agriculture, can potentially contribute to eutrophication via losses to ground and surface water. Few published studies have empirically measured nitrogen and phosphorus losses (including leaching) from urban agriculture, and even fewer have examined losses in real-world settings throughout the year. Here we investigated year-round (May 2020–2021) weekly nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from allotment gardens in Linköping, southern Sweden. We installed eight lysimeters (8 plots) and collected water 0.3 m below the soil surface in four gardens (2 plots per garden), each with their own gardening practices (organic fertilizers, irrigation, and crops). The gardens exhibited large nutrient leaching per area cultivated compared to observed nutrient leachate in rural agriculture in similar climates. There was a large variability among studied plots, where nitrogen leaching reached 39–191 kg ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ and phosphorus 0.9–2.4 kg ha⁻² y⁻¹. Importantly, the non-growing season, especially snowmelt, was a key period for leaching. Most of the nitrogen (78–91 %) and phosphorus (45–97 %) leaching occurred from November to April when the soil was bare, suggesting that mineralization of organic matter was important. Three of the gardens received high amounts of organic fertilizers, though no clear relation between inputs and leaching could be discerned. One plot deviated from the pattern, with less than 40 % of the nutrient leaching occurring in the non-growing season. This gardener had a fine net covering the plot to deter insects. This protected from precipitation as the water volume collected was the lowest, with only 26 % collected in the non-growing season, and nitrogen leaching was also the lowest. Our results illustrate that additional monitoring studies should occur year-round and in several gardens to account for high temporal and spatial heterogeneity and avoid under-estimating leaching losses from urban agriculture. Providing guidance on fertilization, irrigation, and soil covering may be a way to minimize leaching.     

Collectively planting garden vegetation for biodiversity: Are hard surfaced gardens and householder unwillingness a constraint?

Domestic gardens constitute important refuges for biodiversity. However, their typical small size mismatches with the larger scales at which species procure resources from urban areas. Consequently, they lack the capacity to enhance biodiversity at these scales. This could be addressed by aggregating garden resources (e.g. vegetation) and increasing garden connectivity. Specifically, this could involve neighbouring householders removing brick walls and fences that segregate gardens and collectively planting vegetation across garden boundaries. Nevertheless, insufficient research has explored 1) how hard surfacing gardens influences native/non-native vegetation presence, which could influence this action’s effectiveness 2) the number of householders willing to undertake such action 3) reasons for unwillingness and how this could be resolved. These research gaps were addressed using an online householder questionnaire distributed weekly to the UK ‘followers’ of four Facebook pages from January to December 2014. From a total of 276 respondents, 220 (84 %) had gardens with hard surface and this had a significant negative association with native vegetation presence. Only 7 (3%) presently collectively planted vegetation, but 152 (58 %) expressed future willingness. Desires to retain garden control and privacy predominantly underpinned unwillingness. In order to increase the effectiveness and prevalence of collectively planted vegetation, more stringent planning policy is required to restrict hard surfaced gardens. Moreover, desires for garden control and privacy need to be accommodated. This could be principally achieved by 1) communicating that little control would be lost as a result of this action 2) segregating gardens with hedges, which benefit biodiversity and simultaneously provide privacy.     

Hydrological behaviour of rain gardens and plant suitability: A study in the Veneto plain (north-eastern Italy) conditions

Since spring 2011 the roof of a building on the Agripolis Campus of the University of Padova (Italy) has been used as a drainage area for two rain gardens with a circular area of about 10% and 20% of the drainage area respectively. To improve soil infiltration, the topsoil was removed up to the depth of 1 m and filled with a mix of 50% sand, 25% compost and 25% of the existing topsoil. Herbaceous perennials were selected and planted to test their adaptability to different soil water conditions in the rain garden. To evaluate the capacity of each rain garden to manage stormwater runoff a simplified water balance was done, estimating actual evapotranspiration using the WUCOLS method. From autumn 2012 runoff volumes were collected just from one pitch of the roof, and directed only into the smaller rain garden that became equal to 15% of the new roof drainage area. We thus had the possibility to test the functionality of rain gardens with three different percentages of roof drainage area: 10, 15 and 20%, even if in different periods. Results are presented relating to a four-year experimental period. Regarding hydrological behaviour, the input water volumes caused a slight overflow only during a few rainfall events. Consequently, the results showed a high capacity to manage stormwater runoff and also in the smaller rain garden almost the total roof runoff volumes infiltrated into the soil. As regards plants, the results indicated that the growth is affected by their position in the rain garden, from the wettest condition in the centre to the driest at the perimeter, except for Hemerocallis hybrida that showed great adaptability in all positions. Aster novi-belgii, Echinacea purpurea, Iris pseudacorus, Molinia caerulea and Rudbeckia fulgida also showed good adaptation, even if not in all rain garden zones, with highly aesthetic results. Lythrum salicaria and Saponaria officinalis plants appeared to be unsuitable for rain gardens. The results of the experiment have shown that, in the Veneto plain environment, rain gardens with a size of 10–15% of the roof drainage area can ensure both the sustainable management of stormwater runoff and a high aesthetic functionality.     

西安地区农业观光园的规划设计研究

文章针对陕西西安地区资源条件的特点,提出西安地区农业观光园规划设计的指导思想和设计原则,即将农业、园林、旅游结合在一起,以形成独具陕西特色的农业观光园。     

浅谈生态节约型设计在德国园林中的应用

生态节约型设计越来越受到人们的追求,文章结合德国园林实际,说明了能源与自然资源的循环利用;最大限度地节约水资源;园林绿地生态效益与环境效益的最大发挥等生态节约型设计理念在德国园林中的应用情况,以期将这些理念运用到国内现有的园林建设中。     

冀中南设施农业示范园区存在的问题及发展对策

农业示范园区是设施农业发展过程中一种集约化的重要组织形式。在对石家庄地区109个设施生产示范园区实际调研的基础上，分析了设施农业园区发展的现状和存在问题，并提出了促进设施农业示范园区发展的相关措施与建议。     

中国古典园林景观设计中的灵芝意象

中国古典园林是在一定的物理空间范围内,运用各种装饰技术,使山水、风景、建筑有机组合。中国古典园林景观蕴含的美学思想广泛应用于现代园林景观设计中,是现代园林景观设计的思想源泉。园林造景离不开灵芝真菌资源的选择,灵芝真菌在园林构造中不仅具有外在的美学观赏作用,而且更体现出其深藏的中国古典文化意境及内涵,其中灵芝作为中国观念中重要的一种吉祥真菌,在我国古典园林景观设计中具有重要的一席之地。     

Barriers to community garden success: Demonstrating framework for expert consensus to inform policy and practice

Community gardens receive much attention for the benefits offered to participants and their communities. However, research has documented a variety of barriers and challenges that community gardeners and support organizations face in establishing and maintaining gardens. These issues may dilute service providers’ impact, by reducing their attention to the more pressing factors that result in garden failure. Additionally, access to resources to mitigate these challenges and barriers differ from region to region. This demonstrates a significant need to identify the most pervasive barriers, challenges and obstacles in order to refine the focus of support programs and provide concentrated efforts to better position community gardens for success. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the use of a framework to inform the development of policies and programs that stakeholders, including Extension, can adopt for overcoming the most frustrating impediments to success. It did so by using an underused but appropriately matched tool, the Delphi technique, which can easily be adopted by community garden stakeholders. Because the types of stakeholders are diverse and challenges are complex, the objectives were to determine whether consensus could be achieved and whether a core set of barriers exist. The group agreed upon four barriers, with the highest level of agreement centering on the challenge of time demand for community engagement.     

A garden network system for sustainable garden tourism in South Korea

Garden tourism has a significant influence on the global tourism trends. This study focuses on private gardens as a major source of garden tourism, with the following goals: 1) investigate problems associated with private garden registration system through interviews with private garden owners; 2) as an alternative to solve the problem associated with the private garden registration system, analyse international garden network cases and derive their implications; and 3) propose the application of a garden network system suitable for the South Korean situation for sustainable garden tourism. We used two methods: field survey and semi-structured interviews, and international case studies. Twelve private garden owners and managers in South Korea were investigated to identify specific challenges when opening to visitors. Garden networks in Europe and Japan were also evaluated to identify solutions to problems. Based on these cases, we propose a method for building a garden network by interconnecting and utilising existing systems, human resources, and organizations in South Korea.