苦瓜嫁接育苗与栽培试验

分别以黑籽南瓜、棱丝瓜、肉丝瓜为砧木,以苦瓜春丽2号为接穗,研究不同嫁接砧木对苦瓜生长发育、嫁接成活率及产量的影响,以期筛选出春丽2号的最佳砧木。结果表明:以棱丝瓜为砧木嫁接时,苦瓜嫁接成活率、定植苗成活率和产量最高,生长较佳,因此长沙地区可大力推广应用棱丝瓜作为苦瓜春丽2号嫁接的最佳砧木。     

不同砧木和嫁接方式对嫁接苦瓜植株生长的影响

采用插接和劈接2种方式,分别以3个地方品种丝瓜1号、4号、5号作为砧木,与蓝山苦瓜进行嫁接试验。试验结果表明,3种砧木与苦瓜劈接后成活率均达90%以上;插接成活率低于劈接;嫁接明显促进了苦瓜植株的生长,株高、茎粗及生物质量均显著高于对照;嫁接后苦瓜增产明显,增产率达131.6%~258.5%,以丝瓜4号砧木嫁接后苦瓜产量最高。     

20%地菌灵不同浓度处理对苦瓜嫁接影响

在相同基质条件下,研究20%地菌灵的不同浓度对苦瓜嫁接砧木"银光"根系抗病性的影响。结果表明:处理3(20%地菌灵1 000倍液消毒)对苦瓜嫁接砧木"银光"感染基质病菌的防治效果最为显著。     

不同砧木数大苗嫁接苦瓜棚架栽培试验

苦瓜,俗称锦荔枝、癞葡萄,属葫芦科,是一种富含蛋白质、维生素等营养成分的瓜类蔬菜。其肉质柔脆,味甘带苦,风味独特。大苗嫁接苦瓜成活率高,抗病性强,产量高。为探索多株砧木嫁接1株苦瓜,棚架稀植栽培对苦瓜产量的影响,笔者进行了不同砧木数大苗嫁接苦瓜棚架栽培试验。现将试验结果报道如下：     

苦瓜嫁接砧木的筛选与应用

分别以黑籽南瓜、本地葫芦、本地水瓜为砧木,以翠竹苦瓜为接穗,研究砧木对嫁接苦瓜生长发育、抗病性、品质与产量的影响。试验结果表明,嫁接能大大提高苦瓜的抗病性、品质和产量,而不同砧木对苦瓜的嫁接效果有差异,尤以水瓜的嫁接效果明显。桂林地区可利用水瓜(丝瓜)作砧木嫁接苦瓜,解决当前苦瓜生产中的连作障碍、早衰以及耐涝性问题,值得大力推广应用。     

丝瓜砧嫁接苦瓜

以宜春肉丝瓜为砧木、“７８－２”杂交组合苦瓜为接穗,采用劈接法进行嫁接栽培试验,结果嫁接苗的亲和性较好,成活率达８１．５％,植株不易早衰,后期生长仍比较旺盛,通过嫁接能改进苦瓜的商品性状,提高根系抗根结线虫病能力。嫁接苗苦瓜比实生苗苦瓜增产３８．４％,主要是后期增产幅度较大。     

嫁接对苦瓜在水渍条件下的产量及某些生理特性的影响

以有棱丝瓜、无棱丝瓜、黑籽南瓜和瓠瓜作砧木,苦瓜作接穗进行嫁接栽培试验.有棱丝瓜作砧木插接法的嫁接成活率最高,达92.66%.有棱丝瓜和黑籽南瓜作砧木的苦瓜嫁接苗比自根苗提早进入开花结果期.水渍条件下两种砧木嫁接植株比自根苗植株分别增产36.5%和 33.7%,同时以有棱丝瓜作砧木的嫁接植株的叶绿素、氮、磷、钾含量和伤流量以及植株体内保护性酶(SOD、POD、CAT)的活性均大于自根苗植株和以黑籽南瓜作砧木的嫁接植株,而膜脂过氧化产物(MDA)的含量最低.     

绿秀苦瓜嫁接工厂化扩繁技术

正夏秋季绿秀嫁接苦瓜高产高效,受到东西湖区广大种植户的青睐,种植面积逐年上升。目前的绿秀苦瓜种子价格昂贵,嫁接一般以顶芽作接穗,砧木与接穗一对一,直接导致苦瓜嫁接苗价格高,一株绿秀苦瓜嫁接苗4~5元。笔者在实践中发现,采用苦瓜侧芽为接穗,不影响种苗的纯度和质量,同时取材方便,防病效果明显。现将此技术介     

苦瓜嫁接砧木比较试验

分别以黑籽丝瓜、黑籽南瓜、白籽丝瓜为砧木,与兴合苦瓜进行嫁接,研究比较了3种砧木对苦瓜嫁接亲和力、生长发育、果实商品性、产量及抗逆性的影响。试验结果表明,3种砧木与苦瓜接穗亲和力较强,均能达到95%及以上,其中以白籽丝瓜嫁接后,苦瓜生长势强、抗病及抗旱性好、商品性状最优、产量最高。综合比较,白籽丝瓜是苦瓜嫁接的理想砧木,适合在生产中推广应用。     

嫁接对苦瓜疫病抗性及产量品质的影响

以黑籽南瓜、黑皮冬瓜、瓠瓜和威龙1号（白籽南瓜）作砧木,研究了苦瓜嫁接成活率,以及嫁接对植株生长、疫病控制效果、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明：4种砧木与湘早优1号苦瓜接穗嫁接亲和,嫁接对植株叶绿素含量、果实产量和品质没有影响,对疫病有很好的控制效果。其中以威龙1号嫁接效果最好,成活率达98 %,疫病发病率仅为1.7 %,病情指数为3.4,产量比自根苗对照增加63.2 %。     

苦瓜嫁接技术的研究与推广

进行了不同丝瓜资源与碧秀苦瓜的嫁接亲和性试验.试验结果表明,不同丝瓜与苦瓜的亲和性是不同的;选育出一个苦瓜砧木新品种"强根苦瓜砧",其嫁接苗的产量比实生苗高33.6%;研究出的嫁接苗网式栽培技术,省工省钱,可进行示范推广.     

嫁接对苦瓜涝渍前后三种保护酶活性的影响

以碧秀苦瓜作为接穗,当地肉丝瓜作为砧木,采用劈接、插接和靠接3种方法进行嫁接.测定了嫁接与自根植株在遭受涝渍前后的过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性.结果表明:受涝渍后3种酶活性先升后降,幅度变化在嫁接植株中表现剧烈;涝渍前后嫁接植株的3种酶活性均高于自根植株,3种方法嫁接植株之间酶活性差别不大.     

四种嫁接方法对甜瓜嫁接苗生长的影响

以‘特选一号’甜瓜为接穗,‘银光’南瓜为砧木,采用了顶插接、改良插接、断根插接和断根贴接4种嫁接方法,研究了不同嫁接方法对甜瓜嫁接苗生长的影响,以期为甜瓜育苗提供指导。结果表明:甜瓜顶插接嫁接速率最快、嫁接工效最高,嫁接后在昼/夜温度为28℃/18℃条件下,改良插接的嫁接成活率最高,改良插接和断根贴接的愈合时间短。在一叶一心时期,改良插接和顶插接的嫁接苗有明显的生长优势,改良插接的嫁接苗根系生长最好;而到三叶一心时期,断根插接和断根贴接的甜瓜嫁接苗生长快,壮苗指数显著高于顶插接和改良插接,断根插接的嫁接苗叶面积最大。不同嫁接方法所需除萌蘖次数和时间也存在差异,断根插接除萌蘖次数最少,除萌蘖用时仅为顶插接的46.3%。     

甘蔗渣培养基栽培木耳过程中主要组分的降解和有关酶活的变化

实验以甘蔗渣加少量麦麸栽培毛木耳和光木耳,在栽培的不同阶段分析测定培养物的的主要化学组成成分和有关酶活性的变化。结果表明,两种木耳利用栽培底物的能力有明显差别;在栽培后期,毛木耳和光木耳分别消耗纤维素为74%和43%,半纤维素为78%和61%,木质素寿60%和35%。不过它们对这些底物的消耗又具有相似的阶段性变化的特点,即在子实体形成期的消耗速率都比菌丝生长期快。培养物的纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的活性也有阶段性变化特点。底物降解速率的变化与酶活水平的变化之间有一定对应关系,其中尤以毛木耳较明显。实验还分析培养物的过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化,简要地讨论了它们在栽培底物降解中的作用。     

Resveratrol reverses D-galactose-induced senescence in cardiomyocytes

AIM: To investigate the effect of resveratrol on aged cardiomyocytes induced by D-galactose and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Different concentrations of D-galactose (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 g/L) were added into the culture medium for different processing time (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) to induce cardiomyocyte senescence. Cell senescence was indentified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. FDG method was used to detect the quantity of β-galactosidase. The establishment of the cardiomyocyte aging model was determined according to the outcome of these detections. After that, different concentrations of resveratrol (2, 10, 50 and 250 μmol/L) were added into the culture medium, and the effect of resveratrol on the aged cardiomyocytes was observed according to the outcome of FDG detection. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the protein level of microtubule-related protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cells were measured. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of β-galactosidase-positive cells in aging group (10 g/L D-galactose exposure for 48 h) was apparently increased. In aging group, the quantity of β-galactosidase detected by FDG was markedly increased, and the activity of SOD was down-regulated while the content of MDA in the cells was increased. The protein level of LC3 II/LC3 I was down-regulated. No significant change of the cell viability between the 2 groups was observed. Compared with aging group, the quantity of β-galactosidase in resveratrol treatment group (at the concentrations of 10 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L) was decreased. Resveratrol also up-regulated the activity of SOD and decreased the content of MDA in the cells. The protein level of LC3 II/LC3 I was up-regulated by resveratrol. CONCLUSION: Activation of oxidative stress and down-regulation of autophagy exist in D-galactose-induced aged cardiomyocytes. Resveratrol attenuates D-galactose-induced senescence in cardiomyocytes.     

Fractal characteristics of two-dimensional images of ‘Fuji’ apple trees trained to two tree configurations after their winter pruning

The structural diagrams of apple trees are the comprehensive reflection of the effects of their training and pruning as well as their physiological and ecological characteristics and yield. However, there have been few research reports on the characteristics of the structural diagrams of apple trees. The study investigated the fractal dimension numbers and fractal characteristics of the two-dimensional images of 5-year-old and 10-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees trained to the tall spindle configuration and the open-center configuration employing box-counting in combination with the image processing technology of the Photoshop. The two-dimensional images of apple trees with the different configurations differed and varied with their ages. The fractal dimension numbers of the two-dimensional images of the 10-year-old apple trees with the tall spindle configuration and with the open-center configuration were 1.6625 and 1.6531 respectively while the fractal dimension numbers of the two-dimensional images of the 5-year-old apple trees with the tall spindle configuration and with the open-center configuration were 1.6429 and 1.6377 respectively. As the age of the apple trees increased, the spatial quantities and distributions of trunks and branches got slightly intensified, and the fractal dimension numbers of their two-dimensional images and the apple yield increased correspondingly. The comparison of the fractal characteristics of the apple trees with the same age, which were trained to the different configurations, revealed that under the same age, the branch quantities and the apple yield of the apple trees with the tall spindle configuration were higher than those with the open-center configuration, so that under the same age the fractal dimension numbers with the tall spindle configuration were higher than those with the open-center configuration. These results showed that the fractal dimension number of the two-dimensional images of apple trees depended upon their trunk and bough distribution and at the same time it increased with their apple yield as well. Therefore, the fractal dimension numbers of the two-dimensional images of apple trees could be employed as an indicator for assessing training and pruning effects on apple trees and their fruit yield.     

Urban greenery as a habitat for parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae)

Vegetation in green areas such as parks, gardens and allotment gardens provides suitable conditions for the development of parasitic insects, which can effectively reduce the population of plant pests feeding in this environment.The aim of the study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative structure of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) inhabiting urban green areas and to determine the influence of anthropogenic pressure on the structures of these communities.The study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 at five sites in urban green areas in Poznań, which were exposed to low, medium or high anthropogenic pressure.In total 3096 samples were collected and 659 Pimplinae insects belonging to 51 species were caught. The largest population and the highest species diversity of the Pimplinae was noted at the Serbska (S) site, which was exposed to medium anthropogenic pressure. The smallest population and the lowest species diversity were observed at the Zoological Garden (ZG) site, which was exposed to heavy anthropogenic pressure.The research showed that the qualitative and quantitative structure of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily depended on the degree of greenness in a particular area, its abundance in plant species, and the air pollution level.The research showed that the degree of anthropogenic pressure determined the similarity of the qualitative and quantitative structure of Pimplinae communities inhabiting urban green areas.The research showed that the species richness and the number of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily in urban green areas were positively related with a well-developed and species-diverse plant cover with an abundance of shrub plants.Therefore, a floristically diverse urban environment may increase the species abundance of parasitoids of the Ichneumonidae family, including the Pimplinae subfamily, which may effectively regulate the number of pests feeding on plants in this environment.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

抚育间伐对冀北山地蒙古栎林分结构的影响

为了解抚育间伐对蒙古栎林结构特征的影响,以塞罕坝机械林场的蒙古栎林为研究对象,研究了抚育间伐对林分的直径分布、树高分布以及空间分布格局的影响。研究结果表明,抚育间伐前后林木直径和树高分布均服从于Weibull分布,间伐后小径级林木所占比例明显减小,中大径级比例明显增加;抚育间伐前后,蒙古栎林在多数尺度上都表现为集群分布,但抚育间伐后其聚集程度明显下降;取样大小对蒙古栎的空间分布格局具有明显影响,随取样面积的增大,蒙古栎林的聚集程度逐渐下降,逐渐向随机分布转化。综上,抚育间伐使蒙古栎林的林分状况得到了明显改善,结构趋于合理。     

The expression of adrenomedullin mRNA in the right ventricle in chronic hypoxic rats

AIM: To study the role of adrenomedullin(AM) in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 14 days. After the measurement of the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the rats were executed. The weight of the right ventricle (RV), the left ventricle(LV) and the ventricular septum(SP) were determined. The ration RV/(LV+SP) was used to express the thickness of RV. In situ hybridization was used for the detection of the expression of AM mRNA in the lung and RV. RESULTS: The RVSP in the hypoxic group was (63.63±3.42) mmHg,which was significantly higher than that in control group [(34.13±3.40) mmHg]. The RV/(LV+SP) in hypoxic group was 0.439±0.039,which was increased obviously when compared with that of control (0.230±0.025). The level of AM mRNA expressed in the RV in the hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The expression of AM mRNA in RV increased in the hypoxic condition, which suggests that AM may attenuate the inappropriate increase in pulmonary artery pressure.