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1.
文中介绍气候谈判产生的背景、谈判机制设计、影响谈判进程的因素等方面研究现状, 分析贸易政策与环境、资源禀赋、汇率变动等对木材产品国际贸易的影响; 在此基础上, 讨论气候谈判与木材产品国际贸易之间的关系。现有研究文献表明:气候谈判通过关税直接对木材产品国际贸易产生影响, 通过非关税措施包括森林认证、进口产品检验检疫、森林碳汇等对全球木材产品国际贸易产生直接或间接影响。然而, 这些研究主要还是基于简单的逻辑推理, 对于涉林气候谈判影响木材产品国际贸易的机理并没有进行深入剖析, 更没有通过大样本实证检验涉林气候谈判对木材产品国际贸易的影响。  相似文献   

2.
从林业地位、森林资源和林产品贸易三个方面介绍了巴西林业的概况,并在分析巴西林产品贸易特点的基础上,总结出对我国林产品贸易的4点启示,即要拓宽国内外市场,保证供需;稳扎稳打步步为营,形成优势出口产品品牌;内外兼顾,完善本国对外贸易法规;防微杜渐,提高管理和科技水平。巴西是世界生物资源和森林资源最为丰富的国家之一,总结和借鉴巴西林产品贸易情况对推动和促进我国林产品贸易及林业产业发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
The shortfall of timber resource in China constantly keeps about 150 million m3, which mainly relies on import to fill in the gap. However, Russia, the key timber supply state of China, has encouraged the development of its national intensive timber processing and therefore the Russian Far East Region started to gradually restrict log export. To this end, this paper analyzes the situation of forest industry and timber production in Russian Far East and discusses the current status and existing problems in timber trade between Russian Far East and China. At the end, the paper presents policy recommendation for future timber trade between Russian Far East and China and views their forestry cooperation prospect.  相似文献   

4.
气候变化背景下的中国林业建设   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了林业在应对气候变化国际进程中的重要地位,回顾了我国林业在应对气候变化背景下所取得的成就,提出了充分发挥森林碳汇潜力,科学应对气候变化的具体措施.  相似文献   

5.
气候变化使全球森林资源面临新的、更为复杂的挑战。作为重要的林业大国,加拿大在气候变化中将会受到更大的影响。正确地应对这些挑战、保证森林资源良好地适应气候变化并实现可持续发展,是目前加拿大林业面临的主题。文中以全球气候变化为背景,介绍加拿大林业情况,包括森林资源、森林的价值体现以及林业产业发展,进而说明气候变化对加拿大森林产生的影响以及加拿大为应对气候变化在林业方面所采取的相关措施。  相似文献   

6.
韩国山林组合发展及启示   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
在林权制度改革后,我国林业小规模经营与市场间的矛盾渐渐显现出来,林业专业合作社可以解决小生产与大市场连接的交易费用和风险成本高的问题。在设立以来的50多年间,韩国山林组合对韩国林业发展起到重要作用。文中介绍了韩国森林资源、木材供需情况、森林公益价值等林业基本概况以及山林组合的发展历程,分析了山林组合在韩国林业发展过程中的作用。韩国与我国互为邻国,韩国山林组合的发展对我国发展林业专业合作社具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

7.
在应对全球气候变化中, 林业具有特殊地位和重要功能, 以社会、经济和环境可持续发展为目标的森林可持续经营是全球趋势。文中阐述了森林在减缓和适应气候变化中的独特作用; 重点分析了不同营林措施对木材产量和碳储量的影响, 并结合可持续林业的发展趋势评价了不同经营模式框架下木材产量与碳储量之间的平衡; 针对全球气候变化对森林生态系统带来的挑战, 探讨了今后森林经营措施的研究重点和难点, 旨在为制定合理的经营方案提供理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化不仅严重影响了经济社会的可持续发展,并日趋国际化、政治化而成为世界各国当今面临的最重大挑战之一,对此国际社会高度重视并积极采取各种措施,其中,通过林业活动增加森林碳汇(减缓碳释放)是重要途径.此外,研究表明通过森林固碳来减缓碳释放不仅潜力巨大,而且具明显的成本优势,更主要的是这种方法不会对...  相似文献   

9.
湖南林业碳汇发展机遇   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对国家政策、碳汇交易等内容分析了林业碳汇发展的机遇和挑战,并提出了湖南林业碳汇发展的建议。  相似文献   

10.
我国木质林产品贸易与森林生态安全耦合度研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
“两头在外”是我国林产品贸易的典型特征, 它意味着对国内和国外森林资源的大量消耗。木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全的协调是开放条件下实现我国森林可持续发展的必经之路。文中运用耦合理论研究1961-2010年我国木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全之间的协调问题, 结论认为:1)2004之前森林生态安全指数高于木质林产品贸易指数, 2005-2008年则低于木质林产品贸易指数, 1991年之后木质林产品贸易指数的波动幅度显著大于森林生态安全指数。2)1961-1999年森林生态安全指数与木质林产品贸易指数的协调状态在初级协调和勉强协调之间波动; 2000年之后二者的协调进入稳定阶段, 并在2003年由初级协调进入中级协调阶段。  相似文献   

11.
    
ABSTRACT

As the role of forests in climate change mitigation is explicitly recognized in the Paris Agreement, the need to enhance the adoption of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices is crucial. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying and evaluating barriers in adopting SFM practices in the context of forest carbon emission reductions. A total of 15 barriers in adopting SFM practices are listed through literature and expert inputs. Using Cameroon as a case study, the listed barriers are then evaluated by experts to determine their relative importance using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. According to our findings, the ‘Regulatory and Legislative frameworks’ barrier category was attributed to the highest importance among other categories, in adopting SFM practices in the forestry sector. ‘Inadequate political will and incentive to enforce regulations’ appears to be the major obstacle in adopting SFM practices in Cameroon. As carbon emission reduction initiatives are being developed, there is need to move from broad to concrete suggestions that will overcome these barriers. However, proper diagnosis is necessary in order to target barriers with the right incentives and enabling conditions that will support carbon programs and projects to deliver effective emission reductions.  相似文献   

12.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Forestry and forest ecosystem are highly sensitive to climate change.At present,studies about the responses of forests to climate change in China are more focused on physical influences of climate change.This paper firstly divided the key impact factors of climate change on forest and forestry developing into direct factors and indirect factors,and then made an assessment on climate change affecting future forestry development from the aspect of forest products and ecological services.On this basis,the adap...  相似文献   

13.
    
Fossil fuel consumption in recent decades has caused the rise of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, with negative consequences on the environment and human health. This study develops a methodological framework to quantify carbon credits from carbon-oriented forest management and evaluates the economic sustainability of their sale. Application of the framework to two forest compartments with long-lasting active management in the Western Italian Alps showed the feasibility of the methodology and provided insights on its replication in other contexts. Particularly, the Carbon-oriented scenario led to a reduction of both the extracted wood volume (10% and 6.5% CASE1 and CASE2, respectively) and Net Present Value (32% and 29%), leading to a carbon credit price of 19.6 € MgCO2eq?1? and 44.1 € MgCO2eq?1 to counteract these losses.

This work allows us to highlight the factors needed to design and evaluate alternative forest management options while considering the consequences of climate change. Moreover, the hypothesized scenarios include an economic remuneration of the positive externalities provided by sustainable forest management.

Finally, the proposed workflow entails undeniable environmental benefits while contrasting climate change but still looks undesirable with respect to the traditional timber-oriented management in compartments where high-quality wood products can be obtained.  相似文献   


14.
    
《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):341-350
Protected areas in Nigeria are important ecosystems for carbon storage. The aim of this study was to estimate and map tree aboveground biomass (TAGB) and carbon (TAGC) within a tropical forest in Nigeria. Stepwise regression analysis was implemented to develop models for predicting TAGB in the forest stand, by integrating field TAGB data with Landsat 8 OLI data. Spectral variables used in the analysis include spectral bands, vegetation indices, tasseled cap indices and principal components. Model validation was performed using independent sample plots. The results showed that incorporating more than one category of spectral variables improved the prediction of TAGB. The best-fit model was applied to map the spatial distribution of TAGB and TAGC. The TAGC was estimated as 52.3% of TAGB, based on the average carbon content of tree species derived in this study. Average TAGB and TAGC estimates for the forest stand were 373.1 ± 165.4 t ha?1 and 194 ± 82.7 t ha?1, respectively. Reliable estimates of TAGB and TAGC for the forest reserve were obtained. This study provides important information required to manage the forest stand for optimal carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

15.
The structure of Japanese timber markets has changed drastically during recent decades. After the introduction of a large amount of imported softwood products. Japanese timber producers have faced global competition with foreign timber suppliers such as Canada, the US, and recently Nordic countries. In this paper, we present a forest sector model for lumber markets with a focus on eight aggregate regions (Tohoku, Kanto, Hokuriku, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kyushu) in Japan. The proposed model is based on the Samuelson-partial equilibrium formulation, which searches for an optimal solution by maximizing the net social payoff subject to demand and supply constraints. A nonlinear programming solution technique is incorporated into the proposed model. Three types of lumber are considered,i.e., domestic lumber, the lumber processed in Japan from imported logs, and imported lumber from the US and Canada. Using data for 1998, our analysis indicates that the derived equilibrium solution has a higher price for the imported lumber supply in all regions, and a lower price for the other two products in most regions than the actual current price in 1998. The derived net social payoff gains 1.6% compared with the one derived with the current set of prices and quantities. This is research was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for scientific Research (No.11691090) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sports, and Technology of Japan.  相似文献   

16.
中国林产品发展的现状与前景   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
从我国林产品的供需态势、技术方向和政策取向三个方面,介绍我国林产品的发展现状与前景,分析了中国林产品在世界林产品进出口贸易的内在潜力与资源优势.指出中国经济社会的持续快速稳定协调发展,为中国林产品的市场供需与贸易投资提供了广阔的发展空间与研发平台,带来了巨大的发展机遇.  相似文献   

17.
In this article, an engineering approach is used to derive the access cost function for roundwood in northern Sweden. This approach can make use of detailed biological, technological and economic information and can give insights that cannot be gained with statistical methods. The engineering approach gives a reliable estimate of the whole cost function, so it avoids the difficulties of the statistical approaches in discriminating between different functional forms. The computations are based on data from the Swedish Forest Survey. Cost distributions are derived both at the roadside and at the mill and also with and without subsidies to forestry. Some applications to forest policy problems are mentioned. The elasticity of the cost curve near the current price level is the same as previously reported price elasticities.  相似文献   

18.
    
This article examines the current state of community forestry in Laos. The rationale for community forestry in the Lao context is presented, followed by a discussion of the development of the Lao version of community forestry, called participatory sustainable forest management (PSFM). The history of a project supported by an international non-government organization that attempted to implement PSFM and that was subsequently discontinued by the Lao government is then presented, followed by an analysis of the reasons for government opposition to the project. Examples of more successful community forestry systems in two countries—Nepal and Mexico—are contrasted with Laos's state-centered PSFM model. Lessons from these countries suggest that fundamental institutional changes are necessary for community forestry to take hold in Laos.  相似文献   

19.
在中国森林第一性生产力地理分布规律研究的基础上,根据生产力与气候环境变量间的相关关系,筛选有代表性的生产力数据和与其相应的气象资料,构建了中国森林生产力气候模型,模拟出中国森林第一性生产力的分布格局,借助气候环境信息制图软件,绘制了中国森林生产力图。  相似文献   

20.
中国非木材林产品分类系统   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
在参考国内外研究成果的基础上,总结出非木材林产品的特征及其概念。并根据我国实际情况,初步建立了一个适于我国国情的非木材林产品4级分类框架;第一级分类中将其分为动物类、植物类和微生物类3大类,第二级划分为食品、药材、工业原料等16类,第三级划分为兽、禽、粮食、蔬菜、饲料等54类,第四级分类中将非木材林产品共划分成142个小种类。为今后非木材林产品的开发利用、分类研究、监测及监测指标体系的建立奠定基础。  相似文献   

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