西瓜中番茄红素的研究进展

综述了番茄红素的生理功能,分析了影响西瓜中番茄红素含量因素和提取方法,阐述了存在的问题和对市场前景的展望,为开发利用西瓜果实中番茄红素提供理论基础和实践依据.     

小家庭如何加工葡萄酒

红葡萄酒是人们喜欢的优良饮品,长期饮用,可以起到美容的作用.我国民间自酿,已有3000多年的历史,家庭自酿是完全可以轻松做到的,自己制作的纯葡萄原汁,价格便宜,无任何有害的添加剂,真正是放心的绿色饮品,自饮之余,还可以馈赠亲朋,同时,还能体会到自己酿酒的快乐.每年的9、10月份,是我国葡萄产区大面积采摘的季节,也是自制红葡萄酒的最佳时机.     

棚膜滴水简易消除办法

冬季来临,大棚陆续覆盖棚膜,由于大棚内外温差较大,棚膜内侧常有一层水珠,这层水珠使棚膜的透光率下降20%～30%,且大量吸附棚内热量,影响大棚内温度提升.更为严重的是水滴溅落在苗上,常常会引发多种病害.由于目前市售无滴膜价格偏高,多数菜农、花农仍习惯使用普通薄膜,如何让普通膜消除滴水,笔者现介绍一种方法:将黄豆晒干磨成细粉,越细越好,每50kg水加入细大豆粉2.5～3kg,浸泡2小时,用两层细纱布滤去渣滓,然后将滤液装入喷雾器.     

遂川金桔标准化生产栽培技术

<正>遂川金桔又名遂川金柑,是从金弹(本地金柑)中选育出的一个优良地方品种,有近千年栽种历史,品质优良,抗病性强,丰产,无大小年。目前,我县已发展金桔近6000hm2,集中栽种在遂川中西部的9个乡镇,产量、规模位于浙江、湖南、广西等三个金桔产区之首。根据笔者多年观察和试     

大果优质杨梅新品种——洞庭细蒂

1选育经过洞庭细蒂杨梅新品种的选育工作始于1995年春末夏初,在苏州市吴县(今吴中区)太湖东洞庭山东山镇绿化村、星光村,西洞庭山金庭镇的明湾村、石丰村,对近万株大叶细蒂、小叶细蒂、乌梅树进行实地看果,访问果农,观察树体并在成熟前10天左右进行比较,对其中19株果形较大、着     

北京地区春娃娃菜优质栽培技术

娃娃菜因个体小,生长期短,质地脆嫩,风味独特,深受生产者和消费者的喜爱.虽然娃娃菜在我国推广才5年左右时间,但近2年呈现快速发展趋势,产地已由云南扩展到全国各地,市场上的品种也由1～2个发展到10多个.近年来,笔者对娃娃菜的品种及栽培方式、密度和播期进行了试验和比较,总结出适宜北京地区的春播娃娃菜栽培技术.     

我国常见自然灾害的预警等级划分与应对措施

我国是世界上主要的"气候脆弱区"之一,自然灾害频发、分布广、损失大,是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一。据统计,我国每年因各种天气气候灾害使农田受灾面积达3400万     

我国果树生产的现状及发展趋势

果品是人们生活的必需品,它含有人体所需的糖、有机酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、维生素等多种营养成分.营养学家认为,保证人的健康发育,一人一年要食用35 kg～40 kg(公斤)果品.在一些发达国家如意大利、西德、美国、英国、法国、瑞典、丹麦,人均年消费果品55 kg～110 kg(公斤).     

保护地番茄灰霉病及其综合防治

灰霉病是近年来保护地番茄生产的主要病害,它主要危害果实,对生产造成的损失较大,严重时可导致绝产. 1症状该病可为害花、果实、叶片及茎.果实染病青果受害重,多从果顶萼片部发病,后向果面发展,致果皮呈灰白色,水浸状软腐,病部密生灰褐色霉层,病果初期不脱落,后期大量落果;叶片染病先从叶尖开始,病斑呈"V"字形向内扩展,初水浸状、浅褐色、边缘不规则、具深浅相间轮纹,后干枯,表面生有灰霉致叶片枯死;茎染病,开始亦呈水浸状小点,后扩展为长椭圆形或长条形斑,湿度大时生有灰色霉层,严重时引起病部以上死亡.     

杏树大棚温室栽培技术

1棚栽杏树的果园建立1.1品种选择选择成熟早、品质好、自花授粉能力强的品种,如凯特杏、红荷包、玛瑙杏等品种。1.2棚址选择选择背风向阳,排灌便利,地势高燥,地力肥沃的沙壤土建园。每棚施腐     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

文心兰RFNR的克隆、亚细胞定位及其与LFNR不同的胁迫响应机制研究

以‘小樱桃’文心兰为材料克隆了铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶（FNR）两种类型基因RFNR（Root-type Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase）和LFNR（Leaf-type Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase）。生物信息学分析表明,RFNR与LFNR都属于FNR-like超家族,具有黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（flavin adenine dinucleotide,FAD）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD）功能结合域,在进化过程中比较保守;两种类型的FNR在氨基酸组成、蛋白结构和构型方面存在明显差异,RFNR比LFNR有更强的保守性。FNR蛋白亚细胞定位结果表明文心兰FNR蛋白都定位于叶绿体。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,LFNR和RFNR具有器官表达特异性：LFNR更多地在叶中表达,RFNR更多地在根中表达;在软腐病胁迫下LFNR下调响应,RFNR上调响应;两种类型的FNR在盐胁迫以及高温胁迫处理时上调响应,但RFNR响应较快且强度更大;LFNR和RFNR在水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）处理时轻微波动,茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）处理时呈现单峰反应。文心兰两种类型的FNR基因在不同类型的胁迫中显示相似的和有区别的表达特性,表明其具有不同的胁迫响应分子机理。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

Levels of CGRP and ET-1 in plasma of pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta and in the extractives of lung and ventricular tissues of the chronic hypoxic rats

AIM AND METHODS: To explore the effects calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin-1(ET-1) on the mechanisms of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), the contents of CGRP and ET-1 in plasma of pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta and in extractives of lung and ventricular tissues of the chronic hypoxic rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. The changes of their hemodynamic indices and right heart hypertrophy index were monitored simultaneously. RESULTS: The level of pulmonary artery plasma CGRP was significantly higher than that of thoracic aorta plasma, but just the reverse was ET-1 or the ratio of ET-1 and CGRP in control rats( P<0.01). Compared with controls, the level of pulmonary artery plasma CGRP was gradually reduced in all hypoxic rats, but ET-1 was enhanced after 7 and 14 days of hypoxia and was decreased after 21 days of hypoxia. With prolonging time exposed to hypoxia, the level of thoracic aorta plasma CGRP was markedly increased in hypoxic animals compared with controls ( P<0.05), the positive correlation significantly with increased pulmonary arterial pressure( r = -0.896, P =0.05), but the lower level of thoracic aorta plasma ET-1 showed or negative correlation with pulmonary arterial pressure. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the unbalance of effects of CGRP and ET may plays an important role in regulating the resistance of pulmonary circulation and has close relation with the formation of HPH.     

嫁接对薄皮甜瓜果实生长发育及糖分含量影响的研究

在日光温室中选用“玉美人(Cucumis meloL.)”薄皮甜瓜为接穗,“世纪星”白籽南瓜为砧木,进行嫁接栽培,以自根植株为对照,研究嫁接对薄皮甜瓜果实生长发育及糖分积累的影响。结果表明:嫁接能够促进薄皮甜瓜果实的生长发育,加快了果实的膨大速度,促进了果实中干物质的积累和平均单瓜重增加。但嫁接果实的果肉厚度略低于自根果实,降低了成熟果实中可溶性固形物的含量、葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量,对果糖的影响不大;从总体水平上,嫁接降低了薄皮甜瓜果实中总糖的含量,且在果实成熟期嫁接果实中淀粉含量高于自根果实。     

‘中油桃9号’及其黄肉突变体花和叶片中类胡萝卜素代谢及相关基因的时空表达

以‘中油桃9号’及其黄肉芽变的花和叶片为试材,采用HPLC法对类胡萝卜素的积累水平进行定性和定量分析,实时荧光定量PCR法对类胡萝卜素代谢关键基因的表达水平进行分析。结果表明:在花萼中,黄肉突变体的总类胡萝卜素水平为‘中油桃9号’的5.7倍,其中的β–胡萝卜素为‘中油桃9号’的19.6倍;除DXS和LCY-E外,突变体花萼中无论是合成类胡萝卜素的基因,还是降解类胡萝卜素基因的表达水平均显著高于‘中油桃9号’。在花瓣中,两个材料的类胡萝卜素总量无显著差异,但各类胡萝卜素成分含量存在显著差异;突变体DXS、HDR、PDS、LCY-E、CHY-B和CCD1的表达量显著高于‘中油桃9号’,ZDS、NCED1和CCD4的表达量显著低于‘中油桃9号’。在叶片中,‘中油桃9号’和黄肉突变体均以β–胡萝卜素、紫黄质、9–顺式–紫黄质和叶黄质为主,幼果期时两个材料的类胡萝卜素总量无显著差异,果实成熟后突变体的类胡萝卜素总量呈上升趋势,显著高于‘中油桃9号’;自花后55～80 d,仅CCD4的表达模式与类胡萝卜素的积累一致,因而认为CCD4的表达差异是两个材料后期叶片类胡萝卜素含量差异的主要原因。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

大岩桐花萼和幼叶转录组研究

利用新一代高通量测序技术平台Illumina Solexa GAⅡx对大岩桐花萼和幼叶进行转录组测序和数据从头组装及生物信息学分析,获得了长度大于100 bp的转录物22 821条;转录本总长度28.63 Mb,N50长度1 548 bp,序列平均长度953 bp。转录物注释结果显示,15 053条有同源比对信息;7 768 条无匹配序列信息,可能为大岩桐特有的基因序列。通过对花萼、幼叶中与激素代谢、信号转导相关的差异KEGG通路比较,推断在花萼中促进生长激素合成基因的表达比幼叶中强,激素信号转导组分基因的表达也比幼叶中强。