不同施氮水平对‘台农16号’菠萝生长、果实品质和产量的影响

为提高氮肥利用效率,采用田间试验,以不施氮肥为对照,研究施氮量125、250、375、500 kg/hm~2尿素处理对‘台农16号’菠萝生长、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明:4个施氮处理均可促迚菠萝的生长,施375 kg/hm~2尿素可达到最佳效果;可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C含量均低于对照,其中可滴定酸、维生素C含量随施氮量的增加呈逐渐下降趋势,糖酸比均高于对照;产量随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,其中375 kg/hm~2尿素处理的产量达82.21t/hm~2,显著高于对照,增产幅度达36.77%。综上,建议‘台农16号’菠萝的最佳施氮量为375 kg/hm~2尿素。     

两种氮肥对黄瓜产量和品质以及氮效应的影响

以夏季露地黄瓜为试材,采用田间小区试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了2种氮肥(颗粒尿素和尿素硝铵液态肥)不同用量对黄瓜产量和品质、肥料利用效率以及土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明:2种氮肥配合施用时,2个用量水平下黄瓜均增产显著,比单施等量单一氮肥更能促进产量的形成。尿素硝铵液态肥能提高黄瓜品质。氮源相同时,225 kg·hm~(-2)施氮水平下氮肥利用率高于300 kg·hm~(-2)水平处理。黄瓜收获后,土壤pH略有下降,土壤有效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均有所提高。试验区露地种植黄瓜氮源以底肥150 kg·hm~(-2)尿素配合150 kg·hm~(-2)尿素硝铵液态氮肥作追肥效果最佳。该试验结果为黄瓜种植上氮肥配施用量及施用方法提供参考依据。     

潍县萝卜肉质根木质部与韧皮部叶绿素含量的相关分析

对不同来源的42份潍县萝卜肉质根进行叶绿素和可溶性固形物含量的测定,并分析各因素间的相关关系。结果表明：潍县萝卜肉质根木质部叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.873）,而韧皮部中两者却无相关性|韧皮部叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量都与木质部叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关,在无损检测时可以通过韧皮部的色素信息粗略估计肉色的深浅。韧皮部总叶绿素含量及叶绿素b含量与木质部可溶性固形物含量呈显著正相关,即皮色深绿的萝卜一般甜度较高。     

越冬栽培与冬贮‘潍县青’萝卜的品质比较

为供应早春市场,在山东地区比较了利用不加温日光温室冬季生产的与贮藏的‘潍县青’萝卜肉质根品质。结果表明:温室栽培萝卜的含水量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉酶活性显著高于贮藏的萝卜,且其根长大于30cm的‘潍县青’萝卜营养和风味品质较好;利用不加温日光温室冬季生产‘潍县青’萝卜供应早春市场是可行的,其皮色鲜绿、肉质脆嫩、适口性强,商品性较好,经济效益高。     

氮肥对番茄衰老调控及产量的影响

以大粉果番茄"西方519"为试材,系统研究了氮素水平对番茄叶片衰老及产量的影响,以探讨设施栽培条件下番茄高产适宜的施氮量。结果表明:番茄叶片中叶绿素含量和净光合速率、保护酶活性均随着氮素水平的增加而增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量则随着施氮量的增加而降低,当施氮量超过300kg·hm~(-2)时,上述指标变化不显著,表明合理施氮可以使番茄植株延缓衰老;增施氮肥可以显著提高番茄产量,当氮肥使用量在300kg·hm~(-2)时产量最高,氮肥用量为200kg·hm~(-2)时经济系数最高。     

不同氮肥形态和用量对胡萝卜硝酸盐含量的影响

本文研究了硝酸铵、碳酸氢铵和尿素三种氮肥在不同氮肥用量下对胡萝卜硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明:三种肥料对硝酸盐含量差异均显著,对硝酸盐的影响为硝酸铵>尿素>碳酸氢铵>CK;不同氮肥用量间硝酸盐含量也达极显著水平,总体趋势是30kg/667㎡>20kg/667㎡>10kg/667㎡>CK。     

不同施氮量对复合沙培番茄叶绿素含量及光合特性日变化的影响

以‘毛粉812’番茄为试材,采用复合沙培基质槽式栽培的方法,设置0 kg·hm~(-2)(N0,CK)、143 kg·hm~(-2)(N1)、285 kg·hm~(-2)(N2)、428 kg·hm~(-2)(N3)、571 kg·hm~(-2)(N4)共5个施氮水平,研究了不同施氮量对复合沙培番茄叶绿素含量及光合日变化的影响,以期为复合沙培番茄氮管理模式提供参考依据。结果表明:番茄叶绿素含量随着生育期的推进呈现先增加后降低的趋势,合理的施氮量对叶绿素含量的提高均起到了促进作用。叶绿素总含量在N3处理下取得最大值,为1.98 mg·g~(-1),且与对照存在显著性差异。在不同施氮量条件下,番茄叶片的净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,缺氮或高氮均会显著影响番茄的净光合速率,而适量的氮肥不仅能节约农业成本,也能提高植株的净光合速率,达到高产优质的目的。因此,推荐428 kg·hm~(-2)为复合沙培番茄种植施肥标准。     

加硅对叶用甘薯产量和品质的影响

采用小区试验,以海南常用的叶用甘薯品种‘湘菜薯1号’为材料,研究硅肥用量、硅肥与氮肥配合施用对甘薯生长、品质的影响。结果表明:不同供氮水平条件下加硅显著影响叶用甘薯的产量、还原型Vc含量、可溶性糖含量;高供氮条件下加硅显著降低氮含量,提高钙含量;供氮水平显著影响硅含量;硅375 kg/hm~2、尿素963 kg/hm~2处理的产量高、品质优。     

潍县青萝卜

潍县青萝卜又称潍县萝卜,是山东名特蔬菜之一,栽培历史悠久,因品质好而素有“水果萝卜”之称。特征特性潍县青萝卜分大缨、小缨、二大缨三个品系,其叶形、根形等基本相似。叶片均属花叶型,叶色深绿;肉质根均呈长圆柱形,地上部占全长的3／4,地下部占1／4,地下部为白色。三个品系植株大小、肉质报地上部皮色、根肉颜色等有较大差异。大缨生长势较强,收获时基生叶14－15片,叶较大,叶长50cm,宽18cm,叶片较厚,茸毛稀疏。肉质根长28－29cm,横径7－9cm,单极重Ikg左右,一般667mz产量5000kg。肉质根地上部皮色为绿色,有光泽,根…     

京郊保护地秋季番茄的氮素供应及利用

研究了氮素供应水平对保护地番茄产量、养分吸收和氮素利用的影响。结果表明,氮素供应量(N)为225kg·hm~(-2)时番茄的产量最高,但随着施氮量的增加,番茄产量反而有所下降。增施氮肥对番茄地上部N、P、K的吸收没有明显的影响。在京郊传统生产条件下,保护地番茄生产相对合适的氮素供应水平(播前根层起始土壤无机氮含量+化学氮素用量)为510 kg·hm~(-2),但如果考虑番茄生长期间土壤氮素的矿化作用,番茄生产的氮素供应水平应为584kg·hm~(-2)。     

不同无机肥对夏秋浅水芹生长情况和产量的影响

在基肥中使用有机肥相同的情况下,研究不同种类氮肥和不同磷、钾肥用量对夏秋浅水芹生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明,夏秋浅水芹生产的最优施肥配方为：每667 m2基肥施鸡粪500 kg、尿素19 kg、硫酸钾25 kg,追肥施尿素8 kg、硫酸钾7 kg;氮肥尿素优于碳酸氢铵,减少磷肥用量,对产量无影响,不施钾肥更能增产;追肥中需加入一定量的钾肥,满足水芹后期生长需求。     

不同氮肥对韭菜生长和品质的影响

用盆栽法研究了不同氮肥对韭菜生长、叶绿素总量、硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响。研究结果表明,完全使用铵态氮会抑制韭菜的生长,降低产量;随着硫酸铵的浓度增大,硝酸盐含量逐渐减少,但可溶性糖含量却呈先上升后下降的趋势;提高硝酸钙浓度,可明显提高维生素C含量和叶绿素的总量,但可溶性蛋白却下降;尿素可明显提高产量和可溶性蛋白的含量。综合比较,当硫酸铵、硝酸钙、尿素浓度分别为0.4%,0.6%,0.6%时,韭菜产量高且硝酸盐含量低,品质好。     

钾肥对大白菜和莴苣产量、重金属和硝酸盐含量的影响

采用田间小区试验研究了酸性土壤上两种钾肥不同用量对大白菜和莴苣产量、重金属和硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明：施用两种钾肥均明显提高了大白菜和莴苣的产量,分别增产9.0 %～20.0 %和8.7 %～52.0 %,增产作用最大的处理均为高钾处理〔30 kg?（667 m2）-1〕。中量硫酸钾配施泥炭（K2S+M）处理较单施硫酸钾处理使大白菜和莴苣显著增产,分别增产14.6 %和12.1 %。施用钾肥明显降低了大白菜硝酸盐含量,但对莴苣硝酸盐含量以提高作用为主,且随着钾肥施用量的增加呈递减趋势。施用钾肥显著降低了大白菜砷和铅含量,明显降低了莴苣铬含量,对其余重金属的作用不一致。中量硫酸钾配施泥炭处理明显降低了大白菜和莴苣的重金属含量（大白菜汞和莴苣镉除外）,提高了蔬菜的食用安全性。     

Influence of nitrogen form,growing season and sulfur fertilization on yield and the content of nitrate and vitamin C of broccoli

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) sources, sulfur (S) and growing seasons on yield and the content of nitrate and vitamin C of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. spp. Italica). Three N fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea) were side-dressed while two levels of sulfur (0.0 and 0.5%) were sprayed on broccoli plants grown in both spring and fall-winter seasons. Here, we report on the interaction between N-source and S supply, yield, and nitrate content and discuss the relevance of this interaction in relation to crop-management strategies under different growing seasons. In the fall-winter season, broccoli yield of “Sultan F1”, “Majestic F1” and “Marathon F1” were 21.23%, 128.52% and 88.53% higher than spring season. Furthermore, S application increased the yield by 9% average over growing seasons, cultivars and N-forms. Also, application of urea as N-source decreased the yield by approximately 13–15% than other N-sources. High curd nitrate accumulation was attributed with spring season and “Marathon F1”, however, less accumulation was found in fall-winter season and “Majestic F1”. Fertilizers containing N forms that not ready available to the crop, i.e. ammonium sulfate and urea, decreased nitrate than fast N-release fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), but their effect on the yield was different. Highest yield with low content of nitrate was achieved when ammonium sulfate combined with sulfur were used during fall-winter season, especially in cv. “Marathon F1”. N-source and sulfur application had no effect on vitamin C, conversely, it was affected by growing season and tested genotypes. Therefore, additions of ammonium sulfate and sulfur application in the field of broccoli were essential to produce higher yield with good quality curds that pose minimum health risk to human.     

不同施肥结构对番茄营养品质和硝酸盐含量的影响

研究了不同施肥结构对番茄营养品质和硝酸盐含量的影响。试验结果表明,8个处理中,有机肥 硫酸铵 过磷酸钙 硫酸钾处理的维生素C、可溶性糖含量,糖酸比最高;硝酸盐含量最低,为167mg/kg;硝酸还原酶活性最高。因此,有机肥 硫酸铵 过磷酸钙 硫酸钾处理是番茄栽培的最佳施肥结构。     

蚯蚓粪复合基质氮素添加量对番茄幼苗生长的影响

研究了蚯蚓粪复合基质中尿素添加量处理对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:蚯蚓粪复合基质处理的各项指标明显优于对照基质。蚯蚓粪复合基质中尿素添加量为0.5kg·m-3时苗前期幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数和苗中期幼苗株高、开展度、茎粗最大;尿素添加量为1.0kg·m-3时苗前期及中期幼苗的叶绿素和成苗期的茎粗、叶片数最大;尿素添加量为2.0kg·m-3时苗前期及中期幼苗叶片数和苗前期、成苗期的开展度以及成苗期的株高最大。苗中期尿素添加量为0.5kg·m-3时根长最长,尿素添加量为2.0kg·m-3时根表面积、根直径、根体积最大。可见在番茄育苗中蚯蚓粪复合基质完全可以替代传统基质,苗前期及中期尿素添加量以0.5kg·m-3效果好,添加高量尿素(2.0kg·m-3)在成苗期的促苗效果逐步显现,尿素添加量以0.5kg·m-3最有利于形成壮苗。     

不同施肥措施对蓝莓植株生长及果实品质的影响

对伯克利蓝莓生长的3个关键期即发芽前、初夏、秋季时,施用3种肥料即硫酸铵、磷酸二铵、氮磷钾复合肥,每株按3个不同的施肥总量即25g、50g、100g进行搭配施肥试验,研究对蓝莓植株生长与果实品质的影响。结果表明,以施用NPK复合肥每株50g,分春夏秋3次分施时,蓝莓的株高、冠幅、新梢长度等生长状况,单果重、单株产量,果实的可溶性固形物含量、有机酸含量、Vc含量等品质指标均最佳。     

Fennel swollen base yield and quality as affected by variety and source of nitrogen fertilizer

Two fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) varieties, Dolce and Azoricum, were field grown for swollen base (SB) production to select the most productive variety and the most suitable source of N fertilizers in fields supplemented with cattle manure, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate. Plants were then grown either with or without one of the synthetic N fertilizers, ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea applied at a rate of 170 kg N ha⁻¹.Plants of var. Dolce were heavier in fresh weight and produced swollen bases (SBs) of 25% higher marketability percentage, 143% yield increase and 50% more oil content as compared to Azoricum. The increased SB yield and quality in var. Dolce were due to its lower bolting tendency as compared to var. Azoricum. Among all measured parameters, bolting tendency and SB oil content proved to be variety-dependent since both parameters showed no responses to N fertilizer source.When N was applied as a synthetic source, SB yield and quality were markedly reduced with about a 36% increase in SB nitrate content as compared to the control. The lowest SB yield and quality were obtained when AN or urea was used. Although AS produced a comparable yield to that of the control, the physical quality of the harvested SBs was adversely affected. The major compound in SB essential oil, trans-anethole, increased only with AN source in var. Dolce but fluctuated in var. Azoricum. The second most common compound, para-anis-aldehyde in var. Dolce or limonene in var. Azoricum, however, was markedly reduced with the application of any synthetic N source.It is suggested, therefore, that var. Dolce is more recommended for SB production than var. Azoricum. Fertilizing with synthetic N sources during plant growth and development is not advised when the soil has already been supplemented with organic nitrogen as not only are SB yield, quality and flavor reduced but also its safety for human consumption.     

秋冬萝卜新品种秦萝1 号的选育

秦萝1 号是由两个自交不亲和系LS6-8 和LS32-12 配制而成的秋冬萝卜一代杂种，生长期76～80 d（天）；叶丛半直立，羽状裂叶；肉质根圆柱形，根长25～30 cm，横径7 cm，青绿色，外表光滑，肉色翠绿，肉质致密，收尾好，须根、歧根少；单根质量800～1 200 g，平均667 m2 产量5 300 kg 左右；对霜霉病、病毒病和黑腐病的抗性比对照青丰冬和豫萝卜1 号强。适宜在陕西、山西、宁夏、甘肃等地推广种植。