滇西北悬钩子属植物资源的调查

 滇西北位于喜马拉雅山东坡的横断山区域的南部,是横断山区的中心部分,具有明显的立体气候特征。通过实地调查滇西北16个县和查阅大量标本及有关文献,结果表明,滇西北悬钩子属植物资源极为丰富,分布的种类有66种和20个变种,其中发现新分布种6种1变种,15种和6变种为云南特有种,其中10种和4变种为滇西北特有的分布种类。悬钩子属植物在滇西北广泛分布,从低海拔到高海拔均有分布,从总体水平看,草本类分布种类少,仅有6种2变种,分布高度2300 ~ 4200 m,木本类的分布种类有60种18变种,分布海拔740 ~ 4100 m。提出了10种具有育种潜力或直接利用价值的优良果树种质,为种质资源保存和进一步合理开发利用资源提供依据。     

云南枇杷属植物资源及其分布(英文)

通过野外调查,和查阅相关文献标本,对云南的枇杷属植物种类、地理及垂直分布情况有了基本的了解。调查结果表明:目前,云南野生枇杷属资源共有16个种、变种及变型。其中种为13个,占全国16个种中的81.25%;变种或变型3个,占全国5个变种或变型的60%。其中,椭圆枇杷在云南首次被发现。依据云南枇杷属植物本身的分布特点,并参照植被和自然条件状况,云南枇杷属植物大致可以分为4个分布区:Ⅰ滇南、滇西南小区;Ⅱ滇东南小区;Ⅲ滇中高原小区;Ⅳ滇西、滇西北横断山脉小区。通过对云南与它邻近地区和国家的野生枇杷属资源的比较,发现云南省的枇杷属植物种类最多。因此云南是我国枇杷属植物的现代分布中心和基因中心。     

六盘水市龙胆科植物资源及药用价值研究

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证,对六盘水市龙胆科植物的资源及药用价值进行了研究。结果表明:六盘水分布有龙胆科植物9属28种1变种,其中龙胆属(Gen-tiana)植物最多,有13种,其次是獐牙菜属(Swertia)植物,有7种1变种,并编制出分属检索表,对龙胆科药用价值与应用前景进行了分析。     

四川省山茶属植物资源及其园林应用

四川省山茶属植物目前至少有29种3变种。介绍了四川省山茶属植物资源的分布和在环境景观中的应用情况。     

螺髻山野生杜鹃属植物资源调查研究

以四川省螺髻山杜鹃属(Rhododendron L.)植物为试材，采用实地调查的方法，研究了野生杜鹃属植物的种质资源种类及分布情况，以期为更好的保护和开发利用野生杜鹃属植物资源提供参考依据。结果表明：1)螺髻山杜鹃属植物资源丰富。共有45个种，属于常绿杜鹃亚属、杜鹃亚属、糙叶杜鹃亚属和映山红亚属4亚属，以常绿杜鹃亚属和杜鹃亚属为主，其中丹巴杜鹃等11个种在该区域未曾报道。2)采集杜鹃属植物标本变异较大。螺髻山所采集杜鹃属植物标本有33种在质量性状和/或数量性状与模式标本存在差异，并对39个杜鹃属种进行形态特征补充。3)在螺髻山区域内杜鹃属植物于海拔1 600～3 980 m呈垂直和块状分布。螺髻山是野生杜鹃属植物资源保护及开发利用的宝库。     

苹果属种质资源抗腐烂病性状鉴定研究

在1983年接种方法研究的基础上，于1985－1987年采用人工田间砸伤接种法，对苹果属17个种的26个类型（种群），2个变种，3个品种和4个杂交种，共35份种质资源材料进行抗腐烂病的系统鉴定，经3年重复，鉴定出高抗级质资源的7份，一般抗2份，中抗2份，其它均为感病各级的资源，其中值得重视的是东北黄海棠种质材料在高,抗中品质量好，适宜作鲜食和加工的资源，又是抗病育种的宝贵抗源。     

四川攀西胡颓子属植物资源调查研究

2005～2011年在攀枝花市16个县市对胡颓子属植物资源进行了野外实地调查、采集标本、室内解剖观察、种类鉴定,并结合查阅标本室内的植物标本和相关资料进行了研究。结果表明:攀西地区有胡颓子属植物10种、1个亚种和1个变种,主要生长在海拔750～3 100m的范围内,广泛分布于攀枝花和凉山州各县、市。在野外调查的基础上,研究了攀西地区胡颓子属植物资源的种类、形态、生境、分布和综合利用价值,并为开发利用及保护提出了建议。     

沙棘属植物的研究进展

沙棘(H ippophae R ham noides L.)为胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae)植物,分布于欧亚大陆的温带、寒温带及亚热带高山区,我国的东北、华北、西北和西南等地区是沙棘属植物的主要分布区。四川大学张泽荣教授将我国沙棘属植物分为4个种5个变种[1]。由于沙棘属植物具有极强的生态适应性并     

中国瑞香属种质资源研究及开发利用

在总结中国瑞香属种质资源类型、分布及特点的基础上,对我国瑞香属植物资源的开发利用现状进行了综述。结果表明:我国瑞香属植物资源有46种、12变种、1变型和少量栽培品种,它们具有花色丰富、株型富于变化以及不少种类花芳香等特点;中国瑞香属植物的水平分布和垂直分布范围广、跨度大,但四川、云南、贵州以及甘肃一带是其现代分布中心;针对其种质资源研究与开发利用中存在的问题提出今后发展的方向与建议,为我国瑞香属植物资源的有效持续利用和物种多样性保护提供依据。     

苹果属种质资源抗腐烂病性状鉴定研究

在1983年接种方法研究的基础上,于1985—1987年采用人工田间砸伤接种法,对苹果属17个种的26个类型(种群)、2个变种、3个品种和4个杂交种,共35份种质资源材料进行抗腐烂病的系统鉴定,经3年重复,鉴定出高抗级种质资源7份,一般抗2份,中抗2份,其它均为感病各级的资源。其中值得重视的是东北黄海棠种质材料在高抗中品质最好,适宜作鲜食和加工的资源,又是抗病育种的宝贵抗源。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.