大蒜内芽生长特点与最佳冷藏入库期的研究

以河南广泛栽培的宋城大蒜为试材,研究了常温贮藏大蒜和不同入库期大蒜在冷藏条件下内芽生长的特点,结果表明:宋城大蒜通过休眠期的时间约在8月上中旬,即收获后的70-75d;通过休眠后,在常温下大蒜内芽开始缓慢生长,8月底大蒜内芽生长速度迅速加快,9月1日内芽平均长度为1.81cm,是7月1日(0.65cm)的2.74倍,芽瓣比已达58.77%,超过瓣长的1/2,大蒜最佳冷藏入库期为7月底至8月初。按照某些大蒜进口国要求进口大蒜内芽长度不能超过瓣长1/3的标准,8月中旬以后,在河南宋城大蒜已失去为出口而进行低温冷藏的价值。     

保鲜技术在出口大蒜中的应用

大蒜是我国农产品出口最主要的品种之一,年出口约30万t。其中,冷藏(保鲜)蒜占总出口量的60%左右。因此,保鲜技术是否成熟,对出口保鲜大蒜的质量有直接的影响。一、大蒜的保鲜原理大蒜蒜头在鳞瓣发育成熟后,随即进入1～2个月的休眠期,休眠期内即使在适宜的温度、湿度和气体成份等环境条件下,也不会发芽。休眠期过后,芽鞘和芽原基便开始生长活动,在条件适宜的情况下幼芽逐渐萌发。大蒜的贮藏保鲜实际上就是蒜头休眠期过后,采取必要手段造成其生长条件不适宜从而强制其继续休眠。即通过适当的低温、低氧等措施,抑制其生命活动强度,减少其物质消…     

一定起始浓度的铅溶液对大蒜生长的影响

本试验依据芽高和鲜重指标,研究了一定起始浓度铅溶液对大蒜生长的影响,试验表明:在[0,800]范围内,低浓度(200mg/L)促进芽苗的生长,并随浓度的升高而增强;浓度升高(≥200mg/l)后开始呈现抑制作用,随着浓度的升高而增强,并随着时间的延长抑制作用减弱,促进作用增强。200mg/L铅溶液浓度产生最高芽高和最大鲜重;铅溶液浓度达800mg/L时,芽高和鲜重最低。     

不同氮肥用量与地膜覆盖对大蒜生长发育的影响

为了寻找大蒜发生"面包蒜"的原因,在大蒜越冬期对赣榆白蒜采用不同栽培模式、不同量氮肥进行追肥试验,对大蒜鳞茎的鳞瓣数、鳞瓣的鳞片数(鳞叶数)、植株假茎长度及产量进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,随着氮肥用量的增加,大蒜鳞茎鳞瓣的鳞片向上发育叶身成为普通叶而发生二次生长,向外不断分化鳞片而形成"面包蒜"。地膜覆盖进一步促进大蒜产生"面包蒜"及二次生长。证明了大蒜临界光照时间随着氮肥用量的增加而延长这一科学原理。     

不同用量氮肥对大蒜生长发育的影响

为寻找大蒜发生“面包蒜”的原因，在大蒜越冬期对赣榆白蒜用不同量的氮肥进行追肥试验，对大蒜鳞茎的鳞瓣数、鳞瓣的鳞片数（鳞叶数）、植株假茎长度及产量进行了统计分析，找到了大蒜产生“面包蒜”的直接原因。随着氮肥用量的增加，大蒜临界光照时间延长，使鳞瓣的鳞片向上发育叶身成为普通叶而发生二次生长，向外不断分化鳞片而形成“面包蒜”。     

低温处理对不同大小蒜种生长发育的影响

摘要：为研究低温条件对不同大小蒜种生长发育的影响，发挥低温处理蒜种在生产上的最大效应， 以“三月黄”大蒜为试验材料，在播种前对蒜种进行6 ℃低温处理，以室内常温贮藏为对照，观察蒜种生 根、出苗及植株性状，比较青蒜、蒜薹及蒜头产量。结果表明：低温处理可使蒜种提早解除休眠，促进 大蒜提前生根和出苗生长，且蒜瓣越大效果越好，其中，大瓣蒜出苗率最高，达到92.4%，中瓣蒜次之， 达到84.93%。低温处理能显著增加大蒜植株假茎的长度和粗度，提高单株质量即青蒜产量，且蒜瓣越大 增产效果越显著，低温处理大瓣蒜种和中瓣蒜种的小区青蒜产量分别较对照增加46.28%、35.95%，且与 对照间差异均达极显著水平；小瓣蒜种的小区青蒜产量比对照增加10.53%，二者间差异达到显著水平。 而低温处理蒜种的蒜薹和蒜头产量均显著低于对照，且二次生长严重，蒜头瓣数虽多但单瓣质量低，商 品质量差。因此，播前低温处理蒜种可以用于青蒜生产，实现提早上市，增加产量，且大瓣和中瓣蒜种 效果较好，但不能用于生产蒜薹、蒜头及留种。     

大蒜形态发育的初步研究

本文系作者在1962年对著名品种紫皮蒜和狗牙蒜形态发育的初步研究桔果。文中指出大蒜生长过程可分为萌发期、幼苗期、鳞芽与花芽分化期、蒜办与蒜苔成长期和休眠期等五个时期;根系萌发的数量和速度与剥皮去踵有关。叶片的全部展出期和生长高峰因品种而不同。大蒜种办的消失、鳞芽和花芽的分化是大蒜生理过程的关键;紫皮蒜的种办消失可做为其鳞芽和花芽分化期的标志。     

大蒜干物质积累与硒的吸收和分配及累积特性研究

采用田间小区试验,研究了大蒜干物质积累与硒吸收、分配及累积特性规律。结果表明:大蒜从幼苗期到鳞芽花芽分化期干物质累积量随植株生长发育呈快速增长趋势,在鳞芽花芽分化期达到高峰时干物质积累量为15 022.50kg/hm2,后期趋于平衡;大蒜不同器官硒含量在不同生育期均表现为鳞芽花芽分化期>鳞茎膨大期>蒜薹伸长期>幼苗期,大蒜在鳞芽花芽分化期硒累积量骤增,累积量占总硒累积量的57.82%,说明这一段时期是大蒜吸收硒的关键时期;鳞茎膨大期大蒜各器官硒含量积累量大小为鳞茎>茎>叶>根。     

覆膜大蒜追肥方法

春季3月中、下旬大蒜退田,植株开始独立生产,鳞芽、花芽开始分化,已由幼苗期进入植株旺盛生长期。从鳞芽、花芽分化到蒜薹成熟,蒜头产量的形成几乎接近50%,植株地上部分的生长量达到最大值,根系的生长量处于盛期,所以这段时间的肥水管理特别重要,一般需要追两次肥,分别于3月底或4月初和提蒜薹前的4月底。大蒜对氮、磷、钾在整个生长期内都有较高的要求,但不同的生育时期其需求量不同。氮,是大蒜生长需要的重要营养元素,中等产量水平的蒜田,每667 m2需吸收纯氮19·5kg,除了在蒜薹伸长期吸收量略大外,在全生育期基本上是均衡吸收的。磷,需要量…     

大蒜蜜饯加工技术

大蒜是人们生活中不可缺少 的一种调味品其 营养丰富能助消化祛寒痰兴阳气解水毒等具有较高的食疗价值下面介绍大蒜蜜饯的加工技术 1选料挑选成熟干燥无虫蛀无霉变并带有完整蒜皮的大蒜 2分瓣去内衣将挑选的蒜头加工分瓣剔除外皮及蒜柱 3漂洗将蒜粒倒人大缸内用清水进行浸漂漂洗时间为68小时并每隔2小时换水1次以达到漂去蒜米黄水的作用将漂洗后蒜瓣剥去内衣入缸再漂洗8小时 4硫处理将漂洗的蒜瓣捞出沥净水分每100kg瓣用 05kg硫磺在熏硫室中熏硫115小时 5盐渍每100kg蒜瓣混匀5kg盐入缸压实24小时期 间均匀倒缸1次大蒜蜜饯加…     

青霉素在香石竹组织培养中的作用

青霉素10-80万单位/1对香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus L.)愈伤组织芽的分化有促进作用,对愈伤组织苗的生长有抑制作用。在80万单位/1浓度时芽生长出现异常现象。青霉素对杆插苗的生长有抑制作用。随着苗的生长、浓度的提高,对发生根的抑制增强,对芽的抑制减弱,以至消失。在香石竹培养中对消除玻璃化苗、叶色彩化有明显效果。     

Effect of prolonged cold storage on the production capacity of strawberry plants

After cold storage for various periods (42, 99, 155, 189, 227 and 259 days) strawberry waiting-bed plants cultivar ‘Elsanta’ were planted on six dates between January and August. Plant performance was evaluated simultaneously in a growth chamber under controlled environmental conditions and in a greenhouse. Starch content in the crown tissue was clearly reduced during the cold storage period.

In the greenhouse trials a variable decline in fruit number and yield per plant was found in relation to the length of cold storage and the temperature conditions during the growth and harvest period. Also in the growth chamber, under a constant temperature regime, a significant decline in the number of flowers per plant developing up to anthesis was observed after increasing periods of storage. This indicates that it is not only stressing climatical conditions after planting which are influencing the performance of cold stored plants. Also, the length of cold storage strongly affects plant vigour and productivity. This is related to the carbohydrate status of the plants after cold storage.     

不同贮藏方式对长蕊石头花主要营养成分含量的影响

以长蕊石头花为试材,研究了其营养成分含量在室温贮藏和冷藏条件下随时间变化的规律。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,室温和冷藏2种贮藏方式中,长蕊石头花的VC、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量均明显下降,可溶性糖含量先降低后升高。贮藏时间相同,室温处理下各营养成分含量低于冷藏处理。氨基酸含量呈上升趋势,且室温处理下氨基酸含量高于冷藏处理。     

秋季叶面喷施多胺和尿素对酿酒葡萄贮藏营养和抗冻性的影响

为提高酿酒葡萄休眠期贮藏营养水平和抗性,以6a生、长势一致的“赤霞珠”葡萄为试材,研究了秋季叶面喷施不同浓度的多胺、尿素对赤霞珠葡萄叶片光合作用、树体内碳水化合物含量、活性氧代谢、主芽及花序质量的影响.结果表明:在秋季叶面喷施4mM的精胺、1mM的亚精胺或3％的尿素,可显著的提高叶片气孔导度、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率.这些处理可显著提高休眠期树体内碳水化合物含量和主芽质量,降低枝蔓相对电导率和丙二醛含量,提高SOD、CAT活性,提高了花序的质量.因此,在秋季,叶面喷施适当浓度的多胺或尿素可通过提高叶片光合速率来显著提高酿酒葡萄贮藏营养水平和抗冻性,提高主芽和花序质量,这也有助于酿酒葡萄品质或产量的提高.     

Interactions between N,P and C mobilisations during spring growth of a semi-evergreen shrub (Ligustrum ovalifolium L.) grown in containers with different fertilisation schedules

Container-grown Ligustrum ovalifolium L. plants were used to determine the influence of nutrient availability on the mobilisation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) during spring growth. During the spring of the second growing season, plants either received no fertiliser, or were fertilised early (starting 17 days after bud break) or late (starting 3 months after bud break). Nutrient composition of different plant tissues was determined at several times during the second growing season from bud break to the end of elongation. Time of fertilisation did not influence aerial dry weight until flowering was completed. Plants that received no fertiliser or were fertilised late had greater root dry weight than plants that received fertiliser early. Fertilised plants had a second flush of growth after flowering completed. Nitrogen and phosphorus mobilisation occurred from bud break to the end of elongation (3 months). Nutrient mobilisation was effective in each perennial organ: root, trunk, ligneous stems and old leaves. However, the role of old leaves as storage organ was minor compared to evergreen tree leaves. Carbon mobilisation only occurred on the 1st month following bud break, before elongation. C-starch accumulation was observed in unfertilised plants even when the C-starch quantities in early fertilised plants were very low at the end of elongation, mainly in roots. In spite of fertilisation supplies, N and P quantities did not increase after elongation in the early fertilised plants, probably in relation to C insufficiency in roots to sustain N and P absorption and assimilation. By contrast, in late fertilised plants, high C quantities in roots were mobilised for N and P uptake and assimilation, which allowed both second growth flush and storage of N and P in perennial organs. The mobilisation of nutrients before and during elongation revealed the nutritional autonomy of shrubs, which could allow fertiliser use efficiency to be increased and environmental impacts to be minimised by delaying spring fertilisation. Nevertheless, the shrub ability to valorise fertilisation supplies for sustaining growth or nutrient storage restoration required sufficient C-starch quantities in roots. The starch accumulated in roots before late nutrient supply can be used for these objectives.     

三色堇花药培养技术研究初探

研究了三色堇花蕾消毒方法、花蕾低温预处理和不同培养基组分对花药愈伤组织诱导率及其分化的影响.结果表明:采用0.1％ HgCl2灭菌20 min是三色堇花蕾较为理想的表面灭菌时间.基因型不同花药愈伤组织的诱导率也不尽相同,而且愈伤组织的诱导率总体不高.选择合适的培养基组分、激素种类和其配比以及合适的培养条件可能是影响三色堇花药培养成功的关键因子.     

电商环境下食用菌冷链物流体系设计

为进一步推动食用菌冷链物流行业的发展,建立电商环境下的现代化物流体系。在讨论食用菌冷链物流体系设计原则的基础上,从第三方仓储公司的选择和冷链仓储管理的角度,对食用菌冷链物流体系的仓储子系统进行了设计。该设计方案可以有效提升食用菌冷链物流的仓储效率,促进了电商环境下食用菌冷链物流行业的良性发展。     

The effect of sucrose,silver thiosulphate and 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate on the quality of Lilium inflorescences cut at the bud stage and stored at low temperature

A continuous supply of sucrose together with 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate to cut Lilium Asiatic hybrid ‘Prima’ inflorescences resulted in buds opening satisfactorily and increased their longevity. The best results were obtained using 30 g l^?1 sucrose. Cut Lilium inflorescences could be stored at 1°C for 4 weeks without a great loss in potential vase-life and decorative value when the inflorescences were pre-treated with silver thiosulphate + 100 g l^?1 sucrose for 24 h before cold storage, kept in a cold room in a solution containing 50 mg l^?1 silver nitrate, and after cold storage kept in a solution containing 30 g l^?1 sucrose and 200 mg l^?1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate. Such treatment greatly improved bud opening, increased the diameters of individual flowers and prolonged their life.     

1-MCP对“藤牧1号”苹果贮藏品质的影响

为研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对早熟苹果品种“藤牧1号”冷藏品质和冷藏后货架品质的影响,分别以0(对照)、500、1 000和1 500 nL/L的1-MCP处理“藤牧1号”苹果,对各处理苹果在0℃贮藏期间,以及在冷藏40和60 d后货架期间的品质进行了测定.结果表明:1-MCP抑制了“藤牧1号”苹果冷藏期间呼吸和乙烯释放速率;延缓了硬度和可滴定酸含量下降;延缓了苹果总酚含量、多酚氧化酶活性高峰的出现,抑制了丙二醛含量的升高;对可溶性固形物和维生素C含量影响不明显.此外,1-MCP还延迟了冷藏40和60 d后7d货架期间果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量的下降,明显提高了果实好果率.从整体看,1 500 nL/L的1-MCP维持“藤牧1号”苹果冷藏和货架期间品质的效果优于其它3个处理.