共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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【目的】探索甜樱桃新种质种内及种间杂交育种规律,提高南方甜樱桃杂交育种效率。【方法】以适宜浙江省种植的甜樱桃新种质为母本,以甜樱桃和中国樱桃为父本开展甜樱桃种内及种间杂交试验,调查坐果率、有胚率、胚败育率和F0果实品质等指标,进行杂交效率分析。【结果】授粉7 d后,供试母本的种内及种间坐果率都比较高,随果实发育,至授粉后28 d及成熟期都有不同程度较大幅度的下降。同母本种内杂交坐果率高于种间的。供试母本中‘朝阳一号’的种内、种间杂交坐果率均最高;坐果率最低的为‘长丰一号’的种间杂交组合。同一母本种内组合比种间组合有胚率高、败育率低。杂种胚成熟时败育率高,仅有4个组合可以得到未败育胚。杂交果未成熟胚败育率低这为胚培养提供了可能。供试母本‘朝阳一号’未成熟胚最好,坐果率高有胚率高败育率低‘;江南红’有胚率低,败育程度最高‘;长丰一号’及‘先锋’居中,母本优选‘朝阳一号’;供试父本未成熟胚中‘朝阳一号’和‘紫晶’较好。F0果实成熟期推迟,颜色及形状均表现出了母本果实开放授粉的色泽及形状;可溶性固形物种含量间杂交果低于种内的,均低于开放授粉的母本果实。为获得杂交后代,南方甜樱桃杂交育种可以采用3种方法:利用主产区的杂交后代在南方进行筛选;在南方杂交后进行胚挽救或者尝试混合花粉的开放授粉。【结论】甜樱桃种新种质种内及种间组合不同坐果率、杂种胚发育均存在较大差异。同一母本种内杂交坐果率高且败育率低。供试种质中‘朝阳一号’是较好的父母本。 相似文献
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枣树组织培养研究进展 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18
概述了枣树的茎尖、芽和茎段培养、花药培养、原生质体培养、胚乳培养、离体叶培养等方面的主要进展,并针对枣树组织培养中存在的主要问题提出了今后的研究方向。快繁是枣树组培最成功的方面,以茎尖、芽或茎段为外植体已经建立了十几个品种的快繁体系,而且,应用茎尖培养和热处理相结合的方法得到了脱除枣疯病病原-植原体的无毒苗。应深入研究花药培养、原生质体培养、叶片培养、胚乳培养及胚培养,并尽快应用于枣树的转基因育种和倍性育种。特别是幼胚培养的研究应该进一步加强,从而解决因优良品种胚败育难以获得杂种后代的问题,实现枣树的杂交育种和遗传图谱的构建。 相似文献
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磨盘柿杂种败育特性的研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
磨盘柿是我国优质涩柿栽培品种,为了有效利用这一育种资源,以3个日本甜柿品种西村早生、太秋、花御所为父本,对其杂种形成与败育状况进行了系统的调查研究。结果发现:(1)磨盘柿经人工授粉后可以形成种子,但形成的杂种数量会受到父本基因型的明显影响,完全甜柿花御所作父本形成种子数量极少;(2)磨盘柿杂种的异常比例极高,败育主要分为早期败育和晚期败育2种类型,早期败育表现为胚乳的早期退化,种脐处出现的异常突起引发了大量种子的晚期败育;(3)杂种败育和胚败育之间不存在明显同步性,可以借助胚挽救技术获得杂种幼苗。 相似文献
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Haiyan Ren Xuemei Du Dengke Li Ailing Zhao Yongkang Wang Xiaofang Xue 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(1):63-69
Hybrid breeding of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujube) is limited by embryo abortion. Improving the success of embryogenic progeny and immature embryo culture techniques could increase the breeding efficiency of new jujube varieties. We optimised the current immature embryo culture techniques by using immature embryos before the globular stage of Chinese jujube variety Lengbaiyu. The optimal growth media were as follows: for 30-day-old immature embryo growth, MS + IBA 0.8 mg·L?1 + ZT 0.5 mg·L?1 + GA3 7.0 mg·L?1 + NAA 0.2 mg·L?1 + LH 0.5 mg·L?1 + 5% sucrose, with 22.22% embryonic growth rate and 0.41% plantlet formation rate; and for young embryo differentiation, MS + TDZ (0.8 mg·L?1) + IAA (0.5 mg·L?1) + sucrose (3%), with 81.12% differentiation rate. Thus, regeneration via callus induction effectively improved the efficiency of embryo rescue from young immature embryos in Lengbaiyu, which might provide new approaches for breeding Chinese jujube. 相似文献
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Fenfen Yan Lihu Wang Xingjuan Zheng Zhi Luo 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(1):123-129
‘Chenguang’ is the first released tetraploid cultivar (2n = 4x = 48) of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) induced by colchicine. The purpose of this study was to create triploid germplasms by using ‘Chenguang’ as a parent. The controlled crosses between autotetraploid ‘Chenguang’ and diploid ‘Dongzao’ were carried out from 2013 to 2015 by maintaining the 2 parents in a nylon net and employing bees as pollinator. A total of 606 fruits were produced, yet only 17 seeds were obtained from ‘Dongzao’ and none from ‘Chenguang’. Direct sowing of the seeds in greenhouse showed a higher seedling rate than embryo culture. Four progeny plants were eventually obtained in the greenhouse and all of them were confirmed as authentic hybrids by SSR marker technique. At last, 3 triploids and 1 diploid were identified by flow cytometric analysis. Consequently, tetraploid ‘Chenguang’ with high pollen vitality and pollen number per anther could be used as a reliable 2n pollen provider, and the 2x × 4x cross combination type is more suitable for triploid creation in Chinese jujube. This is the first successful production of triploid hybrids by controlled cross between diploids and tetraploids in jujube. 相似文献
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毛百合×有斑百合种间杂种的育成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以毛百合(Lilium dauricum)为母本、有斑百合(L.concolor var.prlchellum)为父本进行常规杂交,通过胚培养成功获得了种间远缘杂交种,对种问杂交亲和性、胚培养和杂种的形态特征进行了调查研究.结果表明:毛百合×有斑百合蒴果膨大率达46.1%,种子有胚率为1.30%,胚培养萌发率为15.2%;4个杂交后代生长旺盛,株高表现出较明显的超亲现象,其他性状呈趋中趋势,杂种植株的花色更偏向橙色.4个杂交后代虽然在花色上与亲本有一定差异,但其它性状均具有双亲的特征,从形态上能证明是真杂种. 相似文献
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以甜樱桃为母本、中国樱桃为父本进行了种间远缘杂交,研究了静电场对远缘亲和性及杂种胚萌发生长的影响,并用流式细胞仪对杂种的真实性进行了鉴定。结果表明,1)用强度为333~434 kV.m-1的静电场处理花粉对提高樱桃远缘杂交坐果率、克服杂交不亲和性具有明显作用;2)用场强为333~474 kV.m-1的静电场处理后的花粉进行樱桃远缘杂交,在胚抢救过程中,其杂种胚的萌发生长率、生长状况及多丛芽诱导与增殖能力等均明显高于对照,表明适宜场强的静电场处理确实对杂种胚萌发生长以及多丛芽的诱导与增殖具有积极作用;3)研究发现,MS+6-BA 0.6 mg.L-1有利于减少胚芽梢继代增殖过程中的玻璃化现象,是樱桃远缘杂种胚多丛芽诱导与增殖的适宜培养基;4)通过流式细胞仪进行的倍性鉴定结果表明,所测杂种1号和杂种2号均是倍性为三倍体的真杂种。研究进一步优化了樱桃远缘杂交的胚抢救体系。 相似文献